1.红色在中西方有什么差异写一篇英文小论文
Colors have direct effect on vision. It is common that people use different colors to express their feelings. In Chinese culture, red always indicate prosperous, happiness, cheerful, revolution and auspicious, so we always use red to decorate important days. For instance, during the spring festival, we paste red couplet, hang on red lantern and play red fireworks to celebrate spring festival. Therefore, there are many trademarks include the word of red, such as “红梅” beer, “红双喜” cigarettes and “红旗” car. But in the view of American and English, they regarded red as a negative word which always connected with violence, bleed, dangerous and misfortune, such as “red hands” and “red alert”. One of the academic brands “红灯” radio is once have a slow seller in abroad. Doing a survey then find out the reason is “Red light” in English means nightspot. From this, we can see that realize the cultural differences of target language are very important. For some western countries, they prefer white which they think it symbolizes purity, cleanliness and sophistication. So on the wedding ceremony, brides。
2.帮忙写(找)一篇关于研究中西方文化差异的论文
Western novels in comparison First, Western novels in the history of the development of Western novels are based on myths and legends of its origin. In ancient times, science developed, out of fear of nature, the working people out of the imagination is the key to many of the world "God", describing the personification of God is a myth; who will describe the deified, that is legend. China opened the world's Pan story, the story of San Juan Five Emperors, the West Greek mythology, Roman mythology, Norse mythology, and so on are all typical works. East and West, the original novel, is closely linked with the history, as historical records complement the event. China Pre-Qin prose in the fable, the Han dynasty in the history books, biographies, the Wei and Jin Zhi, Zhi-person novel; the West of ancient Babylon, "the United States and Ji Jia disabilities epic", in ancient Greece, "Homer's epic," "Aesop's Fables "And so on, fall into this category, fiction, novels such novels have been about the characteristics of fiction, it is still not the literary creation, directly from the private collection record, so this type of fiction plot is relatively simple, writing rough comparison. Ban Gu said, "On the Street Lane words, hearsay are made of" is a novel kind of accurate assessment of the image. China's Tang Dynasty, the novel is only from history and literature become a creativity. Tang Dynasty culture has developed, the author's ideas are more open, the legend came into being at this time, Li Zhaowei "Liu Yi Chuan", Po Chu's "Everlasting Regret," Wolf's "Everlasting Regret Chuan" And so on, are made in accordance with the creation of the legend. For the fictional story of the Tang Dynasty more emphasis on imagination and literary talent, not just the history of the nature of things, but as the history of Zhi Zhi who is also the novel did not stop. The Legend of the Song Dynasty to the novel on a gradual decline, which followed the rise of this so that after processing will become a scholar so many novel and Romance novels such as "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Outlaws of the Marsh", "Journey to the West." The author of such novels is the use of private creative and re-created to describe the circumstances of the touching scenes of brilliant and vivid active in shaping the character known, there are obvious story-telling style of language. Here by the redevelopment, it will become an independent literary creation rather than things to come together with the civil process, the representative of this type is the "Golden Lotus", it was an open and ordinary life on the road, the reality is that literature has come a long way The development of the latter's "A Dream of Red Mansions" in ancient China Geng Shiba realism to the novels of the summit. "54" after the novelist began to learn from China's western fiction writing practices, and gradually out a new path. Western novels, is the "Renaissance" after the rapid development of mature. The development of the Middle Ages novel near-stagnation in the West, 14, the end of the century "Renaissance" to overthrow the literature of the Church of control, 15, appeared in the western end of the century to promote freedom of thought and the liberation of personality in order to describe the reality of life and portray characters from all walks of life for the content of the Humanist novels, is to tie in with this type of novel anti-feudal Europe at the time of arising at the same time it also set the novel in the West to human describing the tone of the main things. Jiaqiu Italy's "Decameron", Spain's Cervantes "Don Quixote" is the kind of representative works of fiction. The resulting novel is a classical, elegant favor of its national language to standardize the writing of this novel in 17th century France's most well-developed. As a note on behalf of Corneille's "Cid" neoclassical story of the rise of Western novels have been a language substantially improved. The beginning of the 18th century to promote popular science knowledge, enlightenment of the public consciousness for the purpose of the Enlightenment novels, of which there are relatively well-known German Goethe's "Faust", the United Kingdom Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe" and the Swift "Gulliver's Travels" and so on, this type of novel to the emergence of the bourgeois revolution at the time to mold public opinion. In the 19th century, romantic fiction, realistic novels and critical realism novel turn to occupy the leading position in the field of fiction. Romantic novels, such as France Victor Hugo's "Notre Dame de Paris", Goethe's "juvenile Witt of trouble" and so on,。
3.英语毕业论文题目是中西方饮食文化对比
略谈中西方饮食文化差异 餐饮产品由于地域特征、气侯环境、风俗习惯等因素的影响,会出现在原料、口味、烹调方法、饮食习惯上的不同程度的差异。
正是因为这些差异,餐饮产品具有了强烈的地域性。中西文化之间的差异造就了中西饮食文化的差异,而这种差异来自中西方不同的思维方式和处世哲学。
中国人注重“天人合一”,西方人注重“以人为本”。 这里简要从下面三个方面谈谈中西方饮食文化的差异。
一、两种不同的饮食观念 对比注重“味”的中国饮食,西方是一种理性饮食观念。不论食物的色、香、味、形如何,而营养一定要得到保证,讲究一天要摄取多少热量、维生素、蛋白质等等。
即便口味千篇一律,也一定要吃下去——因为有营养。这一饮食观念同西方整个哲学体系是相适应的。
形而上学是西方哲学的主要特点。西方哲学所研究的对象为事物之理,事物之理常为形上学理,形上学理互相连贯,便结成形上哲学。
这一哲学给西方文化带来生机,使之在自然科学上、心理学上、方法论上实现了突飞猛进的发展。但在另一些方面,这种哲学主张大大地起了阻碍作用,如饮食文化。
在宴席上,可以讲究餐具,讲究用料,讲究服务,讲究菜之原料的形、色方面的搭配;但不管怎么豪华高档,从洛杉矶到纽约,牛排都只有一种味道,无艺术可言。作为菜肴,鸡就是鸡,牛排就是牛排,纵然有搭配,那也是在盘中进行的,一盘“法式羊排”,一边放土豆泥,旁倚羊排,另一边配煮青豆,加几片番茄便成。
色彩上对比鲜明,但在滋味上各种原料互不相干、调和,各是各的味,简单明了。 中国人是很重视“吃”的,“民以食为天”这句谚语就说明我们把吃看得与天一样重要。
由于我们这个民族几千年来都处于低下的生产力水平,人们总是吃不饱,所以才会有一种独特的把吃看得重于一切的饮食文化,我想,这大概是出于一种生存需要吧。如果一种文化把吃看成首要的事,那么就会出现两种现象:一方面会把这种吃的功能发挥到极致,不仅维持生存,也利用它维持健康,这也就是”药补不如食补”的文化基础;另一方面,对吃的过份重视,会使人推崇对美味的追求。
在中国的烹调术中,对美味追求几乎达到极致,以至中国人到海外谋生,都以开餐馆为业,成了我们在全世界安身立命的根本!遗憾的是,当我们把追求美味作为第一要求时,我们却忽略了食物最根本的营养价值,我们的很多传统食品都要经过热油炸和长时间的文火饨煮,使菜肴的营养成分受到破坏,许多营养成分都损失在加工过程中了。因而一说到营养问题,实际上就触及到了中国饮食文化的最大弱点。
民间有句俗话:“民以食为天,食以味为先”。就是这种对美味的追求,倒使我们忽略了吃饭的真正意义。
中国人在品尝菜肴时,往往会说这盘菜“好吃”,那道菜“不好吃”;然而若要进一步问一下什么叫“好吃”,为什么“好吃”,“好吃”在哪里,恐怕就不容易说清楚了。这说明,中国人对饮食追求的是一种难以言传的“意境”,即使用人们通常所说的“色、香、味、形、器”来把这种“境界”具体化,恐怕仍然是很难涵盖得了的。
中国饮食之所以有其独特的魅力,关键就在于它的味。而美味的产生,在于调和,要使食物的本味,加热以后的熟味,加上配料和辅料的味以及调料的调和之味,交织融合协调在一起,使之互相补充,互助渗透,水乳交融,你中有我,我中有你。
中国烹饪讲究的调和之美,是中国烹饪艺术的精要之处。菜点的形和色是外在的东西,而味却是内在的东西,重内在而不刻意修饰外表,重菜肴的味而不过分展露菜肴的形和色,这正是中国美性饮食观的最重要的表现。
在中国,饮食的美性追求显然压倒了理性,这种饮食观与中国传统的哲学思想也是吻合的。作为东方哲学代表的中国哲学,其显著特点是宏观、直观、模糊及不可捉摸。
中国菜的制作方法是调和鼎鼐,最终是要调和出一种美好的滋味。这一讲究的就是分寸,就是整体的配合。
它包含了中国哲学丰富的辩证法思想,一切以菜的味的美好、谐调为度,度以内的千变万化就决定了中国菜的丰富和富于变化,决定了中国菜菜系的特点乃至每位厨师的特点。 二、中西饮食对象的差异 西方人认为菜肴是充饥的,所以专吃大块肉、整块鸡等“硬菜”。
而中国的菜肴是“吃味”的,所以中国烹调在用料上也显出极大的随意性:许多西方人视为弃物的东西,在中国都是极好的原料,外国厨师无法处理的东西,一到中国厨师手里,就可以化腐朽为神奇。足见中国饮食在用料方面的随意性之广博。
据西方的植物学者的调查,中国人吃的菜蔬有600多种,比西方多六倍。实际上,在中国人的菜肴里,素菜是平常食品,荤菜只有在节假日或生活水平较高时,才进入平常的饮食结构,所以自古便有“菜食”之说,菜食在平常的饮食结构中占主导地位。
中国人的以植物为主菜,与佛教徒的鼓吹有着千缕万丝的联系。他们视动物为“生灵”,而植物则“无灵”,所以,主张素食主义。
西方人在介绍自己国家的饮食特点时,觉得比中国更重视营养的合理搭配,有较为发达的食品工业,如罐头、快餐等,虽口味千篇一律,但节省时间,且营。
4.英语论文:中国文化与西方文化的区别
-- 中外文化差异比较 在开放的现代社会,跨文化的言语交际显得愈发重要,已经成为现代交际中引人注目的一个特点。
交际中的文化差异随处可见,言语环境中的文化因素受到普遍重视。下面是英汉文化中十大常见差异。
1.回答提问 中国人对别人的问话,总是以肯定或否定对方的话来确定用“对”或者“不对”。如: “我想你不到20岁,对吗?” “是的,我不到20岁。”
(“不,我已经30岁了。”) 英语中,对别人的问话,总是依据事实结果的肯定或否定用“Yes”或者“No”。
如: “You\'re not a student,are you?” “Yes,I am.” (“No,I am not.”) 2.亲属称谓 英语的亲属以家庭为中心,一代人为一个称谓板块,只区别男性、女性,却忽视配偶双方因性别不同而出现的称谓差异。显得男女平等。
如: 英文“grandparents,grandfather,grandmother”,而中文“祖辈、爷爷、奶奶、外公、外婆”。 再如,父母同辈中的称谓:英文“uncle”和“aunt”,而中文“伯伯、叔叔、舅舅等,姑妈、姨妈等”。
还有,英文中的表示下辈的“nephew和 niece”是不分侄甥的,表示同辈的“cousin”不分堂表、性别。 3.考虑问题的主体 中国人喜欢以对方为中心,考虑对方的情感。
比如: 你想买什么? 您想借什么书? 而英语中,往往从自身的角度出发。如: Can I help you? What can I do for you? 4.问候用语 中国人打招呼,一般都以对方处境或动向为思维出发点。
如: 您去哪里? 您是上班还是下班? 而西方人往往认为这些纯属个人私事,不能随便问。所以他们见面打招呼总是说: Hi/Hello! Good morning/afternoon/evening/night! How are you? It\'s a lovely day,isn\'t it? 5.面对恭维 中国人的传统美德是谦虚谨慎,对别人的恭维和夸奖应是推辞。
如: “您的英语讲得真好。” “哪里,哪里,一点也不行。”
“菜做得很好吃。” “过奖,过奖,做得不好,请原谅。”
西方人从来不过分谦虚,对恭维一般表示谢意,表现出一种自强自信的信念。如: “You can speak very good French.” “Thank you.” “It\'s a wonderful dish!” “I am glad you like it.” 所以,学生要注意当说英语的人称赞你时,千万不要回答:“No,I don\'t think so.”这种回答在西方人看来是不礼貌的,甚至是虚伪的。
6.电话用语 中国人打电话时的用语与平时讲话用语没有多少差异。 “喂,您好。
麻烦您叫一声王伟接电话。”“我是张英,请问您是谁?” 英语中打电话与平时用语差别很大。
如:“Hello,this is John speaking.” “Could I speak to Tom please?” “Is that Mary speaking?” 西方人一接到电话一般都先报自己的号码或者工作单位的名称。如: “Hello,52164768,this is Jim.” 中国学生刚开始学英语会犯这样的错误: “Hello,who are you please?” 7.接受礼物 中国人收到礼物时,一般是放在一旁,确信客人走后,才迫不及待地拆开。
受礼时连声说: “哎呀,还送礼物干什么?” “真是不好意思啦。” “下不为例。”
“让您破费了。” 西方人收到礼物时,一般当着客人的面马上打开,并连声称好: “Very beautiful!Wow!” “What a wonderful gift it is!” “Thank you for your present.” 8.称呼用语 中国人见面时喜欢问对方的年龄、收入、家庭等。
而西方人很反感别人问及这些私事。西方人之间,如没有血缘关系,对男子统称呼“Mr.”,对未婚女士统称“Miss”,对已婚女士统称“Mrs.”。
中国人重视家庭、亲情,认为血浓于水。为了表示礼貌,对陌生人也要以亲属关系称呼。
如: “大爷、大娘、大叔、大婶、大哥、大姐等”。 9.体贴他人 在西方,向别人提供帮助、关心、同情等的方式和程度是根据接受方愿意接受的程度来定的;而中国人帮起忙来一般是热情洋溢,无微不至。
例如:一位中国留学生在美国看到一位老教授蹒跚过车水马龙的马路,出于同情心,他飞步上前挽住老人,要送他过去,但是他得到的却是怒目而视。请看下面的对话: Chinese student:Mr.White,you are so pale,are you sick? English teacher:Well。
yes.I have got a bad cold for several days. Chinese student:Well,you should go to a clinic and see the doctor as soon as possible. English teacher:Er。what do you mean? 中国人建议患上感冒的人马上去看医生,表示真诚的关心。
而美国人对此不理解,会认为难道他的病有如此严重吗?因此,只要回答:“I\'m sorry to hear that.”就够了。 10.请客吃饭 中国人招待客人时,一般都准备了满桌美味佳肴,不断地劝客人享用,自己还谦虚:“没什么菜,吃顿便饭。
薄酒一杯,不成敬意。”行动上多以主人为客人夹菜为礼。
西方人会对此大惑不解:明明这么多菜,却说没什么菜,这不是实事求是的行为。而他们请客吃饭,菜肴特别简单,经常以数量不多的蔬菜为可口的上等菜,席间劝客仅仅说:“Help yourself to some vegetables,please.”吃喝由客人自便自定。
可见在学习语言的过程中,不可忽视语言交际中的文化倾向,要适时导入相关的文化背景知识,以充实学习者的知识结构,提高认知能力。 /rs.php?q=%D6%D0%CD%E2%CE%C4%。
5.中西文化差异之:颜色在中西方文化中不同意义
中西方颜色的不同含义
不同语言文化中的感情色彩差异
以"颜色"为例,不同颜色在不同语言中表达的方式并不一样。在中国代表一种意义,在西方又表示一种涵义,甚至对"颜色"的涵义理解恰恰相反。请看下表:
A. red(红色)
无论是在英语国家还是在中国,红色往往与庆祝活动或喜庆日子有关。因为日历中,这些日子常用红色字体。因此,
red letter day:指的是“纪念日”或“喜庆的日子”。
红色还指“负债”或“亏损”,因为人们总是用红笔登记负数。
B. black(黑色
在英语中经常有“不好的”、“坏的”、“邪恶的”这种意味。例如:
black money:黑钱(指来源不正当而且没有向政府报税的钱)
black market:黑市交易或黑市(意为暗中进行政府禁止买卖的商品或外汇的交易,或指进行违法的投机市场);由此派生出black market price:黑市价格'
C. blue(蓝色)
在英语中通常表示不快乐、忧郁的情绪。
in a blue mood:情绪低沉
D. green(绿色
英语中的green常用来表示表示“嫉妒”,如
green-eyed:嫉妒/眼红
green还表示“新鲜”或没有经验、缺乏训练,
green meat:鲜肉
在英语中white常使人联想起清白,
white war:没有硝烟的战争,常指“经济竞争”。
有些事物因其颜色为白而得名,如
white goods:指的是体积大、单价高的家用电器用具,这类物体常刷成白色,故名。