众文网1.求<<红与黑>>英文论文
Novels "Red" has been published about the history of 200 years, why, in this ever-changing 200 years of fiction can still enduring? The reason lies in the novel not only very successful in shaping the company's claim that highly era black color, but also has the distinct personality of artistic images, but also through leading character experience, and demonstrated French restoration dynasty period vast era painting scroll, then touched many acute social problems. Even leading character in the novel experience and reflects the experience of young petty bourgeoisie universal destiny. Even behave themselves in the USA, supercilious, enthusiasm, determination, but selfish, skeptical. In monks power elite, powerful family system stern feudal society, and discriminated against by birth civilians. Such oppression of the status of his growing discontent with the reality : the impact of Enlightenment thought and caught up in his anti-character. He decided to rely on individual talents like Napoleon, a meritorious, fine. But in restoration period, Napoleon-style rank of the Road has been closed by the elite class. On this rock beneath evergreen trees to grow along. In order to get even with her all the knowledge that worthless, yet the Latin of the "New Testament" back in verse. Recite his amazing ability to let him into the home of the mayor of Victoria Aguilar Ye Fall, when a family of teachers. In that period, he and Germany.Switzerland ambiguous relationship that Mrs. occurred, mostly in resistance and retaliation for his abuse of elite class. However, growing, were blinded by the upper class in society corrupts even the soul, he contributed to the upward desire and ambitions. Even in the dark terror seminary, witnessed manipulate strategically, reveals the ugly inside, so he offered a double-dealing tactics, such behaviour has been the duplicity of the table and patrons stare. Seminary life even further distorted in the character, and strengthen his climbing ambitions and hypocrisy style. In the company to log when the Private Secretary's marquis after exposing civilians, although not the class ideology, but by the marquis trusted, Miss conquest Mateer, even in the "civilian class treason heart" has disappeared. He became a faithful restoration dynasty pawns. As a step towards him in the company for the "bright", as a result of firing Germany and Switzerland that Mrs. complete ruin their future, their present a head. As a fine critical realism novels, the "Red" and not starting from the concept will even reach into a leading character in the pursuit of personal symbols. Instead, the author has given his deep sympathy to the people through the dedicated pursuit of lust and the pursuit of less than critical to the suffering of that era specific social realities, and this is the "force" has spread charm forever good reason. 小说《红与黑》出版至今已有200年左右的历史了，为什么在这风云变幻的200年中小说仍可以经久不衰？原因在于小说不仅十分成功地塑造了于连·索黑尔这个极富时代色彩，又具有鲜明个性的艺术形象，而且通过主人公的经历，展示了法国复辟王朝时期广阔的时代画卷，触及到当时许多尖锐的社会问题。
小说主人公于连的经历和遭遇反应了当时广大小资产阶级青年的普遍命运。于连生性聪颖、高傲、热情、坚毅，但又自私、多疑。
在僧侣贵族当政、门阀制度森严的封建社会，因出生平民而备受歧视。这种受压迫的地位使他滋长了对现实的不满情绪：启蒙思想和拿破仑的影响，培养了他的反搞性格。
他立志要像拿破仑那样靠个人才智建立功勋，飞黄腾达。但是在复辟时期，拿破仑式的晋身之道已被贵族阶层堵死了。
就在这样的岩石底下，一株小树弯弯曲曲地生长。于连为了博取大家用赏识，明知毫无价值，却还把拉丁文的《新约全书》背得滚瓜烂熟。
他那惊人的背诵能力让他跨进了维立叶尔市长家，当起家庭教师来。在那段时期，他与德.瑞那夫人发生了暧昧关系，大部分是为了反抗和报复贵族阶级对他的凌辱。
但是，纸醉金迷、利欲熏心的上流社会也腐蚀了于连的灵魂，助长了他向上爬的欲望和野心。 于连进入阴森恐怖的神学院后，亲眼目睹了勾心斗角、尔虞我诈的丑恶内幕，于是他便耍起了两面派手法，这种表里不一的行为居然得到院长的表睐和宠幸。
神学院的生活进一步扭曲了于连的性格，强化了他向上爬的野心和虚伪的作风。于连给木尔侯爵当私人秘书后虽然还不时流露出平民阶级的思想意识，但在受到侯爵重用，征服玛特尔小姐后，于连的“平民阶级叛逆心”已消失。
他成了复辟王朝的忠实走卒。正当于连一步步走向他所向往的“光明”时，因枪击德·瑞那夫人而彻底断送了自己的前程，把自己送上了断头台。
作为一部优秀的批判现实主义小说，《红与黑》并没有从概念出发，将主人公于连图解成一个追求功利的符号。相反，。
2.求<<红与黑>>英文论文
Novels "Red" has been published about the history of 200 years, why, in this ever-changing 200 years of fiction can still enduring? The reason lies in the novel not only very successful in shaping the company's claim that highly era black color, but also has the distinct personality of artistic images, but also through leading character experience, and demonstrated French restoration dynasty period vast era painting scroll, then touched many acute social problems. Even leading character in the novel experience and reflects the experience of young petty bourgeoisie universal destiny. Even behave themselves in the USA, supercilious, enthusiasm, determination, but selfish, skeptical. In monks power elite, powerful family system stern feudal society, and discriminated against by birth civilians. Such oppression of the status of his growing discontent with the reality : the impact of Enlightenment thought and caught up in his anti-character. He decided to rely on individual talents like Napoleon, a meritorious, fine. But in restoration period, Napoleon-style rank of the Road has been closed by the elite class. On this rock beneath evergreen trees to grow along. In order to get even with her all the knowledge that worthless, yet the Latin of the "New Testament" back in verse. Recite his amazing ability to let him into the home of the mayor of Victoria Aguilar Ye Fall, when a family of teachers. In that period, he and Germany. Switzerland ambiguous relationship that Mrs. occurred, mostly in resistance and retaliation for his abuse of elite class. However, growing, were blinded by the upper class in society corrupts even the soul, he contributed to the upward desire and ambitions. Even in the dark terror seminary, witnessed manipulate strategically, reveals the ugly inside, so he offered a double-dealing tactics, such behaviour has been the duplicity of the table and patrons stare. Seminary life even further distorted in the character, and strengthen his climbing ambitions and hypocrisy style. In the company to log when the Private Secretary's marquis after exposing civilians, although not the class ideology, but by the marquis trusted, Miss conquest Mateer, even in the "civilian class treason heart" has disappeared. He became a faithful restoration dynasty pawns. As a step towards him in the company for the "bright", as a result of firing Germany and Switzerland that Mrs. complete ruin their future, their present a head. As a fine critical realism novels, the "Red" and not starting from the concept will even reach into a leading character in the pursuit of personal symbols. Instead, the author has given his deep sympathy to the people through the dedicated pursuit of lust and the pursuit of less than critical to the suffering of that era specific social realities, and this is the "force" has spread charm forever good reason. 小说《红与黑》出版至今已有200年左右的历史了，为什么在这风云变幻的200年中小说仍可以经久不衰？原因在于小说不仅十分成功地塑造了于连·索黑尔这个极富时代色彩，又具有鲜明个性的艺术形象，而且通过主人公的经历，展示了法国复辟王朝时期广阔的时代画卷，触及到当时许多尖锐的社会问题。
小说主人公于连的经历和遭遇反应了当时广大小资产阶级青年的普遍命运。于连生性聪颖、高傲、热情、坚毅，但又自私、多疑。
在僧侣贵族当政、门阀制度森严的封建社会，因出生平民而备受歧视。这种受压迫的地位使他滋长了对现实的不满情绪：启蒙思想和拿破仑的影响，培养了他的反搞性格。
他立志要像拿破仑那样靠个人才智建立功勋，飞黄腾达。但是在复辟时期，拿破仑式的晋身之道已被贵族阶层堵死了。
就在这样的岩石底下，一株小树弯弯曲曲地生长。于连为了博取大家用赏识，明知毫无价值，却还把拉丁文的《新约全书》背得滚瓜烂熟。
他那惊人的背诵能力让他跨进了维立叶尔市长家，当起家庭教师来。在那段时期，他与德.瑞那夫人发生了暧昧关系，大部分是为了反抗和报复贵族阶级对他的凌辱。
但是，纸醉金迷、利欲熏心的上流社会也腐蚀了于连的灵魂，助长了他向上爬的欲望和野心。 于连进入阴森恐怖的神学院后，亲眼目睹了勾心斗角、尔虞我诈的丑恶内幕，于是他便耍起了两面派手法，这种表里不一的行为居然得到院长的表睐和宠幸。
神学院的生活进一步扭曲了于连的性格，强化了他向上爬的野心和虚伪的作风。于连给木尔侯爵当私人秘书后虽然还不时流露出平民阶级的思想意识，但在受到侯爵重用，征服玛特尔小姐后，于连的“平民阶级叛逆心”已消失。
他成了复辟王朝的忠实走卒。正当于连一步步走向他所向往的“光明”时，因枪击德·瑞那夫人而彻底断送了自己的前程，把自己送上了断头台。
作为一部优秀的批判现实主义小说，《红与黑》并没有从概念出发，将主人公于连图解成一个追求功利的符号。相反，。
3.关于红与黑这部外国文学作品的论文
红与黑》是十九世纪法国批判现实主义小说家斯汤达的作 品， 只要是读过这本小说的人都不可能把小说中人物的个性， 言 谈举止从自己的脑海中赶出去。
这一切都不停的萦绕在他们的 脑际， 让他们去思索， 让他们浮想联翩。 所有的评论家一致肯定斯汤达深刻的反映了他的时代。
只 要看看小说的副标题“** 年记事”就可以体会到斯汤达和巴 尔扎克一样， 只是在自觉地为现代社会谱写历史。可是对大多数 的读者来说， 显然不是因为关心一百多年前的政治才喜欢《红与 黑》的。
人们真正感兴趣的是它的主人公于连·索雷尔。于连和 整个社会的环境的冲突， 他的野心， 抱负与孤军奋斗， 他对现实 的愤懑不平和报复性的反抗。
这才是小说扣人心弦的地方。离开 了于连的悲剧， 其他的一切对读者便毫无意义。
在体味着小说引人的情节， 在对主人公的命运经过迭荡的 推进而突然戛然而止于死亡而悲叹时， 人们不能不一再问到： “红”与“黑”究竟是什么？ 它的真正喻意是什么？ 对于这个问题， 一百年来文艺研究家进行无休止的争论， 一直没有一致的看法， 众说纷纭， 莫衷一是， 或者认为“红”指红色的军装， 代表军队； “黑”指教士的黑袍， 代表教会。或者认为“红”是指法国大革命和 拿破仑战争的英雄时代；“黑”是指复辟王朝的反动统治。
或者认 为“红”指以特殊方式反抗复辟制度的小资产阶级叛逆者于连； “黑”指包揽反动教会、贵族阶级和资产阶级在内的黑暗势力。有 人以“人性的深度”的角度认为红与黑是以“红”为象征的一种感 情力量和以“黑”为象征的另一种感情力量的拼搏。
还有人利用 拉康精神分析理论对《红与黑》中欲望主体和叙述结构的关系进 行剖析， 认为小说的主人公主体徘徊在“想象界”和“象征界”之 间。因此对小说书名的解释为“红”是想象界， 是缺失的母亲、血、生命律动之源， 是欲望本身的形象；“黑”是象征界， 是父亲、法律 制度、现实原则， 阉割、修道院、宗教之权威。
可以说是“仁者见 仁， 义者见义”， 当然无可非议， 这是所有可以被称作伟大小说的 共同品格。例如《红楼梦》， 有人读出了革命， 有人读出了政治， 有 人读出了爱情， 有人读出了人生等等。
透过《红与黑》的字里行间， 随着引人入胜的情节， 我们仔细 体味着之中所含的“红”与“黑”。我认为这个作品从开始、发展到 结束， 贯穿着三组“红”与“黑”的主线， 顺着这三组线索才能深刻 理解作者赋予这篇作品的深刻意义， 才能理解主人公短暂的一 生和他的命运。
第一组：“红”象征着拿破仑士兵的红军服；“黑”象征着教士 的黑色道袍。 第二组：“红”象征着于连·索雷尔追求的飞黄腾达；“黑”象 征着主人公结局的死亡。
第三组：“红”象征着教堂的圣水、死亡、子宫、于连的重生； “黑”同时象征着教堂、死亡、洞穴。 下面我们分组来解析其中的寓意。
第一组：“红”象征着拿破仑士兵的红军服；“黑”象征着教士 的黑色袍子 这是斯汤达本人在回答朋友的询问时的解释。在小说的开 始， 作者就给人们展示了表面虽然文弱但是心灵的深处， 有一团 火一样的进取力量， 一股往着高处涌流的狂奔不息的热血的于 连。
那么怎样才能出人头地呢？拿破仑士兵的红军服是他心中的 向往， 他们想自己像拿破仑那样年三十立功于战场而成为显赫 的将军。然而于连生不逢时， 在王政复辟时期， 平民甚至没有穿 上军制服的可能， 最好能够通向上层社会的途径就是当教士了。
当于连看到一个德高望重的老法官在一场无聊的纠纷中被一个 小小的教士所击败， 一个四十多岁的神甫就拿到三倍于拿破仑 麾下名将的薪俸， 他就不再提拿破仑的名字而发奋攻读神学了。 他想：“在一切事业里都需要聪明人……在拿破仑统治下， 我会 是一名军官， 在未来的神甫中， 我将是一名主教。”
因此，“红与 黑”在这里平行的， 都是于连新追求的飞黄腾达之路。 第二组：“红”象征着于连索雷尔的追求的飞黄腾达；“黑”象 征着主人公的结局 要理解这一组， 笔者认为应从以下三个方面理解。
1. 从小说的创作原意 值得注意的是， 斯汤达为什么在小说里使他的主人公这样 一个“才智之士”， 这样一个充满理想而处事慎重、谨慎的青年的 结局以悲剧告终， 而不是塑造一个成功者形象呢？我认为这就是 斯汤达没有解释完的书名的喻意， 也就是“红”象征着于连的追 求；“黑”象征着死亡。在这里“红”与“黑”不是平行的， 而是对立 的矛盾。
要理解这一组， 应该从以下两个方面入手。 一是作者将拿破仑士兵的红色军装和教士的黑袍子这一 “红”——“黑”作为主人公于连所追求的梦想， 不仅仅是因为作 者曾经十七岁就投入军界， 三次随拿破仑远征欧洲， 亲身参加过 朗戈战役、耶拿战役， 曾经进驻米兰……他是同时代作家中唯一 真正了解拿破仑时代的人。
而时过境迁， 教士是一个能实现于连 野心的职业。 若想细致入微的理解斯汤达的作品， 必须先了解他的内心， 斯汤达的内心并非原动力旺盛， 充满志趣。
由于天赋与志趣自身 只不过是一些笼统的东西， 所以他所迷恋的是一些空洞形式， 也 就是说没有明确和具体的东西， 由于缺乏那种功利。
4.英语专业本科毕业论文选题如何
英语专业本科毕业论文选题方向A 英国文学（英国文学的文化研究、作品分析等）；国别文学研究和地域文学研究文学流派研究 （如：浪漫主义，现实主义，自然主义，超现实主义，存在主义，黑色幽默，意识流，女性主义文学等）作家研究和文本分析 中外比较文学研究 B 美国文学（美国文学的文化研究、作品分析等）；国别文学研究和地域文学研究文学流派研究 （如：浪漫主义，现实主义，自然主义，超现实主义，存在主义，黑色幽默，意识流，女性主义文学等）作家研究和文本分析 中外比较文学研究 C西方文化（英美加澳新等西方国家文化以及与汉文化的比较研究）；文化与外语学习中西方文化比较地域文化研究 （如：“美国60年代的摇滚学--社会的晴雨表”） D语言学（语言学一般理论的研究）；语言学研究 （如：语言研究，文字研究，词汇研究，短语和句子研究，语篇研究，语言与文化等）E教学法（英语教学法、测试学等方面的研究）；语言教学研究，教学法研究，教学方法和技巧研究 （如：语言研究与语言习惯，测试与评估研究，课堂教学管理研究，教育技术的使用与开展研究）英语学习个体差异研究 （如：不同性格的学生的口语能力有何不同？）F翻译学（翻译理论与实践探讨、译本研究以及名家名著翻译作品对比研究等）；翻译学理论研究翻译方法个案研究 （如：“从海明威的短篇小说《一个干净、的地方》看简洁句的翻译”）中外翻译比较G 商务英语国际贸易与实务等旅游与旅游管理等H其它类其他 （如：国际关系类论文等）附：英语专业论文参考选题（以下选题仅供参考，毕业论文题目的最终确立请与指导教师认真磋商。
）1。 A Brief Analysis of the Heroine Personality in Jane Eyre 《简爱》的主人翁个性分析2。
A Brief Comment on O'Henry Short Stories 亨利的短篇小说述评3。 A Comment on Hardy's Fatalism 评哈代的宿命论4。
A Comparison between the Themes of Pilgrimage to the West and Pilgrim's Progress 《西游记》与《天路历程》主题的比较5。 A Probe into the Feminist Idea of Jane Eyre 《简爱》男女平等思想的探索6。
A Study of Native American Literature 美国本土文学的研究7。 A Study of Student-Centered English Vocabulary Teaching 以学生为中心的英语词汇教学8。
A Study of the Translation of Sports Terms 体育专有名词的翻译 9。 A Study of Transitional Words and Expressions 过渡词及表达法的研究10。
About the Breaking of American Dream from the Great Gatsby 从《了不起的盖茨比》看美国梦的破碎11。 About the Quality-oriented Education in English Language Teaching 英语教学中的素质教育12。
About Transform of Parts of Speech in Translation 论翻译中词性的转换13。 Application of English Idioms in Daily Life 英语习语在日常生活中的运用14。
Body Language Difference in Meaning in Cross-cultural Communication 体态语在跨文化交际中的意义差异15。 Characterization in Charles Dickens' Novels 狄更斯小说中的人物塑造16。
Choice of Correct Words in Translation在翻译中如何准确选词17。 Comment on Bernard Shaw's Dramatic Art 评肖伯纳的戏剧艺术18。
Comparing First and Second Language Acquisitions 二语习得与母语的比较研究19。 Cross-culture Failures by Chinese learners of English中国英语学习者跨文化交际中的误区20。
Cultural Differences and Idiomatic Expressions in Translation 论翻译中的文化差异及习惯表达法21。 Cultural Factors and Limitations in Translation 翻译的文化因素局限性22。
Developing Students' Cultural Awareness through Foreign Language Teaching通过外语教学培养学生的文化意识23。 Dialectics in Translation 翻译中的辩证法24。
Differences between Audio-lingual Method and Functional Approach 听说法与交际法的区别25。 Effects of Learner's Motivation in Foreign Language Learning 外语学习中学习动机的影响26。
English Classroom Teaching: Teacher-dominant or Student-centered 英语课堂教学——教师主宰还是学生中心27。 Error Analysis in English Learning as a Foreign Language 英语学习中的错误分析研究28。
Euphemistic Expressions in Foreign Affairs 外事用语中的委婉表达29。 Features of Network English 网络英语的特点30。
Food Culture in America and China 中美饮食文化比较31。 How to Appreciate English Prose: Traditional and Modern Ways 如何欣赏英语散文——传统与现代方法比较32。
Humor and Satire in Pride and Prejudice 《傲慢与偏见》的幽默与讽刺33。 Influence of Mark Twain's Works in China 马克吐温的作品在中国的影响34。
Influence of Science and Technology on English Vocabulary 科学技术对英语词汇的影响35。 Information Theory and Translation 信息论与翻译36。
Inter-Translation of English and Chinese Proverbs 英汉谚语的互译37。 Jane Austen and the Heroine in Pride and 。
5.《红与黑》英文简介
1楼网址上的英文简介文理不通，是机器翻译的啊。
晕。【内容介绍】 The Red and the Black has been hailed as the first great 'realist'novel of the nineteenth century, offering a lively and detailed picture of social and political life in the provinces and in Paris towards the end of the 1820s, the close of the stifling reactionary period of the Bourbon Restoration. Stendhal himseff claimed that no one before him had ventured to portray with such verisimilitude the 'moral and morose" France of 1830. However, 'moral and morose' his novel is definitely not. Ironic, fast-moving, entertaining and incisive in its social criticism, it is a novel of ambition and passion, of indignation and tenderness, of polemic and poetry, which speaks to us today, as clearly as it did to the author's contemporaries, of the heights, depths and idiocies of which our human nature is capable or culpable. 这个应该没问题，就是太简略了点，看看是否合用吧。
6.红与黑内容摘要 急用
Hale claims the son of a carpenter in the company, as proficient in Latin, was selected as mayor of home tutor. He was about eighteen-year-old, frail man looks handsome, two big black eyes. In the quiet, the eyes shot fire, the brilliant general, but also like deliberation and explore the way, but the moment, but also reveals the terrible hatred, because of his holding the book tightly all day, do not want to live effort, which was family's dislike and resentment, often beaten by his father and two brothers. His worship of Napoleon crazy hours, like Napoleon, Shen Pei long sword, to do the masters of the world. That Napoleon "by both a humble and poor junior officer, he Shenpei the sword alone, they do the masters of the world." But then he wanted to be a priest, because "now we see the priest about four years old can get a hundred thousand francs for salaries. This means that they can get a hundred thousand francs, three times in the hands of Napoleon's famous general revenue. "So he cast thanks to the priests of the sects silang, from theology to study. He relied on striking a good memory to a Latin "Bible" all back down, this sensation of the whole city.。
7.用英语简概红与黑的内容
如果简单讲就是：It chronicles the attempts of a provincial young man to rise socially beyond his modest upbringing through a combination of talent, hard work, deception, and hypocrisy—yet who ultimately allows his passions to betray him.但是两本书的具体一点儿的介绍就是：Book I presents Julien Sorel, the ambitious son of a carpenter in the fictional village of Verrières, in Franche-Comté， France. He would rather read and daydream about the glory days of Napoleon's long-disbanded army than work his father's timber business with his brothers, who beat him for his . He becomes an acolyte of the abbé Chélan, the local Catholic prelate, who later secures him a job tutoring the children of Monsieur de Rênal, the mayor of Verrières. Although he appears to be a pious, austere cleric, Julien is uninterested in the Bible beyond its literary value and how he can use memorised passages (learnt in Latin) to impress important people.He enters a love affair with Monsieur de Rênal's wife, which ends when it is revealed to the village by her chambermaid, Elisa, who is also in love with Julien. The abbé Chélan orders Julien to a seminary in Besançon, which he finds intellectually stifling and pervaded with social cliques. The initially cynical seminary director, the abbé Pirard (a Jansenist even more hated than Jesuits within the diocese), likes Julien and becomes his protector. Disgusted by the Church's political machinations, the abbé Pirard leaves the seminary, first rescuing Julien from the persecution he would have suffered as his protégé， by recommending him as private secretary to the diplomat Marquis de la Mole, a Roman Catholic legitimist.Book II takes place in the years leading up to the July Revolution of 1830. During this time Julien Sorel lives in Paris as an employee of the de la Mole family. Despite his moving among high society and his intellectual talents, the family and their friends condescend to Julien for being an uncouth plebeian. Meanwhile, Julien is acutely aware of the materialism and hypocrisy that permeate the Parisian élite, and that the counter-revolutionary temper of the time renders it impossible for even well-born men of superior intellect and æsthetic sensibility to participate in the nation's public affairs.The Marquis de la Mole takes Julien to a secret meeting, then despatches him on a dangerous mission to communicate a letter (Julien has it memorised) to the Duc d'Angouleme, who is exiled in England; however, the callow Julien is mentally distracted by an unsatisfying love affair, and thus only learns the message by rote, missing its political significance as a legitimist plot. Unwittingly, he risks his life in service to the right-wing monarchists he most opposes; to himself, he rationalises these actions as merely helping the Marquis, his employer, whom he respects.Meanwhile, the Marquis's bored daughter, Mathilde de la Mole, has become emotionally torn between her romantic attraction to Julien, for his admirable personal and intellectual qualities, and her social repugnance at becoming sexually intimate with a lower-class man. At first, he finds her unattractive, but his interest is piqued by her attentions and the admiration she inspires in others; twice, she seduces and rejects him, leaving him in a miasma of despair, self-doubt, and happiness (for having won her over her aristocratic suitors). Only during his secret mission does he gain the key to winning her affections: a cynical jeu d'amour (game of love) taught to him by Prince Korasoff, a Russian man-of-the-world. At great emotional cost, Julien feigns indifference to Mathilde, provoking her jealousy with a sheaf of love-letters meant to woo Madame de Fervaques, a widow in the social circle of the de la Mole family. Consequently, Mathilde sincerely falls in love with Julien, eventually revealing to him that she carries his child; despite this, whilst he is on diplomatic mission in England, she becomes officially engaged to Monsieur de Croisenois, an amiable, rich young man, heir to a duchy.Learning of Julien's romantic liaison with Mathilde, the Marquis de la Mole is angered, but relents before her determination and his affection for Julien, and bestows upon Julien an income-producing property attached to an aristocratic title, and a military commission in the army. Although ready to bless their marriage, he changes his mind after receiving the reply to a character-reference-letter he wrote to the abbé Chélan, Julien's previous employer in the village of Verrières; the reply letter, written by Madame de Rênal—at the urging of her confessor priest—warns the Marquis that Julien Sorel is a social-。
8.大学本科英语专业毕业论文
英语专业毕业论文-英语委婉语的交际功能 摘要 委婉语是人类使用语言过程中的一种普遍现象。
它不仅是一种社会语言现象，更是一种文化现象。不管是在日常生活还是在涉外交际中，我们都要进行语言交流。
由于某些生活习惯或习俗差异，以及不同文化背景的社会具有不同的忌讳，这时我们就必须学会使用委婉语以避免尴尬或不愉快。所以本文从语言学的角度，试图通过具体的例子来探究在特定的语言环境下英语委婉语的交际功能。
只有认知委婉语在不同背景、不同环境下的使用方式，才能够调整好礼貌程度，从而把给对方的伤害降到最低限度，达到成功的交际目的。委婉语可以反映出各种各样的社会心理，从而也体现出了委婉语的各种社会交际功能。
委婉语在各个领域都有广泛的应用，对于我们学好英语，进行有效的跨文化交际有很大的帮助。 关键词：委婉语；功能；忌讳；交际 Communicative Function of English Euphemism Abstract Euphemism is a common phenomenon when people use language, which is not only a social language phenomenon, but it is also a cultural phenomenon. We all need to communicate in our daily life or in diplomacy. However, because of the difference of life habit or custom and the taboo of different culture, we must learn to use Euphemism to avoid embarrassment or unhappiness. Therefore, through linguistic facet, this paper tries to research into communicative function of English Euphemism in certain language condition by special examples. Only when can we know how to make use of Euphemism in different background and environment, we can use the proper Euphemism to minimize hurt to people and to achieve the purpose of effective communicative Euphemism reflects all kinds of social mentality and social communicative function. Euphemism is also widely used in every field, so it is good for us to study English and do effective multi-cultural intercommunication. Key words: euphemism; function; taboo; intercommunication 委婉语（Euphemism）一词源自希腊语的前缀eu=well 和词根pheme=speaking。
根据《英语委婉语详解词典》的定义，委婉语是一种用无害的或悦耳的词语替代那些较直接的、唐突的言词，用善意的话语把事实掩盖起来的修饰手段。它不仅是一种社会语言现象，更是一种文化现象。
随着社会的进步，人类文明的发展，委婉语始终伴随着整个社会的言语交际过程，且充分显示了它的交际功能。委婉语在各个领域都有广泛的应用，所以委婉语的交际功能的了解对于我们学好英语，进行有效的跨文化交际有很大的帮助。
一. 避讳功能 由于人对于某些事物或现象的恐惧，在语言表达时不愿言、不敢言，但有时又不得不表达出此种意思，于是人们便学会用委婉语来代替。 各个民族中对于“死”的说法都有各自的委婉语。
讲英语的国家的人们和许多民族一样，忌讳直接说英语中的“死”也有多种表现形式。例如：人们常用“去了”（to pass away）， “离别了”（to depart）， “离开了我们”（to leave us）， “睡着了”（to go to sleep）， “去天国”（to go to heaven）， “最后一觉”（final sleep），得到安息 （to have found rest）等词来代替说某人“死了”（to die）。
疾病，在医学不发达的过去，许多疾病就是死亡的代名词，因此，人们对疾病这个话题是忌讳的。例如：说look off color（颜色不好）实指身体有病；现代医学常以缩略词代替病名的全称，这样就既避免了人们不愿提及的词语，又可以表达人们所要表明的内容。
“如“癌症”（cancer）改用terminally ill.人们常用一些缩略语来避免直接谈论某一疫病，如“艾滋病”是AIDS( Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)， “癌症”是Capital Letter C (Cancer)， “性病”是VD(venereal disease)， “非典型性肺炎”是SARS(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromes)。”[1]P.57 “To be hanged death（被绞死）可以说成doing a dance in mid-air（在半空中跳舞）；电刑处决可以说成to get a permanent wave（电烫波浪发型）；commit suicide（自杀）则可以说成to die by one's own hand（死于自己之手）、to drain the cup of life（饮尽生命之酒），而lover's leap（情人之跳）则指因失恋而自杀；安乐死被称为mercy stroke（慈悲的一击）、to put somebody out of his mystery（使某人脱离痛苦）等，而委婉说法old Newton took him（牛顿万有引力把他带走了）；则指坠机身亡。”
[2]P.108 二. 避俗功能 语言是进行思想交流的工具。人们在进行交流时，会因时、因地、因人、因事而不便直接表达自己的意思，比如说人体的某些部位（如生殖器）、性行为、大小便、生育等等，如果直言不讳的表达，往往会让人感觉很不舒服，受话者也会觉得对方很粗俗，没涵养。
所以，英语中就产生了很多委婉的表达来化解这种尴尬。 后面还有 要就加我吧。
9.英语专业毕业论文
英语专业毕业论文分为好几类，比如有文学方面的，商务英语方面的，教学法方面，语言学方面，文化方面的，翻译方面的等等。
每个方向有各自的写作要求，但都包括Title, Abstract, Introduction, Body, Conclusion,Notes, Bibliography, Acknowledgement。当然，在写之前还要写选题报告，开题报告还有结题报告。
写文学方面的要看英文原著，当然也可搜索大量资料，但要想写出好的文章得到高分必须要Do it by yourself. 还有我想说的是论文最好提早下手，这样才可以有大量时间不断的修改。 总之，要写出好论文就得多用心，多找资料，多跟论文导师交流，多看，多写。
10.英语专业毕业论文选题
我才写完毕业论文，简直是折磨！我把我们系的题目给你，参考看看吧。我写的是文化类的。其实文学和文化类要比翻译和教育类好写得多，网上可以找到的参考资料也多。
英美人文和历史研究：
1，从跨文化的角度谈汉英思维及表达方式的差异
2，论美国垮掉的一代
3，美国牛仔的成功之路
4，文艺复兴在英国文学史中的作用
5，跨文化交际中英汉礼貌与面子
6，中西方饮食文化的对比研究
7，西方节日的变迁及文化内涵
8，电影《喜福会》所表现的中西方文化差异（我就是这个题目）
9，中美教育制度及教育理念的对比研究
10，英汉称谓的差异及其文化内涵
11，希腊神话对英美文化的影响
12，英汉商标对英美文化的影响
13，英语习语与西方文化
14，浅谈英美姓氏的起源及文化内涵
15，中美高等教育大众化路径的比较
16，《阿甘正传》承载的美国青年文化
17，《阿甘正传》美国传统价值观的呼唤与回归
18，浅谈美国文化中的实用主义
19，论美国宗教与政治
20，《圣经》的文学性及其对中西文学的影响评述
选题注意事项：
1，选你自己感兴趣的题目，毕业论文是个浩大的工程，要是不能写自己想写的，相信我，在这漫长的写作时间里，你会相当痛苦的。
2，题目不能太大，也不能太小，否则不好驾驭。最好是那种“从小角度看大问题”的题目。例如，我写喜福会这部电影，电影体现了中美文化差异，分别有婚姻观，家庭教育观等。但是我以一部电影为出发点，这个角度就比较小。话说中西方文化的差异实在太多了，但是我只从喜福会这部电影出发，所以范围就缩小了。再者，没什么人写这个电影，所以也不容易和别人雷同，不是被写滥了的题目。
3，这个题目是好找资料的，毕竟是本科论文，不是研究生或是博士的论文，写作水平有限，平时最多写写几百字的作文忽然要写几千字，想必是非常困难的。所以内容不可能完完全全出自“自己”，于是就要大量的从网上，参考书上，图书馆搬来。所以最好就是找参考资料比较多的题目，切忌是参考，不是照搬，可以PARAPHRASE里面的内容到自己的论文。
差不多就这些了，我觉得这几点是最重要的，如果你有几个拿不定主意的题目，可以找论文指导老师问问看，当时我开笔写论文前，都找老师问了，老师比较有经验，他应该可以给你很多建议。
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