众文网1.商务英语的毕业论文
提供一些商务英语专业毕业论文的题目，供参考。
1. 《影响中国学生英语口语流利性的障碍研究》
2. 《跨文化交际中英语口语能力的培养》
3. 《商务英语的特点及翻译技巧》
4. 《商务英语函电在对外贸易中的作用》
5. 《单证员/报关员/跟单员等在国际贸易中的地位》
6. 《商务英语函电翻译技巧》
7. 《商务谈判中英语的重要性》
8. 《浅谈出口结汇风险的防范》
9. 《中国退税制度的改革及其影响》
10. 《商标名称的翻译与策略》
11. 《外贸企业信用风险管理与控制》
12. 《2007年外资银行在我国本土注册探讨》
13. 《我国利用国际贷款/国际援助现状分析》
14. 《WTO与我国反倾销探讨》
15. 《我国对外直接投资之现状》
16. 《内陆地区对外贸易发展策略研究》
17. 《中印两国两国对外贸易战略分析》
18. 《人民币升值对我国出口贸易的影响》
19. 《浅谈商务英语写作时避免修饰语错位的方法 》
20. 《商务函电翻译的用词技巧》
21. 《外商直接在华投资探讨》
22. 《社会文化迁移对中国式英语的影响》
23. 《我国外贸出口品牌战略的实施与研究》
24. 《商务英语专业口语课程教学探讨》
25. 《入世对我国农产品贸易的影响与对策研究》
26. 《应对经济全球化，加快我国企业跨国经营》
27. 《英语写作中常见中式英语分析》
28. 《入世商务英语写作的研究》
29. 《制单工作在国际结算中的地位》
30. 《关税壁垒与非关税壁垒探讨》
31. 《浅谈实质利益谈判法》
32. 《国际电子商务发展面临的新问题》
33. 《学生商务英语写作中的错误与商务英语写作教学之间的关系》
34. 《大学生在运用定语从句时常见错误及分析其原因》
35. 《跨国公司在华扩张模式透析》
36. 《汉译英中遇到新词语的译法问题》
37. 英汉互译中词义的不对应（文化意义、风格意义、修辞意义等）
38. 形象语在写作中的修辞效果
39. 形象语在英汉诗歌互译中处理手段上的差异
40. 我国中小企业开拓国际市场之探讨
41. "10+1"自由贸易区未来前景展望
42. 汉语中新词汇的翻译技巧
43. 商务英语的特征与翻译
44. 珠江三角洲外贸现状及存在的问题
45. 南昌现利用外资纵谈
46. 广州/深圳等地区三资企业结构分析
47. 浅谈广州等地区外贸企业的困境与出路
2.商务英语专业的毕业论文应该写哪些方面的??
商务英语语用失误及其文化解读 摘要：商务英语写作是一种跨文化交际技能。
一些作者写作时往往参照汉语商务文化及语用规则进 行思维表达，造成不同程度的语用失误，影响国际商务活动的正常开展。本文从中英文化视角对部分商 务英语语用失误作对比分析，认为商务英语信函写作教学不能与商务文化脱节，既要教会学生掌握英语 表达技能，还要教会他们掌握商务英语的文化内涵及其语用规则，才能使学生胜任跨文化商务英语沟通 工作。
关键词：商务写作；语用失误；跨文化交际 一般人认为，只要掌握好商务英语专业知识和基 本写作技巧，就能够完全胜任涉外商务工作。其实事 情并非如此简单。
如果作者不了解英汉商务文化的语 境差异及其语用规则，信函写作有可能出现各种意想 不到的语用失误，影响商务活动的正常开展。但是， 由于商务英语语用失误十分微妙，不像语法或语义失 误那样容易识别，所以一般很难引起人们的注意和重 视。
因此，英语函电写作教学重语言能力训练（可 能是无意识地），轻商务英语文化意识和语用能力培 养的现象还比较普遍。以往人们对商务英语写作失误 的研究一般停留在语言形式和写作方法的层面上，到 目前为止还很少见到从文化层面探讨商务英语写作语用 失误现象的文章。
笔者认为，只有从文化层面而不是 单纯从语言形式平面对这些语用失误现象进行剖析， 才能透过表层的语言现象了解作者语用失误的心理文化 取向及其思维轨迹。这对提高商务英语写作教学质 量，增强学生的商务英语文化意识和语用能力将有一 定的帮助。
一、商务语用失误与文化心理差异 谈到英语语用失误，有必要涉及语用学 （Prag m atics）这一重要的语言学分支。它是20世纪 70至80年代由西方学者们建立和发展起来的一门独立 的新学科，是研究在不同的交际环境下如何正确地理 解和运用语言的一门学问。
以往人们只是关注语言的形式或功能，即重视语 言的语法和语义功能的研究。[1]但是使用语言不只是讲 究遣词造句的正误问题，更重要的是语言使用是否合 适、得体。
本文中的语用失误是指交际者使用的语言 不合适、不得体，带有明显的汉语言文化思维特征和 语用特征。语言与文化密不可分，而文化与哲学更是 紧密相连。
两者都给民族的思维模式、语言行为以及 其深刻的影响。探讨商务英语语用失误现象，不可不涉及与民族文化有着千丝万缕联系的传统语言哲学观和 英汉两种语言的文化属性。
从语言哲学视角看，中国语言哲学观是治世的， 旨在通过治世达到“天人合一、言行合一”。[2]道家 和儒家思想主张人应“……不言而善应”、“慎言、戒言”等。
西方哲学和语言观是创世的，其文化偏 爱语言行为，相信其创造力。以个体本位为取向的西 方文化认为语言是延伸自我、改造他人的工具，所以 西方人惯于表现自己，说话直截了当，愿意表达内心 世界，反映了西方人以自我为本位的行为价值观。
而 以群体价值观为取向的中国人往往性格内敛，说话委 婉含蓄，不轻易表露内心世界，很少与人对立，反 映了中国人的中庸处世之道。显然，人的语言行为特 征除了有先天秉赋因素外，传统文化对人的处世态度 和语言行为有着十分重要的影响。
从语言文化属性看，中国文化属于人文文化， 西方文化属于科学文化。中国文化重综合、轻分 析，重意会、轻言传。
科学文化重物质、轻人伦、重分析、轻综合，重概念、忌笼统，价值取向以 功利为本位。[3]人文文化和科学文化在思维方式上的 主要差别表现在以下几方面： 首先，中国人重直觉与具象，西方人重理性与 逻辑，在语言上表现为汉语词汇的形象性和英语词汇 的功能性。
第二，中国人重整体，西方人重个体， 这表现在汉语词汇意义一般比较笼统，英语词义一般 比较具体。汉语表意比较模糊，英语表意比较准确。
第三，汉语重意念，英语重形式，这主要表现在汉 语句子衔接靠语义逻辑，而英语则重视句子形式上的 衔接。英汉心理文化的差异对语言的影响无所不在， 给跨文化交际造成了不少障碍。
二、商务英语语用失误的心理文化剖析 商务英语属于专门用途英语（English for Special Purposes），其语言有着鲜明的行业性特点和独特的语 体风格。英汉两种语言根植于不同的文化土壤。
其差 异不仅表现在思维表达方式上，而且表现在受隐性文 化制约的语用交际规则上。学习者在尚未意识到这种 文化差异的存在或没有掌握其特定文化语境下的语用规 则的情况下，很可能不自觉地参照汉语文化语境和语 用规则进行写作思维和表达，结果会犯各种难以察觉 的语用失误。
文化因素造成的英语表达汉化现象是多 层次性的。它们可以出现在商务英语表达的各个层 面，包括词汇层、句子层、段落乃至篇章层。
笔者 择其一二，略加分析。 1.人称使用不当 文化对语言的影响无所不在。
在英汉语中，即 使是很普通的人称指示代词，使用规则也不尽相 同。[4]统计资料表明，汉语使用第一人称和第二人称 代词比英语多，而英语第三人称的使用频率比汉语要 高。
这反映出英汉民族微妙的心理文化差异。中国人 的交际和关注对象更多集中在“我”和“你”之间， 谈论第三者则相对少一些。
这反映了一。
3.给一篇2000以上商务英语毕业论文
The Impact of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems on Management Accounting: An Australian Study Abstract Information technology is significantly changing the operating practices of an increasing number of companies globally. These developments have important implications for the accounting profession and in particular accounting practices in the twenty-first century. This study examines the development of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems as a means of illustrating how changes in information technology allows all systems in a company to be linked to manage operations holistically. The study investigates the change in accounting systems using a sample of Australian companies with emphasis on the adoption of ERP systems including the potential impact of ERP on capital budgeting processes. The results show that ERP systems are changing management accounting practices, although at this stage, the impact on capital budgeting techniques appears to be limited. The findings contribute to the emerging body of literature on the development of ERP systems and its impact on management accounting teaching and research. Key words: Management accounting, capital budgeting, enterprise resource planning systems, information technology. 1. Introduction During the past decade an increasing number of companies have been impacted by information technology in terms of computerized transaction processing and electronic telecommunications such as that done with the Internet, intranet, and extranet. For competitive reasons, companies have had to change from manual and then mainframe systems to what has been called enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. An ERP system has a common database or data warehouse that links together all systems in all parts of a company including, for example, capital budgeting with financial, control, manufacturing, sales, fixed assets, inventory, human resources modules, etc. An ERP system, by linking all systems through a data warehouse, allows a company to manage its operations holistically. A second impact of ERP systems has been a general shift to manage at the activity level rather than at the more abstract level of financial transactions. This means that management accounting, with its focus on activities, can be most effective when it is used with ERP systems to incorporate the activity level for costing and performance measurement. To be effective an ERP system will contain an extensive chart of accounts or codes for activities such as accurate recording and tracking of activities, revenues and costs. The coding incorporates stable entities of a business, such as divisions, plants, stores, and warehouses. At a detailed level there are codes for functions such as finance, production, sales, marketing, and materials management. There are also the traditional financial account codes such as assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses, and the central ERP feature of coding processes, activities, and sub-activities. There must be consistent coding among all parts of a company in order for them to relate to one another. As the ERP system incorporates activities in terms of quantities of resources, including labour, a record of resource use is maintained. Therefore, performance can be measured in physical terms and compared to standards, which allows for the calculation of variances. This performance measurement at the activity level serves as a feedback system on efficiency and effectiveness. The confusion from abstract monetary measures is erased, and what is actually happening with the conversion of resources into goods and services can be seen. ERP systems have the potential to change management ccounting systems with more detailed, more integrated, and faster produced information. To date the research on the impact of ERP systems on management accounting can best be described as preliminary. It has involved case studies of one or two companies at a time and some field studies. The findings from these studies have been largely anecdotal. Also, some have been deductive in that arguments based on ERP attributes have been made on how management accounting should be affected. For instance, in a field study, Cook et al. (2000) described activity-based capital budgeting at a division of a US telecommunications company. The findings from Cook et al.'s field work suggests that ERP systems can increase the effectiveness of capital budgeting by anchoring financial numbers to activities rather than stopping at monetary measures with pre-ERP practices. The 。
4.求商务英语论文(英文论文)一篇
Derivatives, as financial instruments, have gained an increasingly important role to the financial status of big companies around the globe. Their importance can be primarily illustrated by the huge development of the derivatives exchange markets in the most developed countries, with banks usually being at the centre of trading of these powerful financial tools. The very essence of their importance lies to the fact that companies can use them to reduce uncertainty or risk that stems from entrepreneurial activities. Financial managers use derivatives to understand the risks that their firms are exposed to daily and thus are able to pursue higher returns, given the fact that higher returns impose higher risks. The management of high risks enables companies to reduce the danger of financial losses and in the same time achieve higher returns. The extended use of derivatives can also attribute further benefits to the financial position of firms by improving several other corporate actions like cheaper borrowing, tax planning and ensuring safer loan payback. However, derivatives' trading has been a cause for huge corporate losses for many companies, the financial management of which ignored the high risks involved in the use of those financial instruments. This essay will attempt to examine the ways in which companies can use derivatives to modify their financial position.A derivative (or derivative security) can be defined as a tradable asset whose intrinsic value depends on or derives from the value of an underlying asset (like shares or bonds), a commodity (like oil or gold) or an abstract measure (like interest rates or indexes). This dependency of the derivatives' value is the reason why they are also called contingent claims. This last definition of derivatives describes accurately their nature of being an exercisable right or obligation rather than a tradable good. This right or obligation is the exact legal contract that acquires value like a real asset, and therefore can be traded. People have implemented derivatives, as legal contracts, since ancient times, although their systematic use and trading began in the late nineteenth century. However, the past thirty years witnessed a massive growth in the volume of derivatives' trading. Nowadays, derivative markets account for a significant amount of the world financial exchange system, and their types and use keeps developing and adapting to the different financial needs of the various industries. Common types of derivatives are options, futures, forwards, forward rate agreements and swaps, while other less common types are caps, floors, exotic options, Over-The Counter (OTCs) and exchange-traded derivatives. A brief description of the most common derivatives is given below.An option is a contractual agreement that the gives the right and not the obligation in one party to buy or sell an underlying commodity or asset at a given price anytime during a pre-specified period of time. At the end of the pre-specified period this right can be exercised or not, according to the option's holder needs, thus the name of the derivative. If an option gives the buyer the right to purchase an asset (a number of shares for example) at a given price during a time period, this option is called call option. By the end of the period the right expires and after that date the option loses its value. On the contrary, if a similar contract gives the buyer the right to sell an asset (at an agreed price and up to a given date), it is then called put option. Call and Put options enable their holders to make profits, reducing the uncertainty of the future value of the underlying asset because they can be tradable at any time before the expiry date. If the underlying asset is a share index like FTSE 100, S&P 500 etc. then the purchased right is called index option.Futures are also contractual agreements between two parties to buy or sell an asset at a specific time and a pre-specified price. However, a future represents an obligation, not a right, to proceed in the specific transaction, thus neither of the two parties can back away once the agreement is made (or the future is purchased). Thus a holder of a future buys the obligation of the other party and not the right, as in options. However, futures are tradable derivatives and are exchanged in a regulated market, like options. This characteristic allows their holders to change their position, according to the change of the underlying asset value through time before the date of the contracted transaction. However, they are very standardised and so they might not be very attractive to companies with specific financial needs. A future having as 。
5.商务英语毕业论文?
英语饮料广告中的语用预设研究 字数：4962.页数：17 论文编号：YY217 AbstractAdvertising language has received a thorough study from different aspects. With the development of linguistics, the studies on advertising language are inclined to the relationship between language and context. In this case, pragmatic presupposition appears to be the very tool for its sensitive nature to context. In addition, common ground and appropriateness of pragmatic presupposition also make great contribution to the concise and economical advertisement. However, other properties like one-sidedness, subjectivity and latency are equally noticed. Proper exploitation of these features may develop useful market strategies. Therefore, it is of great significance to study advertising language from pragmatic presupposition perspective.The thesis focuses on the phenomenon of pragmatic presupposition in English advertisement for beverage. Based on the foundational theory, the classifications and functions of pragmatic presupposition are exposed by qualitative study method. Meanwhile, a case study is conducted to tentatively explore the distribution and frequency of each type by quantitative analysis. Research findings show that pragmatic presupposition occurs in 94% of the collected 100 drinks advertisements; the state presupposition accounts for the largest percentage (40%) among all five classifications , followed by belief presupposition, behavior presupposition, existential presupposition and fact presupposition, for 22%, 14%, 13%, 5% respectively.Key Words: advertising language pragmatic presupposition function classifications description 摘要广告语言的研究一直以来都备受各个领域学者们的青睐。
在语言学领域，语言学的发展使得广告语言的研究逐渐趋向于语言与语境的关系的研究。于是，对语境敏感的语用预设便成为了分析广告语言的理想工具。
语用预设的共知性和合适性简化了广告的语言，节省了广告的费用。另外，语用预设本身还具有单向性、主观性和隐蔽性。
巧妙运用这些特征可以衍生出有效的广告撰写策略。因此，从语用预设的视角研究广告语言是很有意义的。
本文主要致力于研究英文饮料广告语言的语用预设现象。作者以语用预设作为研究基本理论，结合定性研究和定量研究方法，通过分析语用预设在饮料广告中的类型和功能，同时对各预设类型在英文广告中的分布和出现频率也进行调查研究，力图探讨语用预设在英文饮料广告中运用的深度和广度。
调查结果发现：语用预设在英文饮料广告中的运用程度极高，在收集的100条广告语中呈现出94%的高频率。与此同时，状态预设在五种语用预设类型中出现的频率最高，达到40%。
其余的信仰预设、行为预设、存在预设和事实预设分别占22%、14%、13%和5%。 关键词：广告语 语用预设 功能 分类描写 目录Abstract 。
..1摘要。
.2Chapter 1 Introduction。
3Chapter 2 Literature Review 。
.42.1 Previous studies on pragmatic presupposition abroad 。
42.2 Previous studies on pragmatic presupposition at home。
.. 5Chapter 3 Theoretical Foundations。
..63.1 The definitions of pragmatic presupposition 。
..63.2 The characteristics of pragmatic presupposition。
. 73.2.2 Subjectivity。
..73.2.3 Latency 。
73.3 The classifications of pragmatic presupposition in print advertisement language 83.3.1 Existential presupposition 。
83.3.2 Fact presupposition。
. 83.3.3 State presupposition。
.93.3.4 Belief alue presupposition。
93.3.5 Behavior presupposition。
103.4 Functions of pragmatic presupposition in drink advertisement language。
103.4.1 Concise function。
.103.4.2 Euphemism function 。
.113.4.3 Persuasive function 。
11Chapter 4 Case Study。
114.1 Research aims 。
..114.2 Data collection。
.124.3 Data analysis 。
..124.3.1 Statistic numbers 。
..124.3.2 Analysis findings。
14Chapter 5 Conclusion 。
..155.1 General summary 。
155.2 Limitations of present study 。
..。
6.商务英语毕业论文范文
英语饮料广告中的语用预设研究 字数：4962.页数：17 论文编号：YY217 Abstract Advertising language has received a thorough study from different aspects. With the development of linguistics, the studies on advertising language are inclined to the relationship between language and context. In this case, pragmatic presupposition appears to be the very tool for its sensitive nature to context. In addition, common ground and appropriateness of pragmatic presupposition also make great contribution to the concise and economical advertisement. However, other properties like one-sidedness, subjectivity and latency are equally noticed. Proper exploitation of these features may develop useful market strategies. Therefore, it is of great significance to study advertising language from pragmatic presupposition perspective. The thesis focuses on the phenomenon of pragmatic presupposition in English advertisement for beverage. Based on the foundational theory, the classifications and functions of pragmatic presupposition are exposed by qualitative study method. Meanwhile, a case study is conducted to tentatively explore the distribution and frequency of each type by quantitative analysis. Research findings show that pragmatic presupposition occurs in 94% of the collected 100 drinks advertisements; the state presupposition accounts for the largest percentage (40%) among all five classifications , followed by belief presupposition, behavior presupposition, existential presupposition and fact presupposition, for 22%, 14%, 13%, 5% respectively. Key Words: advertising language pragmatic presupposition function classifications description 摘要 广告语言的研究一直以来都备受各个领域学者们的青睐。
在语言学领域，语言学的发展使得广告语言的研究逐渐趋向于语言与语境的关系的研究。于是，对语境敏感的语用预设便成为了分析广告语言的理想工具。
语用预设的共知性和合适性简化了广告的语言，节省了广告的费用。另外，语用预设本身还具有单向性、主观性和隐蔽性。
巧妙运用这些特征可以衍生出有效的广告撰写策略。因此，从语用预设的视角研究广告语言是很有意义的。
本文主要致力于研究英文饮料广告语言的语用预设现象。作者以语用预设作为研究基本理论，结合定性研究和定量研究方法，通过分析语用预设在饮料广告中的类型和功能，同时对各预设类型在英文广告中的分布和出现频率也进行调查研究，力图探讨语用预设在英文饮料广告中运用的深度和广度。
调查结果发现：语用预设在英文饮料广告中的运用程度极高，在收集的100条广告语中呈现出94%的高频率。与此同时，状态预设在五种语用预设类型中出现的频率最高，达到40%。
其余的信仰预设、行为预设、存在预设和事实预设分别占22%、14%、13%和5%。 关键词：广告语 语用预设 功能 分类描写 目录 Abstract 。
..1 摘要。
.2 Chapter 1 Introduction。
3 Chapter 2 Literature Review 。
.4 2.1 Previous studies on pragmatic presupposition abroad 。
4 2.2 Previous studies on pragmatic presupposition at home。
.. 5 Chapter 3 Theoretical Foundations。
..6 3.1 The definitions of pragmatic presupposition 。
..6 3.2 The characteristics of pragmatic presupposition。
. 7 3.2.2 Subjectivity。
..7 3.2.3 Latency 。
7 3.3 The classifications of pragmatic presupposition in print advertisement language 8 3.3.1 Existential presupposition 。
8 3.3.2 Fact presupposition。
. 8 3.3.3 State presupposition。
.9 3.3.4 Belief alue presupposition。
9 3.3.5 Behavior presupposition。
10 3.4 Functions of pragmatic presupposition in drink advertisement language。
10 3.4.1 Concise function。
.10 3.4.2 Euphemism function 。
.11 3.4.3 Persuasive function 。
11 Chapter 4 Case Study。
11 4.1 Research aims 。
..11 4.2 Data collection。
.12 4.3 Data analysis 。
..12 4.3.1 Statistic numbers 。
..12 4.3.2 Analysis findings。
14 Chapter 5 Conclusion 。
..15 5.1 General summary 。
15 5.2 Limitations of present study 。
..。
7.适合商务英语专业的毕业论文
The Impact of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems on Management Accounting: An Australian Study Abstract Information technology is significantly changing the operating practices of an increasing number of companies globally. These developments have important implications for the accounting profession and in particular accounting practices in the twenty-first century. This study examines the development of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems as a means of illustrating how changes in information technology allows all systems in a company to be linked to manage operations holistically. The study investigates the change in accounting systems using a sample of Australian companies with emphasis on the adoption of ERP systems including the potential impact of ERP on capital budgeting processes. The results show that ERP systems are changing management accounting practices, although at this stage, the impact on capital budgeting techniques appears to be limited. The findings contribute to the emerging body of literature on the development of ERP systems and its impact on management accounting teaching and research. Key words: Management accounting, capital budgeting, enterprise resource planning systems, information technology. 1. Introduction During the past decade an increasing number of companies have been impacted by information technology in terms of computerized transaction processing and electronic telecommunications such as that done with the Internet, intranet, and extranet. For competitive reasons, companies have had to change from manual and then mainframe systems to what has been called enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. An ERP system has a common database or data warehouse that links together all systems in all parts of a company including, for example, capital budgeting with financial, control, manufacturing, sales, fixed assets, inventory, human resources modules, etc. An ERP system, by linking all systems through a data warehouse, allows a company to manage its operations holistically. A second impact of ERP systems has been a general shift to manage at the activity level rather than at the more abstract level of financial transactions. This means that management accounting, with its focus on activities, can be most effective when it is used with ERP systems to incorporate the activity level for costing and performance measurement. To be effective an ERP system will contain an extensive chart of accounts or codes for activities such as accurate recording and tracking of activities, revenues and costs. The coding incorporates stable entities of a business, such as divisions, plants, stores, and warehouses. At a detailed level there are codes for functions such as finance, production, sales, marketing, and materials management. There are also the traditional financial account codes such as assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses, and the central ERP feature of coding processes, activities, and sub-activities. There must be consistent coding among all parts of a company in order for them to relate to one another. As the ERP system incorporates activities in terms of quantities of resources, including labour, a record of resource use is maintained. Therefore, performance can be measured in physical terms and compared to standards, which allows for the calculation of variances. This performance measurement at the activity level serves as a feedback system on efficiency and effectiveness. The confusion from abstract monetary measures is erased, and what is actually happening with the conversion of resources into goods and services can be seen. ERP systems have the potential to change management ccounting systems with more detailed, more integrated, and faster produced information. To date the research on the impact of ERP systems on management accounting can best be described as preliminary. It has involved case studies of one or two companies at a time and some field studies. The findings from these studies have been largely anecdotal. Also, some have been deductive in that arguments based on ERP attributes have been made on how management accounting should be affected. For instance, in a field study, Cook et al. (2000) described activity-based capital budgeting at a division of a US telecommunications company. The findings from Cook et al.'s field work suggests that ERP systems can increase the effectiveness of capital budgeting by anchoring financial numbers to activities rather than stopping at monetary measures with pre-ERP practices. The 。
8.商务英语专业的毕业论文可以写哪些方面
提供一些商务英语专业毕业论文的题目和写作方向，供参考。
1. 《影响中国学生英语口语流利性的障碍研究》 2. 《跨文化交际中英语口语能力的培养》 3. 《商务英语的特点及翻译技巧》 4. 《商务英语函电在对外贸易中的作用》 5. 《单证员/报关员/跟单员等在国际贸易中的地位》 6. 《商务英语函电翻译技巧》 7. 《商务谈判中英语的重要性》 8. 《浅谈出口结汇风险的防范》 9. 《中国退税制度的改革及其影响》 10. 《商标名称的翻译与策略》 11. 《外贸企业信用风险管理与控制》 12. 《2007年外资银行在我国本土注册探讨》 13. 《我国利用国际贷款/国际援助现状分析》 14. 《WTO与我国反倾销探讨》 15. 《我国对外直接投资之现状》 16. 《内陆地区对外贸易发展策略研究》 17. 《中印两国两国对外贸易战略分析》 18. 《人民币升值对我国出口贸易的影响》 19. 《浅谈商务英语写作时避免修饰语错位的方法 》 20. 《商务函电翻译的用词技巧》 21. 《外商直接在华投资探讨》 22. 《社会文化迁移对中国式英语的影响》 23. 《我国外贸出口品牌战略的实施与研究》 24. 《商务英语专业口语课程教学探讨》 25. 《入世对我国农产品贸易的影响与对策研究》 26. 《应对经济全球化，加快我国企业跨国经营》 27. 《英语写作中常见中式英语分析》 28. 《入世商务英语写作的研究》 29. 《制单工作在国际结算中的地位》 30. 《关税壁垒与非关税壁垒探讨》 31. 《浅谈实质利益谈判法》 32. 《国际电子商务发展面临的新问题》 33. 《学生商务英语写作中的错误与商务英语写作教学之间的关系》 34. 《大学生在运用定语从句时常见错误及分析其原因》 35. 《跨国公司在华扩张模式透析》 36. 《汉译英中遇到新词语的译法问题》 37. 英汉互译中词义的不对应（文化意义、风格意义、修辞意义等） 38. 形象语在写作中的修辞效果 39. 形象语在英汉诗歌互译中处理手段上的差异 40. 我国中小企业开拓国际市场之探讨 41. "10+1"自由贸易区未来前景展望 42. 汉语中新词汇的翻译技巧 43. 商务英语的特征与翻译 44. 珠江三角洲外贸现状及存在的问题 45. 南昌现利用外资纵谈 46. 广州/深圳等地区三资企业结构分析 47. 浅谈广州等地区外贸企业的困境与出路。
9.求商务英语论文（英文论文）一篇
Derivatives, as financial instruments, have gained an increasingly important role to the financial status of big companies around the globe. Their importance can be primarily illustrated by the huge development of the derivatives exchange markets in the most developed countries, with banks usually being at the centre of trading of these powerful financial tools. The very essence of their importance lies to the fact that companies can use them to reduce uncertainty or risk that stems from entrepreneurial activities. Financial managers use derivatives to understand the risks that their firms are exposed to daily and thus are able to pursue higher returns, given the fact that higher returns impose higher risks. The management of high risks enables companies to reduce the danger of financial losses and in the same time achieve higher returns. The extended use of derivatives can also attribute further benefits to the financial position of firms by improving several other corporate actions like cheaper borrowing, tax planning and ensuring safer loan payback. However, derivatives' trading has been a cause for huge corporate losses for many companies, the financial management of which ignored the high risks involved in the use of those financial instruments. This essay will attempt to examine the ways in which companies can use derivatives to modify their financial position.A derivative (or derivative security) can be defined as a tradable asset whose intrinsic value depends on or derives from the value of an underlying asset (like shares or bonds), a commodity (like oil or gold) or an abstract measure (like interest rates or indexes). This dependency of the derivatives' value is the reason why they are also called contingent claims. This last definition of derivatives describes accurately their nature of being an exercisable right or obligation rather than a tradable good. This right or obligation is the exact legal contract that acquires value like a real asset, and therefore can be traded. People have implemented derivatives, as legal contracts, since ancient times, although their systematic use and trading began in the late nineteenth century. However, the past thirty years witnessed a massive growth in the volume of derivatives' trading. Nowadays, derivative markets account for a significant amount of the world financial exchange system, and their types and use keeps developing and adapting to the different financial needs of the various industries. Common types of derivatives are options, futures, forwards, forward rate agreements and swaps, while other less common types are caps, floors, exotic options, Over-The Counter (OTCs) and exchange-traded derivatives. A brief description of the most common derivatives is given below.An option is a contractual agreement that the gives the right and not the obligation in one party to buy or sell an underlying commodity or asset at a given price anytime during a pre-specified period of time. At the end of the pre-specified period this right can be exercised or not, according to the option's holder needs, thus the name of the derivative. If an option gives the buyer the right to purchase an asset (a number of shares for example) at a given price during a time period, this option is called call option. By the end of the period the right expires and after that date the option loses its value. On the contrary, if a similar contract gives the buyer the right to sell an asset (at an agreed price and up to a given date), it is then called put option. Call and Put options enable their holders to make profits, reducing the uncertainty of the future value of the underlying asset because they can be tradable at any time before the expiry date. If the underlying asset is a share index like FTSE 100, S&P 500 etc. then the purchased right is called index option.Futures are also contractual agreements between two parties to buy or sell an asset at a specific time and a pre-specified price. However, a future represents an obligation, not a right, to proceed in the specific transaction, thus neither of the two parties can back away once the agreement is made (or the future is purchased). Thus a holder of a future buys the obligation of the other party and not the right, as in options. However, futures are tradable derivatives and are exchanged in a regulated market, like options. This characteristic allows their holders to change their position, according to the change of the underlying asset value through time before the date of the contracted transaction. However, they are very standardised and so they might not be very attractive to companies with specific financial needs. A future having as underlyin。
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