1.英文文献格式
[24] Allen, Richard S, Charles S. White, Margaret B. Takeda, Rewards and organizational performance in Japan and the United States,[J]. 2004, 7-14.Rewards and organizational performance in Japan and the United States这貌似不是一本书吧,是他们的成就的表现。
如果不是你就把这换成他们的书。[25] Marylin M. Helms, A comparison, Compensation and Benefits Review [J]. 2004, 7-14.[26] Andrews, Alice O,The effect of the chief executive officer's financial orientation,[M]. 2000,25(1), 93-106.[27] Theresa M, Welbourne, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice [M]. 2000,25(1), 93-106.[28] Heneman, Robert L., Judith W. Tansky, Sheng Wang , Compensation practices in small entrepreneurial and high-growth companies in the United States and China,[M],2002,13-22 [29]Zhong-Ming Wang, Compensation and Benefits Review,[M],2002,13-22 希望有帮助。
呵呵 你看看,对你有帮助:毕业论文参考文献规范格式 一、参考文献的类型 参考文献(即引文出处)的类型以单字母方式标识,具体如下:M——专著 C——论文集 N——报纸文章 J——期刊文章 D——学位论文 R——报告 对于不属于上述的文献类型,采用字母“Z”标识。对于英文参考文献,还应注意以下两点:①作者姓名采用“姓在前名在后”原则,具体格式是: 姓,名字的首字母. 如: Malcolm Richard Cowley 应为:Cowley, M.R.,如果有两位作者,第一位作者方式不变,&之后第二位作者名字的首字母放在前面,姓放在后面,如:Frank Norris 与Irving Gordon应为:Norris, F. & I.Gordon.;②书名、报刊名使用斜体字,如:Mastering English Literature,English Weekly。
二、参考文献的格式及举例1.期刊类 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[J].刊名,出版年份,卷号(期号):起止页码.【举例】 [1] 王海粟.浅议会计信息披露模式[J].财政研究,2004,21(1):56-58.[2] 夏鲁惠.高等学校毕业论文教学情况调研报告[J].高等理科教育,2004(1):46-52.[3] Heider, E.R.& D.C.Oliver. The structure of color space in naming and memory of two languages [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999, (3): 62 – 67.2.专著类 【格式】[序号]作者.书名[M].出版地:出版社,出版年份:起止页码.【举例】[4] 葛家澍,林志军.现代西方财务会计理论[M].厦门:厦门大学出版社,2001:42.[5] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Macmillan, 1985: 42-45.3.报纸类 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[N].报纸名,出版日期(版次).【举例】 [6] 李大伦.经济全球化的重要性[N]. 光明日报,1998-12-27(3).[7] French, W. Between Silences: A Voice from China[N]. Atlantic Weekly, 1987-8-15(33).4.论文集 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[C].出版地:出版者,出版年份:起始页码.【举例】 [8] 伍蠡甫.西方文论选[C]. 上海:上海译文出版社,1979:12-17.[9] Spivak,G. “Can the Subaltern Speak?”[A]. In C.Nelson & L. Grossberg(eds.). Victory in Limbo: Imigism [C]. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988, pp.271-313.[10] Almarza, G.G. Student foreign language teacher's knowledge growth [A]. In D.Freeman and J.C.Richards (eds.). Teacher Learning in Language Teaching [C]. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1996. pp.50-78.5.学位论文 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[D].出版地:保存者,出版年份:起始页码.【举例】 [11] 张筑生.微分半动力系统的不变集[D].北京:北京大学数学系数学研究所, 1983:1-7.6.研究报告 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[R].出版地:出版者,出版年份:起始页码.【举例】 [12] 冯西桥.核反应堆压力管道与压力容器的LBB分析[R].北京:清华大学核能技术设计研究院, 1997:9-10.7.条例 【格式】[序号]颁布单位.条例名称.发布日期 【举例】[15] 中华人民共和国科学技术委员会.科学技术期刊管理办法[Z].1991—06—058.译著 【格式】[序号]原著作者. 书名[M].译者,译.出版地:出版社,出版年份:起止页码.三、注释 注释是对论文正文中某一特定内容的进一步解释或补充说明。注释前面用圈码①、②、③等标识。
四、参考文献 参考文献与文中注(王小龙,2005)对应。标号在标点符号内。
多个都需要标注出来,而不是1-6等等 ,并列写出来。
2.毕业论文参考文献中的字母(本科、硕士)
去百度文库,查看完整内容>内容来自用户:hmfer参考文献中的字母表示的意思 很多参考文献中后面会缀上如【M】的字样,各表示什么意思呢? 专著-M; 论文集-C; 报刊-N; 期刊文章-J; 学位论文-D; 报告-R; 专著或论文集中析出的文献-A; 标准-S; 专利- P; 对于不属于上述的文献类型,采用字母“Z”标识。
搜到个更详细的: 论文参考文献,就是你所写的论文中引用的其他资料中的内容,如数据、概念及别人的研究成果等。不能随便写,是要写出准确出处的。
参考文献的编写格式要求。一、参考文献著录格式1、期刊作者.题名〔J〕.刊名,出版年,卷(期)∶起止页码2、专著作者.书名〔M〕.版本(第一版不著录).出版地∶出版者,出版年∶起止页码3、论文集作者.题名〔C〕.编者.论文集名,出版地∶出版者,出版年∶起止页码4、学位论文作者.题名〔D〕.保存地点.保存单位.年份5、专利文献题名〔P〕.国别.专利文献种类.专利号.出版日期6、标准编号.标准名称〔S〕7、报纸作者.题名〔N〕.报纸名.出版日期(版次)8、报告作者.题名〔R〕.保存地点.年份9、电子文献作者.题名〔电子文献及载体类型标识〕.文献出处,日期二、文献类型及其标识1、根据GB3469规定,各类常用文献标识如下:。
3.英文论文参考文献是什么
留学生在参考文献的列举,或者可以说是陈列方面有比较多的标注方法,常见的有五种:Harvard referencing system哈佛文献标记系统;CMS:Chicago Manual of Style(CMS)芝加哥写作和文献标注系统;APA Style:American Psychological Association美国心理学会写作和文献标记办法;AMA:American Medical Association美国医学会文献标注系统;MLA:现代语言学会写作和文献标注系统。但是最常用的就是前两种,今天来说一下哈佛文献的注释格式吧!
哈佛文献注释体系起源于美国,经过几十年的发展已经成为一种国际性的学术规范,具备了灵活、简洁、清楚的特点,对作者和读者来说都较为方便。它也叫做作者-日期法,每一个引文,无论是直接还是间接都应该分别在两处注明——在文中引用处注明,在全书或是全文最后的参考书目处注明。
1、在文中引用处注释。当作者姓名在句子中自然出现,给出作者姓和出版年份,将出版年份在小括号内;当作者姓名不在句子中自然出现时,姓和出版年份都放在括号内;被引用的作者在同一年出现了两部以上著作或发表了两篇以上的炉温,用小写字母abc加以区别,放在年份后面;如果被引用著作有两位作者,要讲两位作者的姓同时给出等。
2、在全书(文)后参考书目处注释。所有参考书目以作者姓名的字母顺序排列,一个作者有多本著作时,则按年份先后排列顺序,一个作者一年内有多本著作出版或论文发表,在年份后按月份先后加小写字母abc等加以区别。这样排列的好处是:只有一个按字母顺序排列的参考书目,便于读者查阅;整个文档不需要脚注;便于修改,即使是最后一刻要删去或增加某条注释,可随时增删,不需要重新排序;每个注释只在参考书目中出现一次,而无论它在文中被引用过几次。
4.法律硕士论文如何做外文参考文献
施尚达现在很多高校都要求学生在硕士论文写作中能有一定数量的外文参考文献,甚至强制规定要作一定数量的外文参考文献。
尽管这种强制作注释的做法一直是我们批判甚至嘲笑的对象,但是不可否认的是文章中加入一定数量的外文参考文献(主要是英文参考文献)能够有效地提升您论文的质量与品位,至少在形式上会比较美观,能够使您的论文顺利地通过甚至评优。但是外文文献浩瀚如烟,到底怎么做外文参考文献呢?法律硕士论文网提供如下一些参考性意见,供硕士生朋友们参考借鉴:1、从主题出发寻找外文文献。
首先可以结合论文的主题来寻找外文文献,这种方法在本质上就是从主题出发寻找资料,只不过目标是外文资料。例如,您写的论文是关于“电脑犯罪”的,那么你搜索的外文关键可以是“Computer Crime”或者“Cyber Crime”。
2、从关键词出发寻找外文文献。从关键词出发寻找外文文献的做法和上述主题出发寻找外文文献的方法与技巧基本相同,只不过设定的检索词多一些而已。
一个论题下会有很多关键词,因此您可以从这些关键词出发寻找外文文献。例如,您的论文主题是“刑讯逼供”,这个主题下又“刑事证据”“非法证据”等关键词,您可以从这些关键词出发寻找外文文献,这样的话,检索的面将更大,能够寻找到更多的外文资料。
3、从他人著作中转引外文文献。从他人著作中转引外文文献是一种捷径。
例如您写的论文主题是“绿色采购”,那么您可以购买一些关于“绿色采购”的学术专著,这些专著中肯定包含很多外文文献,您可以直接拿来作为自己的外文注释。当然,严格来说,这样的方法是不规范的,因为这种学术态度不严谨。
当然这是捷径,您可以采用一下,想必会收到意想不到的良好效果。附:1、外文文献查找的技术手段。
查找外文资料可以进入一些专业的数据库,如Heinonline等。当然如果您没有进入这些数据库的权限,那么我们教你一种简单的办法,进入谷歌,输入:“英文关键词(空格)pdf”就可以查找到很多pdf文档,一般都是外国人写的期刊文献。
我们演示一下上文提到的关键词“cyber crime”。我们进入谷歌检索“ cyber crime pdf”,我们会发现1-100个检索结果几乎全是关于cyber crime的外文文献。
那么多外文文献够你用了吧。那么这些文献质量怎么样吗?我们下载第一个结果看看,题目是“Cyber Crime . . . and Punishment?—Archaic Laws Threaten Global Information”,是Mcconnell International于2000年发布的,一共有10页。
这个文献的质量应该说是很不错的。2、外文文献查找的注意点。
外文文献查找中也要注意,有些主题是没有外文文献的,不是什么东西都有外文文献的,中国人研究的一些东西外国人根本不感兴趣。我们遇到一个同学,他要写“集体林权”,他要找外文资料。
外国,例如美国有集体林权吗?恐怕没有的,人家法治国家都是私有制国家,你要找关于集体林权的外文文献你去朝鲜和古巴找吧。这些国家不是法治国家,也没有人研究法律,哪里的外文文献?所以说,找外文文献也是要有悟性的,要有学术敏感度的,不然是找不到的。
3、外文资料的数量。
5.【急求
Role of Enterprise Strategy Successful companies are those that focus their efforts strategically. Strategy should be a stretch exercise, not a fit exercise. To meet and exceed customer satisfaction, the business team needs to follow an overall organizational strategy. A successful strategy adds value for the targeted customers over the long run by consistently meeting their needs better than the competition does. Strategy is the way in which a company orients itself towards the market in which it operates and towards the other companies in the marketplace against which it competes. It is a plan an organization formulates to gain a sustainable advantage over the competition. The central strategic issue: why different companies, facing the same environment, perform differently. Strategy answers the following questions: what are the sources of the company's sustainable competitive advantage? how a company will position itself against competition in the market over the long run to secure a sustainable competitive advantage? what are the key strategic priorities? Strategy is an agreed-on guide to action that should lead business to success in the marketplace by satisfying customer needs better than the competition does. Strategy formulation is the major task for the company entrepreneur and CEO, but it is the task of middle managers and project managers to carry this strategy out and turn it into results. Strategic Leadership As a strategic leader your prime responsibility is to ensure that your organization is going in the right direction. To be able to identify the right strategy and pursue it to the desired result, you need to master two important functions: strategic thinking and strategic planning. Ten Major Schools of Strategic Management Ten deeply embedded, though quite narrow, concepts typically dominate current thinking on strategy. These range from the early Design and Planning schools to the more recent Learning, Cultural and Environmental Schools8 New Approaches to Strategy Formulation The currently dominant view of strategy is the resource-based theory. Traditional strategy models, such as Michael Porter's five forces model, focus on the company's external competitive environment. Most of them do not attempt to look inside the company. In contrast, the resource-based perspective highlights the need for a fit between the external market context in which a company operates and its internal capabilities. According to this view, a company's competitive advantage derives from its ability to assemble and exploit an appropriate combination of resources. Sustainable competitive advantage is achieved by continuously developing existing and creating new resources and capabilities in response to rapidly changing market conditions. In relation to the 10 traditional approaches, today, strategy formulation should also be a combination of them - judgmental designing, intuitive visioning, and emergent learning; it should be about transformation as well as perpetuation; it has to involve individual cognition and social interaction, co-operative as well as conflictive; it must include analyzing before and programming after as well as negotiating during; and all of this must be in response to what can be a demanding environment.8 Blue Ocean Strategy: 6 Principles Blue ocean strategy is about revolutionary value innovation. The six principles drive the successful formulation and execution of Blue Ocean Strategy. These principles attenuate the six risks。
More Balanced Organization: 5 Basic Elements Empowered Employees (Metal): Building Your Sustainable Competitive Advantage Sustainable competitive advantage is the prolonged benefit of implementing some unique value-creating strategy based on unique combination of internal organizational resources and capabilities that cannot be replicated by competitors。 More SWOT Analysis: Questions To Answer What is your strongest business asset? What unique resources do you have? What do you offer that makes you stand out from the rest?。
More Your Strategic Intent Strategic intent is a high-level statement of the means by which your organization will achieve its vision. It is a core component of your dynamic strategy. Strategic intent cannot be planned all in advance. It must evolve on the basis of experience during its implementation。 More Market Leadership Strategies The market leader is dominant in its industry and has substantial market share. If you want to lead the market, you must be the industry leader in developing new business models and new products or services. You must be on the cutting edge of new t。
转载请注明出处众文网 » 硕士毕业论文的英文参考文献(英文文献格式)