众文网1.英文论文摘要部分怎么写
(Abstract) 也成为内容提要，通常在学士论文中都必须附有摘要，其位置应放在论文的正文之前，对整个论文内容的概述.无论对专业读者还是对非专业读者而言，摘要都是一个非常重要的文件. 摘要如果和论文一起发表，则被称为一次性出版物摘要，主要用于帮助读者评价文章内容及其潜在作用，使读者不必阅读全文就可以了解论文的内容.除此之外，摘要也可以被单独收入文摘机构出版的摘要期刊如：生物学文摘（Biological Abstract）、化学文摘（Chemical Abstract）等、称为二次性出版物摘要.此类脱离论文独立成篇的摘要主要用于方便读者检索文献、收集信息，帮助研究者寻找新的研究领域. 一、摘要的定义 摘要的英文术语：有两个词汇，一个是 abstract， 一个是 summary.根据美国国家标准学会（American National Standard Institute）于1971年通过并颁布的《美国国家文摘写作标准》（American National Standard for Writing Abstracts）规定，Abstract 不应与 summary 混同. Abstract 对一篇论文的主要内容以精炼的文字进行高度概括，使读者不必阅读全文即可了解论文内容，或者让读者对即将阅读的文章有思想准备，或者让读者判断是否有通读全文的必要.文中只对论文信息进行浓缩，而不加主观评论或解释，可以脱离原文而独立成篇.字数通常在100~150个词左右，更确切地说，约为原文长度的1% ~ 5%（有的杂志规定摘要平均为全文的3% ~ 5%）.现在越来越多的用法是 abstract. 尤其是放在索引资料中一律要用 abstract 这个术语，在论文的题目下也通常要用这个词. Summary （概要） 与 abstract 无明显差别.严格地说，summary 一般附在论文的后面，对论文的主要结论和成果进行再叙述.其前提是读者已经通读过全文，通过 summary 来巩固论文的主要论点和成果.在某些论文中，用 summary 取代正文中的 conclusion 部分. Summary 是论文的"缩影"，可以概括论文的全部内容，只是在删繁就简上下功夫，字数长短不一，少则两三句话，多则500个单词甚至更长.美国的一些高等学校规定，硕士论文提要（summary）以250词左右为宜，而博士论文题要以350词左右为宜.国际会议论文的提要一般规定为300 ~ 500 词或 1000 个印刷符号. 至于究竟要采用什么形式，要根据征稿而定. 一般说来，国际学术会议论文及要求按 Summary 方式来写摘要，而正式出版发行的刊物要修不尽一致.对于个别论文还见有前面为 Abstract， 结尾又有一个Summary ， 这多半是由于文章过长，内容有多，后面的 Summary 相当于该文的缩写. 二、摘要的种类 摘要分为两类，一类是说明性摘要（Descriptive/ Indicative Abstract），一类是资料性（Informative Abstract）摘要. 1. 说明性摘要 （Descriptive / Indicative Abstract） 如同迈克尔.艾利 （Michael Alley）所说，"一篇说明性摘要是段落形式的目录，使读者手中的一份简要地图."从这句话中可以清楚地了解说明性摘要的作用.说明性摘要指向读者指出论文的主要议题是什么，不涉及具体的研究方法和结果，但无法给读者提供更多的详细信息.它一般是用于综述性文章，也用于讨论、评论性文章，尤以介绍某学科近期发展动态的论文居多，常出现"… is studied"、"…is discussed" 字样.时态多用现在时或现在完成时.其篇幅也较短，大多在100 ~ 150 字之间.以下是一篇说明性摘要的样例. Ten widespread diseases that are hazards in isolated construction camps can be prevented by removing or destroying the breeding places of flies, mosquitoes and rats, and by killing their adult forms. 由于说明性摘要仅限于陈述论文的主要论题且篇幅较小，主要用于评述性的论文. 2. 资料性摘要 （Informative Abstract） 资料性摘要的优点是比说明性摘要能提供多的多的信息，它应该尽量完整和准确地体现原文的具体内容，特别强调指出研究的方法和结果、结论等.其篇幅较长，大多在150 ~250 字之间.根据原文长度，也有多达500字的.通常，这类的摘要反映了论文的基本面貌，能够代替阅读论文全文. Ten widespread diseases that are hazards in isolated construction camps can be prevented by removing or destroying the breeding places of flies, mosquitoes and rats, and by killing their adult forms. The breeding of flies is controlled by proper disposal of decaying organic matter, and of mosquitoes by destroying or draining pools, or spraying them with oil. For rats, only the indirect methods of rat-resistant houses and protected food supplies are valuable. Control of adult forms of both insects and rodens requires use of poisons. Screens are used for insects. Minnows can be planted to eat mosquito larvae. 三、如何写摘要 1. 摘要的位置 摘要的位置是确定的，一般在作者工作单位的下方.如： Cultural Differences Between China and U.S.A （标题） Xu Ying （署名） Hunan University (Changsha, Hunan, 410082) （工作单位） Abstract： （摘要） Key words： （关键词） 2. 写作要点 （1） 长度：有专家认为150 ~ 200 个词之间；文章长度的五分之一. 有些刊物会规定摘要的篇。
2.毕业论文英文摘要翻译
[abstract] This is Changsha YuanGe residential area design， 【construction's long, wide】，（不知道是你写的不全还是怎么，有点不通，如果你要加数字，就用the length of construction is。the width of construction is。） a total of 12 layer, total building area is。, building height of principal part is。. Design content mainly includes the architectural design and structural design .
The part of architectural design Including the overall layout,the plane and vertical transportation, and the requirements of fire prevention and evacuation. Design mainly include
planar configuration, elevation and profile design and fire protection and evacuation design, etc., follow the principle of "safty,availability,economy,aesthetics" , satisfy people's demand for residential use function and aesthetic.
Design structure using short-leg
shear wall system, to adapt to the new housing concept of people. Combining with hand calculation and PKPM computing , including load calculation (gravity load, wind load),shear walls and floor slabs, the design calculation of beam and reinforcement.
Key words: short-leg shear wall; High-rise residential; The structure design
本人CET-6水平，纯手工翻译，除查询专业单词外，绝没使用软件，耗时20分钟，还望采纳。希望你论文获得成功。
3.本科毕业论文查重时英文摘要部分算在内吗
本科毕业论文查重时英文摘要部分算在内吗？摘要当然是需要查重的，不仅中文摘要需要检测，英文摘要也是需要检测的，论文摘要是论文中的精华，为了保证论文的完整性，我们在提交论文进行查重的时候，需要将摘要也提交到论文查重系统之中。
摘要是对全文的总体概括，使读者对论文有一个大概的认识，所以摘要在论文中起着非常重要的作用。论文中的中英文摘要都包括在论文查重的范围之内，为防止摘要影响论文整体的重复率，摘要的格式一定要正确，并使用用自己的语言描述，查重时，学校一般都是要求大家提交摘要、目录、正文、致谢及参考文献等内容进行查重检测。
知网会根据您提交的目录，对文章进行章节检测，前提格式必须正确。
4.求毕业论文英文摘要
The new economic era, known as the corporate image of the human, material and financial resources beyond the "fourth resource", the competition among the enterprises of products from the local competition, price competition, resource competition, competition for talent, technology to the development of competition The integrity of corporate competition, that is, the image of competition. Create good corporate image, not only a modern market economy is an inevitable trend of development, but also enterprises face the increasingly fierce market competition and the success of winning a major magic weapon. For large enterprises, corporate image planning has been relatively mature. While many small and medium enterprises because the road taken the low-cost, how cost-competitive promotion to the quality of competition, and even brand competition, or unable, based on this understanding of SMEs, from corporate image recognition system in the concept of identification system Behavior recognition system, visual recognition systems of the three constituent elements of perspective, the current image of the planning for SMEs on the existence of several major problems, propose solutions to the measures, so that small and medium enterprises based on domestic and international trend of a number of simple Discussion.。
5.毕业设计英文摘要
The spinal column reconstruction in the interspinal implants in thing X-stop finite element analysis application Abstract along with people age unceasing growth, between awl in plate the nucleus pulposus gradually will start to degenerate withered, causes between the awl plate thickness to reduce, will then create the yellow ligament and the small surface joint is large, will initiate the so-called lumbar vertebra narrow sickness, will cause the body to have the nerve intermittent slope good symptom. Solves this symptom method to divide into the surgery and the non-surgery treats, the non-surgery treats for example the physical property treatment and the pharmacological treatment, the effect is not often good, the surgery treats may divide into the traditional surgery and micro creates the surgery two kinds, the traditional surgery method is in the lumbar vertebra fusion the pexia, although this method excised has created the lumbar vertebra narrow yellow ligament and the small surface joint, but the surgery time was long, the wound was big as well as although the lumbar vertebra fusion and fixed has removed the pathological change stage abnormal movement, but the neighbor stage's abnormal movement increased, between the awl in plate's pressure elevated obviously, the small articular process exceptionally drew back changes with the fixed stage bone quantityThe loss, causes the fixed stage vertical motion stage to draw back changes ASD[1], but new micro creates the surgery is opens a small wound in the back, and implants the interspinal to open, then solution lumbar vertebra narrow sickness question. this article uses the model is lumbar vertebra L3~L4, as well as the interspinal implants thing X-STOP. The analysis method is carries on the finite element grid division to X-STOP, under exerts the restraint and the load in above, calculates the restraining stress, thus judges this interspinal to open whether to have the obvious effect. key word: The lumbar vertebra, the spinous process, between the keel the ligament, the interspinal opens X-STOP, the finite element analysis。
6.毕业论文英文摘要
AbstractThe core competitiveness of enterprises is the basis of the sustainable development of enterprise and the source of competitive advatages. As a growth point of China's national economy, Real Estate directly affects the national economic development and the people's livelihood. Therefore, the construction of real estate enterprises'core competitive ability should be paid profound attention.Depending on a combination of core competence theory, this paper is in view of the status quo of the estate enterprise'core competitive ability in China,then combines the author's opinion under the help of the related books,documents and the teacher, and finally turn out the means of the construction of enterprises'core competitive ability .KeywordsThe Core Competiveness of Enterprises Brand Strategy Enterpise Culture。
7.求毕业论文的英文摘要
The filling pile department is refers to, in the project scene through the mechanical drill hole, the steel pipe pushes methods and so on earth or manpower excavation forms the pile hole in the foundation soil, and lays aside the pile which in among them the reinforcing cage, the irrigation concretes make, according to becomes the hole method to be different, the filling pile may divide into the settling tube filling pile, the drill hole filling pile and digs the hole filling pile and so on several kinds.Drills a hole the filling pile is according to becomes one kind of pile which the pile method classification defines. The filling pile earliest more than 100 year ago in 1893, because of the industry development as well as the population growth, the high-rise construction increased unceasingly, but because many city's ground conditions were quite bad, could not withstand the pressure which directly transmitted by the high-rise construction, the surface following has the thickness very big soft soil or the medium intensity clay level, the construction high-rise construction like still continued to use the friction pile which at that time used in common, had the very big subsidence inevitably. Therefore engineers used for reference have dug a well the technical invention to dig in the hole to construct the reinforced concrete artificially to become the pile. Therefore afterward 50 years later, namely developed in the early-1940s along with the high efficiency drill hole machines and tools first is published successfully in the US, after World War II, the world was specially the European and American developed country economic resurgence and the development, at this point, changes with each new day along with the science and technology the development, drilled a hole the filling pile in high-level, in the ultrahigh layer building and the heavy construction is widely applied. Certainly, in our country, drilled a hole the filling pile design and the construction level also obtained the considerable development.。
8.英语专业毕业论文摘要怎么写
论文摘要又称文摘，是论文的重要组成部分，它是以提供文献内容梗概为日的，不加评论和补充解释，简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。摘要应具有独立性和自明性，并拥有与文献同等量的主要信息，即不需阅读全文，就可获得重要的信息。摘要通常置于文题之后，文章之首。在论文发表后，论文摘要常被文献检索系统所收集。
摘要由目的、方法、结果和结论四部分组成。目的部分应简要说明研究的目的，说明提出问题的缘由，表明研究的范围及重要性；方法部分应说明研究课题的基本设计，使用了什么材料和方法，如何分组对照，研究范围以及精确程度，数据是如何取得的以及经过何种统计学方法处理；结果部分要列出研究的主要结果和数据，有什么新发现，说明其价值及局限，叙述要具体、准确，并需给出结果的可信值和统计学显著性检验的确切值；结论部分应简要说明、论证取得的正确观点极其理论价值或应用价值，是否值得推荐或推广等。
说白了，摘要就是你文章的骨架。
告诉你一个懒人的办法：第一句写目的，也就是你这篇文章要解决的问题和提出这个问题的原因，然后是“本文通过……的方法，阐述了……，论证了……，得出了……。”记得摘要最好300-500字左右为宜，不宜过长。
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