众文网1.求师范类英语中文毕业论文
英语师范类毕业论文—黑色与black的区别 By looking at " 黑色与black ", it seems that there is no difference between them. They look like one another's translation in both Chinese and English. If we view these two words culturally, we will find that many cultural differences are between them. I'm trying to give an interesting discussion based on the cultural perspectives of these two words. In China， "黑色" is the colour of black which symbolises unfortunate and religious things. For example, it is not welcome in all kinds of festivals and happy events in China. As Chinese, we all know that "黑色" means bad luck and death. Hehe ^_^ Yeh, we don't mention and joke about such colour when we are celebrating happy events. Especially, in Spring Festival, such colour is extremely forbidden. On the other hand， "黑色" is often seen at funeral. People are often in black, to the point of respect. Additionally, this colour also indicates evil in Chinese culture. Some Chinese people use this colour to curse others which is never encouraged. All together， "黑色" is mainly associated to bad luck and death in China. However, black has many different meanings in western culture. Firstly, the black is pertaining to any of the various populations characterized by dark skin pigmentation, specifically the dark-skinned people of Africa, Oceania, and Australia. Not surprisingly, traditional wedding dresses often come with black (for the groom) and white (for the bride) in the West. Furthermore, black can represent danger, evil and death in the West. Interestingly, there are many English idioms connected with black. For example, black out (lose consciousness temporarily), black and white (print), black look (angry look), black humor (harshly ironic), black words (angry words), black Friday (unlucky day), in the black (prosperous), etc. Last and certainly not least， " 黑色与black " can present many differences which are distinguishable from different cultural perspectives!。
2.求一个论文外文翻译,3000字,中英文都要,真谢谢
Introduction to Civil Engineering Papers Civil Engineering for the development of a key role, first as a material foundation for the civil engineering construction materials, followed by the subsequent development of the design theory and construction technology. Every time a new quality of building materials, civil engineering will be a leap-style development. People can only rely on the early earth, wood and other natural materials in the construction activities, and later appeared in brick and tile that artificial materials, so that the first human to break the shackles of natural building materials. China in the eleventh century BC in the early Western Zhou Dynasty created the tile. The first brick in the fifth century BC to the third century BC, when the tomb of the Warring States Period. Brick and tile better than the mechanical properties of soil, materials, and easy to manufacture. The brick and tile so that people began to appear widely, to a large number of housing construction and urban flood control project, and so on. This civil engineering technology has been rapid development. Up to 18 to the 19th century, as long as two thousand years, brick and tile has been a major civil engineering construction materials, human civilization has made a great contribution to the even was also widely used in the present. The application of a large number of steel products is the second leap in civil engineering. Seventeen 1970s the use of pig iron, the early nineteenth century, the use of wrought iron bridges and the construction of housing, which is a prelude to the emergence of steel. From the beginning of the mid-nineteenth century, metallurgical industry, smelting and rolling out high tensile and compressive strength, ductility, uniformity of the quality of construction steel and then produce high-strength steel wire, steel cables. As a result of the need to adapt to the development of the steel structure have been flourishing. In addition to the application of the original beam, arch structure, the new truss, a framework, the structure of network, cable structures to promote the gradual emergence of the structure of Yan in the form of flowers. From the brick building long-span structures, stone structures, a few meters of wood, steel structure to the development of tens of meters, a few hundred meters, until modern km above. So in the river, cross the bridge from shelves, on the ground since the construction of skyscrapers and high-rise tower, even in the laying of underground railway, to create an unprecedented miracle. In order to meet the needs of the development of steel works, on the basis of Newton's mechanics, material mechanics, structural mechanics, structural engineering design theory came into being, and so on. Construction machinery, construction technology and construction organization design theory also development, civil engineering from the experience of rising to become science, engineering practice and theoretical basis for both is a different place, which led to more rapid development of civil engineering. During the nineteenth century, 20, made of Portland cement, concrete has come out. Concrete can aggregate materials, easy-to-concrete structures forming, but the tensile strength of concrete is very small, limited use. By the middle of the nineteenth century, the surge in steel production, with the emergence of this new type of reinforced concrete composite construction materials, which bear the tension steel, concrete bear the pressure and play their own advantages. Since the beginning of the 20th century, reinforced concrete is widely used in various fields of civil engineering. From the beginning of the 1930s, there have been pre-stressed concrete. Pre-stressed concrete structure of the crack resistance, rigidity and carrying capacity, much higher than the reinforced concrete structure, which uses an even wider area. Civil Engineering into the reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete dominant historical period. Concrete buildings to bring about the emergence of new economic, aesthetic structure in the form of engineering, civil engineering so that a new construction technology and engineering design of the structure of the theory. This is another leap in the development of civil engineering. A project to build the facilities in general to go through the investigation, design and construction in three stages, require the use of geological prospecting projects, hydro-geological survey, engineering survey, soil mechanics, mechanical engineering, engineering design, building materials, construction equipment, engineering machinery, building the economy , And other disciplines and 。
3.毕业论文,英文文献翻译,使用什么辅助软件比较好
Trados：翻译辅助工具（CAT）领域的老大，部分原因是因为她强大的功能，但成为老大最重要的原因是因为它起步早。
当别的CAT工具如雨后春笋般的出现时，甚至大有青出于蓝而胜于蓝之势，然而Trados 早已占领了最大的市场份额，无人能敌。但是使用它翻译文件的过程中经常会遇到各种问题，有时候导致翻译无法进行，或者翻译完的文件无法导回原来的格式，给翻译和项目经理带来很大不便。
Trados这一名称取自三个英语单词。它们分别是：Translation、document和Software。
其中，在“Translation”中取了"TRA"三个字母，在"document"中取了"do"两个字母，在"Software"中取了“S”一个字母。把这些字母组合起来就是"TRADOS"了。
翻译Word文件时，以依附形势存在，但是它的Tageditor功能十分强大，可以作为翻译绝大多数文件格式的平台。但至于它在2005年6月被SDL 收购的真正原因，至今不得而知。
SDLX：也是不错的翻译工具，功能也很强大，但起步比Trados 晚得多。可以作为翻译所有文件格式的独立平台，原文和译文对称显示，给人感觉很直观，所有操作在一个界面完成，并可以时时察看源文件和目标文件。
功能较Trados 有很多过人之处，但个别地方还有不足，比如只能用MDB格式的TM，文件中的码有时候比较复杂，识别整句能力不强等。在成功收购了Trados之后，如虎添翼，借助Trados的销售网络和名气，顺利开拓自己的市场和知名度，银子大大地有。
2009 年年初推出了SDL Studio 2009，结合了SDLX 和 Trados 优势于一身，具体内容可参考我的另一篇原创。顺便说一句，2009自带的Trados 2007 中的Tageditor 实在是差劲的很，很难想象版本高了，速度反而却慢得要命---打开一个TTX文件有时候甚至需要3-4个小时。
Deja Vu:CAT 领域的后起之秀，有强大的文件处理功能，独立的操作平台，左右对称的直观界面，可以接受TMX格式的TM。最出色的是自带的QA功能，最大的缺点是码多，不太好处理。
好处是准备翻译文件过程简单易学，文件生成速度快，多个文件在一个界面内进行翻译操作，不用担心一致性问题。还有文件导出导入校对功能。
使用时极少出错，这点比Trados强的多。操作界面没有“保存”按钮，因为保存是自动进行的，所以不用担心断电，死机等意外故障。
因为起步太晚，所以功夫比前辈们要高一些，但也因为起步晚，占有的市场份额不大。个人极力推荐使用本软件。
MemoQ：和Deja Vu 十分相像，刚刚起步，个人也试着用过几次，感觉还不错，某些方面比Deja Vu 还要高，但是还是码的问题让人头疼。据说它可以让使用其他CAT工具的用户直接过渡到MemoQ上，没有试过。
Logoport:Lionbridge 的免费产品，嵌入Word工具中，至于它的RTF文件是怎么做出来的，不得而知。它使用在线的TM服务器，可以很多译员同时翻译一个文件，TM时时共享，这和免费使用可以说是Logoport最大的优势，但是因为使用在线的TM，可能是他们服务器在国外的原因，每打开一个翻译单元格，都要花费一两秒钟的时间，译员怨声不断。
初次看到分析出来的Log文件，可能会受到误导，认为那些100%匹配不用翻译，其实Logoport是用本文件将要翻译出来的TM结果分析未曾翻译的文件，乍一看好似很多匹配，实际上都是需要翻译的“新词”，不过，匹配部分算钱的办法还算合理，比Trados匹配部分要高很多。 Wordfast：能和SDL Trados 抗衡的为数不多的CAT 之一，最初的版本和Logoport一样，是嵌入Word中的，但是他不是免费的，翻译的效果和用Trados Workbench翻译出来的东西一样，Unclean 文件的码也十分相近，可以用Trados Clean 或升级TM。
后来2008年年末出的版本就高级多了，也是个独立的平台，PM做出来的文件是TXML格式的，一般需要连接在线的TM才能读出匹配来，所以盗版至今没有发现。 Transit： 据说欧洲语言之间翻译很多用这个工具，我所知道的东方语言只有韩语用过这个工具。
虽然功能也不差，但是操作起来很是麻烦，明显没有其他工具好用，每次看见她都头疼。而且文件只能在PM端生成并导出目标文件。
最近新出了一个NXT版本，不知道用起来会怎么样。 Idiom：是个免费的工具，操作简单易学，翻译界面类似Deja Vu，也有码的问题。
Google 产品的翻译项目指定使用软件（之前是Trados）。发给翻译的文件由客户端制作，最终翻译文件也是在客户端生成。
自身功能强大，不可小视。 Transmate:Transmate系列软件是计算机辅助翻译软件（CAT）工具，由成都优译信息技术有限公司研发，也是目前中国首个自主研发的翻译辅助软件。
其单机版是免费使用，可以提升翻译速度1.32倍，更适合中国人的习惯，更懂中国人。
4.论文参考文献外文文献需要翻译出来吗
1，不论是文末的参考文献还是行文中引文的外文文献，一般均用原始文献的名称、作者及出处.亦可视情在括号中译出中文文献名.
2，如果是纸质文献，还需注明期刊期号（某年某期）或书籍原出版社及出版时间.如果是来自网络，当注明网址.
3，如果采用的是中译本的外文文献，则直接用中译本作为参考文献.
4，行文中引用外文文章，有两种办法，一是直接引用外文，（此办法多半用于比较专业的学术论文，读者均具有理解能力）或者在外文后用括号译成中文.另一种是直接译成中文，然后在译文后用括号给出原文，或者在注释中给出原文.视情而定.
5，如果是给专业刊物投稿，最好了解一下该刊物对于参考文献列表以及注释的有关规定，按要求做.
5.求外文文献一篇
Zhang Shi-feng Zhang Shao-de Li Kun Zheng Xiao Model Reference Adaptive Control based on Neural Network for Electrode System in Electric Arc Furnace Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2006. IPEMC '06. CES/IEEE 5th International,Publication Date: 14-16 Aug. 2006Volume: 3, On page(s): 1-3
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