众文网1.求一篇成本控制方面英文参考文献,3000字左右拜托各位大神
[1]。
医院成本核算方法应用李和成本分析[D].北京中医药大学，2002年。 [2]巴珊。
医院药品现代物流管理研究[D].天津大学出版社，2004年。 LvSuRong[3]。
基于作业成本理论的工业 WangXiaoLi[6]。 医院的经济成本核算研究[D].郑州大学出版社，2006年。
WangAiWu[7]。 制造企业物流成本的研究[D].长沙ABC测量科技大学，2006年。
YangHaiQing[8]。 医院临床科室成本效益分析[D]第一军医大学出版社，2006年。
[9]张国平基于ABC的工厂。生产成本会计系统设计[D].大连理工大学，2006。
进步党[10]。基于作业成本法的大学教育成本核算研究[D].大连海事大学出版社，2007年。
[1]精益。单病种成本核算探讨[J].安徽卫生职业技术学院，2006,(6)。
SunGuiChun[2]。 浅议我国中小企业成本控制[J]，向北2010、经济（18）。
[3]WuGuoHe经济管理在医院里。成本会计的应用现状及前景[J].排名次，2010,(12)。
MaFengYun[4]。 根据医院成本核算问题及解决的方法[J].金融措施（学术版），2009,(4)。
ChenXiangRong[5]。 财务人员学习的能力和发展[J].金融（学术版），2010,(12)。
ChenJuan[6]。 医院财务系统扩展和实施效果之探讨[J].会计通讯，2009,(29)。
联系QQ 1098270167 [7],LiuPing SangShengJuan,JiangWenWei。 作业成本法讨论了医院成本核算应用[J].会计通讯，2010,(11)。
[8]柳、FengZeYong YangBin，穆迪。 嗯，人力资源管理，控制成本[J].重庆medi医院 [1]. Hospital li cost accounting method of application and cost analysis [D] Beijing university of Chinese medicine, 2002,. [2] by bashan. The hospital drugs of a modern logistics management [D] the tianjin university, 2004,. [3] LvSuRong. Based on the theory of homework cost industrial [6] WangXiaoLi. The hospital economic cost accounting [D] zhengzhou university, 2006,. [7] WangAiWu. Manufacturing enterprise logistics cost ABC measurement [D] changsha university of science and technology, 2006,. [8] YangHaiQing. The hospital clinical departments cost benefit analysis [D] the first military medical university, 2006,. [9] guoping zhang based on ABC's workshop. Production cost accounting system design [D] dalian university of technology, 2006,. [10] WangDi. Based on the activity-based costing method in university education cost accounting of [D] dalian maritime university, 2007,. [1] JinYi. Single disease [J] cost accounting discusses anhui health professional technology institute, 2006, (6),. [2] SunGuiChun. Shallow to negotiate with the small and medium-sized enterprises in China cost control [J] the north, 2010, economic (18). [3] WuGuoHe of economic management in hospital. The application of cost accounting and the present and future [J] ranked, 2010, (12). [4] MaFengYun. According to the hospital cost accounting problems and solutions [J] financial measures (academic edition), 2009, (). [5] ChenXiangRong. Financial personnel learning and ability of the growth [J] financial (academic version), 2010, (12). [6] ChenJuan. The hospital financial system extension and implementation effect explore [J] accounting communications, 2009, (29). Contact details QQ 1098270167 [7] SangShengJuan, LiuPing, JiangWenWei. The activity-based costing method in the hospital cost accounting discussed the application [J] accounting communications, 2010, (11). [8] willow, FengZeYong, moody's YangBin. Well, human resource management, and control the cost of hospital [J] chongqing medical, 2009, (). [9] ZhangPeiLin, ZhuXiuFang, YanWeiHua, ZhangYaLi, LuXiaoQin, rakwar. Since the establishment of our country hospital cost control development [J] chongqing medical history, 2009, (). [10] GengGongXia. The hospital internal cost accounting the problems and countermeasures of contemporary economic [J], 2009, (16).。
2.要写毕业论文了,求有关成本控制的外文文献,要有对应的中文的
先到百度文库，找一篇此类文档中文的，然后用有道翻译，或是谷歌在线翻译翻成英
文，然后把英文放上面，中文放下面。希望可以帮到你。如果要找标准的PDF格式外文文
献，可以在谷歌，用英文文献名+空格+PDF 这样比较容易找到。
第一是Google搜索，主要是英文，尤其是其学术搜索，意义大。
第二，通过各大学图书馆系统，进入几个主流的出版发行集团。
第三，利用网络免费储存、电子书系统。尤其是国外多。
1、论文题目：要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。
2、目录：目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录）
3、提要：是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。
4、关键词或主题词：关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。 主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。
5、论文正文： （1）引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义， 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。 〈2）论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容： a.提出-论点； b.分析问题-论据和论证； c.解决问题-论证与步骤； d.结论。
6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。 中文：标题--作者--出版物信息（版地、版者、版期）：作者--标题--出版物信息 所列参考文献的要求是： （1）所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。 （2）所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。
一，选题要新颖。
这次我的论文的成功，和高分，得到导师的赞许，都是因为我论文的选题新颖所给我带来的好处。最好涉及护理新领域，以及新进展，这样会给人耳目一新的感觉。
二，大量文献做基础
仔细查阅和你论文题目和研究范围相关的文献，大量的文献查阅会你的论文写作铺垫，借鉴别人的思路，和好的语言。而且在写作过程不会觉得语言平乏，当然也要自己一定的语言功底做基矗
三，一气呵成
做好充分的准备，不要每天写一些，每天改一些，这样会打断自己的思路，影响文章的连贯。
四，尽量采用多的专业术语
可能口语化的表达会给人带来亲切感，但论文是比较专业的形式，是有可能做为文献来查阅和检索的，所以论文语言的专业化，术语化会提升自己论文的水平。
五，用正规格式书写
参考正规的论文文献，论文格式。不要因为格式问题，而影响到你论文的质量。
六，最好在计算机上完成写作过程
如果有条件最好利用电脑来完成写作过程，好处以下几点：1，节省时间，无论打字的速度慢到什么程度，肯定要比手写的快。2，方便，大量的文献放在手边，一个一个查阅是很不方便的，文献都是用数据库编辑，所以都是在电脑上完成。提前先在电脑上摘要出重点，写出提纲，随时翻阅，方便写作。3，修改编辑，在电脑随时对文章进行修改编辑都是非常的方便。4，随时存档，写一段，存一段，防止突然停电，或者电脑当机。本人就是吃了这个大亏，一个晚上的劳动，差点就全没了，幸亏男友是电脑高手，帮我找回。否则就恨着电脑，哭死算了。
七，成稿打印好交给导师
无论你的字写的多么优美，还是按照惯例来，打印出的文字显的正规，而且交流不存在任何的问题，不会让导师因为看不懂你的龙飞凤舞，而低估你的论文。而且干净整洁，女孩子不仅注意自己的形象问题，书面的东西也反映你的修养和气质。
八，听取导师意见，仔细修改
导师会给你一些关于你论文建设性的意见，仔细参考，认真修改。毕竟导师是发表过多篇论文，有颇多的经验。
3.跪求成本方面的英文文献及翻译,毕业论文用
如何实施作业成本
作者
Jong俊俊Jong没有，没有在加州州立大学、乐，加州
布莱恩·h Kleiner Kleiner h >；，刊于《全球化人类学的管理部门在加州州立大学，Fullterton，加州
摘要
作为生产环境移动到电脑一体机，生产和产品，这些产品的生产多种多样，传统的成本系统可以报告严重扭曲的产品成本。探讨了解决这些问题的对策。作业成本法，罗宾·库珀发起并推广和罗伯特？卡普兰，可以解决这些扭曲的问题。作业成本法（ABC）的定义是“收集的财务和经营业绩跟踪的重大活动的firm-to-product成本”。论述了系统设计和ABC执行美国广播公司（ABC）。在设计的5个步骤是：美国广播公司（ABC）系统的行为分为活动；报告总成本的活动，活动的中心；选择第一阶段识别并选择成本动因；第二阶段成本动因。实施计划由七个阶段：ABC研讨会、设计研讨会、设计、数据采集、进步的会议；行政会议、研讨会、结果解释会议。
文章类型：
研究论文，
关键字（s）。
作业成本；电脑一体机制造。
杂志：
物流信息管理
体积。
10
号码：
2
一年。
1997年
灵能点：
68-72
版权？
名盾牌上有限公司
ISSN进行检索。
0957-6053
作业成本是什么？
传统的成本系统可报告的严重扭曲的产品生产成本制造时是多种多样的。在特殊情况下，大小和batch-size多样性的精度可影响产品成本报告。作业成本是答案。它是一种开发产品成本，已经引起了人们的关注在过去的几年里。
传统的cos
4.有关作业成本管理的应用研究方面的英文文献和翻译,在线等~~~
Activity-Based Costing is a costing methodology personalized. In the implementation of science and business process management must be customer-centric processes and to manage tasks, namely to carry out the management of operating costs.Activity-Based Cost Management (Activity-Based Costing Management, ABCM) is to enhance customer value, increase corporate profits for the purpose of operating cost method based on a new type of centralized management. Through its operations and operating costs of the recognition, measurement, calculation of the final product cost, at the same time will be calculated into the cost of operating level, all the operational activities of the enterprise to track and reflect the dynamic, cost-chain analysis, including analysis of driving forces, operating analysis, in order to enterprises to provide accurate information in decision-making; to guide effective implementation of business operations necessary to eliminate and streamline operations can not create value, so as to achieve lower costs,The purpose of increasing efficiency. Many large-scale manufacturing and international IT companies such as Hewlett-Packard have implemented activity-based costing management, some of the leading China-based manufacturing enterprises such as the XJ Electric Co., Ltd. is also trying to carry out operations such as cost management, streamline operations and improve the effectiveness of the role is very clear .Implementation of operating cost accounting model is based on operating cost management, activity-based costing is a description of the accounting system, activity-based costing in the implementation process has an important position. Elements of activity-based costing model is an element of operating cost, according to certain rules of their combination to form the operating cost model.Understanding and knowledge of ABCM is in the hands of the accounting elements of production cost management knowledge base. In order to carry out the operating cost management, operating cost model to build on the need for calculation of operating costs. Activity-Based Cost Management accounting involves four elements: resources, operations, cost object, cost driver. Which resources, operations and costs is the cost, and is the distribution of objects in the enterprise resources, operations and costs are often more complex object relations; cost driver is leading to changes in the cost of production factors, as long as they can lead to the cost of change is cost driver.(A) resourcesResources as an extension of a very broad concept, covering all of the value of the enterprise carrier, including materials, energy, equipment, capital and labor, etc.. However, operating cost management of resources, in essence, refers to the output or product operation carried out by costs, in other words, the cost of resources refers to the overall. The allocation of resources is targeted at the cost of consumption, or can be understood as a fee for each. Resources if the direct cost of operations and object-oriented distribution, is the traditional method of direct material costs.(B) operationOperation is defined as an organization with a purpose to the work of a drain on resources. Operation is the operation of the core elements of cost management. According to the level of business and scope of operations can be divided into the following four categories: unit operations, batch operations, product operations and support operations:(1) operating units: unit of product or service benefit from the operation, its resources are often associated with the consumption of products in direct proportion to production or sales. Common operations such as machining parts, such as a test each product;(2) other approved operations: benefit of a number of product operations, operating costs and the number of products in direct proportion to the batch. Debugging, such as common equipment, production preparation, etc.;(3) product operation: to make a product to benefit from each unit operation. For example, the preparation of NC code, product operations, such as process design;(4) to support the operation: In order to maintain normal production, all products which benefit from operations, operating costs and no correlation between the number of products. For example, plant maintenance, management and so on. Is generally believed that the first three categories, all the operations are to support the operation.(C) Cost ObjectCost Object is the object of the need for cost measurement. In accordance with the needs of the enterprises can be granted as a production cost 。
5.2急求关于成本控制的外文文献,须标明原文具体出处（包括刊名、出
童鞋你好！这个估计需要自己搜索了！网上基本很难找到免费给你服务的！我在这里给你点搜索国际上常用的外文数据库：---------------------------------------------------------- ⑴ISI web of knowledge Engineering Village2 ⑵Elsevier SDOL数据库 IEEE/IEE(IEL) ⑶EBSCOhost RSC英国皇家化学学会 ⑷ACM美国计算机学会 ASCE美国土木工程师学会 ⑸Springer电子期刊 WorldSciNet电子期刊全文库 ⑹Nature周刊 NetLibrary电子图书 ⑺ProQuest学位论文全文数据库 ⑻国道外文专题数据库 CALIS西文期刊目次数据库 ⑼推荐使用ISI web of knowledge Engineering Village2-----------------------------------------------------------中文翻译得自己做了，实在不成就谷歌翻译。
弄完之后，自己阅读几遍弄顺了就成啦！学校以及老师都不会看这个东西的！外文翻译不是论文的主要内容！所以，很容易过去的！祝你好运。
6.企业成本控制 外文资料
两个部分， 一个是cost control， 一个是cost accounting， 意思是一样的， 只是英文写法上面不同Cost control, also known as cost management or cost containment, is a broad set of cost accounting methods and management techniques with the common goal of improving business cost-efficiency by reducing costs, or at least restricting their rate of growth. Businesses use cost control methods to monitor, evaluate, and ultimately enhance the efficiency of specific areas, such as departments, divisions, or product lines, within their operations. During the 1990s cost control initiatives received paramount attention from corporate America. Often taking the form of corporate restructuring, divestment of peripheral activities, mass layoffs, or outsourcing, cost control strategies were seen as necessary to preserve—or boost—corporate profits and to maintain—or gain—a competitive advantage. The objective was often to be the low-cost producer in a given industry, which would typically allow the company to take a greater profit per unit of sales than its competitors at a given price level. Some cost control proponents believe that such strategic cost-cutting must be planned carefully, as not all cost reduction techniques yield the same benefits. In a notable late 1990s example, chief executive Albert J. Dunlap, nicknamed "Chainsaw Al" because of his penchant for deep cost cutting at the companies he headed, failed to restore the ailing small appliance maker Sunbeam Corporation to profitability despite his drastic cost reduction tactics. Dunlap laid off thousands of workers and sold off business units, but made little contribution to Sunbeam's competitive position or share price in his two years as CEO. Consequently, in 1998 Sunbeam's board fired Dunlap, having lost confidence in his "one-trick" approach to management. In management accounting, cost accounting establishes budget and actual cost of operations, processes, departments or product and the analysis of variances, profitability or social use of funds. Managers use cost accounting to support decision-making to cut a company's costs and improve profitability. As a form of management accounting, cost accounting need not follow standards such as GAAP, because its primary use is for internal managers, rather than outside users, and what to compute is instead decided pragmatically.Costs are measured in units of nominal currency by convention. Cost accounting can be viewed as translating the supply chain (the series of events in the production process that, in concert, result in a product) into financial values.There are various managerial accounting approaches:standardized or standard cost accountinglean accountingactivity-based costingresource consumption accountingthroughput accountingmarginal costing/cost-volume-profit analysisClassical cost elements are:raw expenses/overheadCost accounting has long been used to help managers understand the costs of running a business. Modern cost accounting originated during the industrial revolution, when the complexities of running a large scale business led to the development of systems for recording and tracking costs to help business owners and managers make decisions.In the early industrial age, most of the costs incurred by a business were what modern accountants call "variable costs" because they varied directly with the amount of production. Money was spent on labor, raw materials, power to run a factory, etc. in direct proportion to production. Managers could simply total the variable costs for a product and use this as a rough guide for decision-making processes.Some costs tend to remain the same even during busy periods, unlike variable costs, which rise and fall with volume of work. Over time, the importance of these "fixed costs" has become more important to managers. Examples of fixed costs include the depreciation of plant and equipment, and the cost of departments such as maintenance, tooling, production control, purchasing, quality control, storage and handling, plant supervision and engineering. In the early twentieth century, these costs were of little importance to most businesses. However, in the twenty-first century, these costs are often more important than the variable cost of a product, and allocating them to a broad range of products can lead to bad decision making. Managers must understand fixed costs in order to make decisions about products and pricing.For example: A company produced railway coaches and had only one product. To 。
7.企业成本控制 外文资料
两个部分， 一个是cost control， 一个是cost accounting， 意思是一样的， 只是英文写法上面不同 Cost control, also known as cost management or cost containment, is a broad set of cost accounting methods and management techniques with the common goal of improving business cost-efficiency by reducing costs, or at least restricting their rate of growth. Businesses use cost control methods to monitor, evaluate, and ultimately enhance the efficiency of specific areas, such as departments, divisions, or product lines, within their operations. During the 1990s cost control initiatives received paramount attention from corporate America. Often taking the form of corporate restructuring, divestment of peripheral activities, mass layoffs, or outsourcing, cost control strategies were seen as necessary to preserve—or boost—corporate profits and to maintain—or gain—a competitive advantage. The objective was often to be the low-cost producer in a given industry, which would typically allow the company to take a greater profit per unit of sales than its competitors at a given price level. Some cost control proponents believe that such strategic cost-cutting must be planned carefully, as not all cost reduction techniques yield the same benefits. In a notable late 1990s example, chief executive Albert J. Dunlap, nicknamed "Chainsaw Al" because of his penchant for deep cost cutting at the companies he headed, failed to restore the ailing small appliance maker Sunbeam Corporation to profitability despite his drastic cost reduction tactics. Dunlap laid off thousands of workers and sold off business units, but made little contribution to Sunbeam's competitive position or share price in his two years as CEO. Consequently, in 1998 Sunbeam's board fired Dunlap, having lost confidence in his "one-trick" approach to management. In management accounting, cost accounting establishes budget and actual cost of operations, processes, departments or product and the analysis of variances, profitability or social use of funds. Managers use cost accounting to support decision-making to cut a company's costs and improve profitability. As a form of management accounting, cost accounting need not follow standards such as GAAP, because its primary use is for internal managers, rather than outside users, and what to compute is instead decided pragmatically. Costs are measured in units of nominal currency by convention. Cost accounting can be viewed as translating the supply chain (the series of events in the production process that, in concert, result in a product) into financial values. There are various managerial accounting approaches: standardized or standard cost accounting lean accounting activity-based costing resource consumption accounting throughput accounting marginal costing/cost-volume-profit analysis Classical cost elements are: raw materials labor indirect expenses/overhead Cost accounting has long been used to help managers understand the costs of running a business. Modern cost accounting originated during the industrial revolution, when the complexities of running a large scale business led to the development of systems for recording and tracking costs to help business owners and managers make decisions. In the early industrial age, most of the costs incurred by a business were what modern accountants call "variable costs" because they varied directly with the amount of production. Money was spent on labor, raw materials, power to run a factory, etc. in direct proportion to production. Managers could simply total the variable costs for a product and use this as a rough guide for decision-making processes. Some costs tend to remain the same even during busy periods, unlike variable costs, which rise and fall with volume of work. Over time, the importance of these "fixed costs" has become more important to managers. Examples of fixed costs include the depreciation of plant and equipment, and the cost of departments such as maintenance, tooling, production control, purchasing, quality control, storage and handling, plant supervision and engineering. In the early twentieth century, these costs were of little importance to most businesses. However, in the twenty-first century, these costs are often more important than the variable cost of a product, and allocating them to a broad range of products can lead to bad decision making. Managers must understand fixed costs in order to make decisions about products and pricing. For example: A company produced railway coaches and had only one product. To make each coach, the company 。
8.成本管理论文参考文献
成本管理论文浅谈企业成本控制摘要：随着社会主义市场经济和现代企业制度的逐步完善，深化成本管理改革也日益成为一个突出而又迫切的问题。
企业要生存、发展，就必须全员对成本形成的全过程进行参与，全面控制，以低于竞争对手的成本进行生产经营，从而使企业以最低的成本取得竞争优势，提高资源利用效率，最大限度地获取利润。 关键词：企业；成本；全员控制 一、成本控制的基本含义 所谓成本控制，是企业根据一定时期预先建立的成本管理目标，由成本控制主体在其职权范围内，在生产耗费发生以前和成本控制过程中，对各种影响成本的因素和条件采取的一系列预防和调节措施，以保证成本管理目标实现的管理行为。
它包括成本预测、成本计划、成本控制、成本核算、成本考核和成本分析等六个环节。 成本控制的过程是运用系统工程的原理，对企业在生产经营过程中发生的各种耗费进行计算、调节和监督的过程，同时也是一个发现薄弱环节，挖掘内部潜力，寻找一切可能降低成本途径的过程。
科学地组织实施成本控制，可以促进企业改善经营管理，转变经营机制，全面提高企业素质，使企业在市场竞争的环境下生存、发展和壮大。成本控制的起点，或者说成本控制过程的平台就是成本控制的基础工作。
成本控制不从基础工作做起，成本控制的效果和成功可能性将受到大大影响。在成本控制过程中要制定两个标准价格，一是内部价格，即内部结算价格。
二是外部价格，即在企业购销活动中与外部企业产生供应与销售的结算价格。标准价格是成本控制运行的基本保证。
另外，质量是产品的灵魂，没有质量再低的成本也是徒劳的。在市场经济中，企业运行的基本保证，一是制度，二是文化，制度建设是根本，文化建设是补充。
没有制度建设，就不能固化成本控制运行，就不能保证成本控制质量。成本控制中最重要的制度是定额管理制度、预算管理制度、费用审报制度等。
二、成本控制应注意的问题 1.成本控制要对成本形成全过程进行全面控制 产品成本形成的全过程，包括产品投产前的设计、工艺的确定以及生产过程的各个环节，另外，还要考虑产品使用中的寿命周期成本。成本控制就是以产品成本形成的全过程为对象，结合生产经营各阶段的不同性质和特点进行有效的控制。
2.成本控制要全员参与 为了真正达到成本控制的目的，充分发挥每个部门和广大职工控制成本、降低成本的积极性，这就必须对全体职工进行政治思想教育，实行奖惩制度，按企业生产经营组织形式和成本管理要求，确定成本责任层次和责任单位，以及他们的责权利关系，开展班组经济核算，建立一个纵横的群众性成本控制组织。对于各种定额、费用开支标准、成本目标和降低成本的措施，应广泛发动职工讨论，使其成为自己的奋斗目标，这样才能使成本控制变为群众的自觉行动。
3.成本控制必须从各方面使用效果来衡量 成本控制不能只是消极的将实际成本支出限制在成本标准范围内，它还负有对成本标准进行重新审定和修正的任务，使成本标准始终保持着积极先进的水平。 4.成本控制的目的在于总结经验和教训 成本控制的目的在于更好地总结过去的经验和教训，进而采取更加有效的措施，迅速纠正工作中的缺点，以降低成本，取得更大的经济效益。
5.成本控制中必须有健全的管理制度 成本控制与其他管理手段密切相连，开展成本控制必须做好相应的基础工作和其他准备工作，否则必将使成本控制流于一种形式。这就要求制定各种消耗定额、材料单价、内部转移价格以及费用预算的限额，要健全一整套完整的原始记录和考核报告，以及设置一整套完整的计量工具，要实行全面的计划管理，采用标准成本制度，要建立责、权、利相结合的奖惩制度。
需要特别强调的是成本控制是一个系统工程，需要企业各个部门的通力合作，各尽其职，从企业生产经营的各个环节入手，全员、全过程地参与成本控制。因此各部门在成本控制中起着不可替代的作用。
三、影响成本控制目标的因素分析 确定成本控制目标，要将成本控制放到与企业经营活动、管理措施与战略选择的相互关系中考察。 经济活动越复杂，成本与经济活动之间的关系也就越复杂。
这些关系概括起来主要有三类：一是成本因经济活动而发生，降低消耗始终是对经济活动的基本要求。节约规律要求人们在实现特定目的过程中要尽可能降低成本。
由于成本总额受到活动量的影响，降低成本的基本标志是降低单位成本。二是成本是经济活动的制约因素。
就具体业务而言，业务经办人员往往不希望有较多的成本约束。较少的成本限制意味着较多的自由度，业务处理过程就变得相对容易和轻松。
三是成本的代偿性特征决定了人们对成本有不同的判断标准。在成本变动不影响其他指标的前提下，人们总是追求低成本，以成本绝对额的高低为标准来判断成本控制措施。
然而成本的变动必然会影响到其他指标的变动。成本构成要素之间的相互代替，往往使相互关联的成本构成要素之间发生此消彼长的变化，收益则随成本、收入的变化而变动。
成本与各因素之间错综复杂的关系，使得判断成本高低的标准由于视野的不同而有所不同。 。