众文网1.请帮我翻译一篇关于工业工程的外文文献
在很大程度上手册和重复的任务和输出是不争的事实。
在第二次世界大战之后，研究工作开始慢慢地进入了背景为工业工程师将注意力转移到更多的定量分析所作的努力。一些工程师，还涉及工厂，开始发展的一般模型，有效的生产和分销。
其他人发展中的数学优化搜索较少的困境，他们可以申请模型不仅能生产，并且对卫生保健、运输和军事行动。还有其它工业工程师创建领域的风险和决策分析的工具，设计可以使用任何决策。
工程研究工作的控制，显示和迁移往人机界面：主题应该更严谨在实验室中进行比在工厂。大约在同时，工作的本质开始改变。
最初，变化的速率被充分慢，这是不合理的，对一些工业工程师的概念和技术开发为工厂保持足够的大多数其他的工作。有证据表明，然而，在当代社会已经改变了足以提供这样一个假设嫌疑人（非，1999年），美国的职业结构已经发生了巨大的变化。
在过去的50年。蓝领就业已经稳步减少而白领工作已经扩大。
现在超过就业服务于制造业就业。专业技术职业雇用更多的美国人，今天比任何其他职业领域进行劳动统计局的数据。
动态的职业群体内的工作已经发生了很大的变化。
2.谁有与工业工程有关的外文论文资料啊
The temperature and humidity sensors were to detect the temperature and humidity to the physical conversion into electrical signals, with their low noise amplifier (LNA) to enlarge, ADC (A / D), to TA89C52 SCM data analysis Processing. The crew accepted the top of the visit, according to the need to temperature, humidity real-time data transmitted to the PC, from PC to the warehouse temperature and humidity data recorded and dealt with accordingly. As different areas, different environment on the granary temperature and humidity requirements of different users can plus keyboard, in the context of the need to set arbitrary system monitor the temperature and humidity indicators, so that the system adapt to different needs. The system of using high-precision temperature sensor LM35DZ, characterized by low power consumption, at room temperature and under no circumstances can be calibrated to provide the linear range factor of +10 mV / ℃. HS11 system used in the relative humidity sensor. He used solid polymers patent structure, its unique performance breakthrough in the traditional area of the humidity sensor: the complete interchangeability without calibration, recovery and response time is short, the accuracy of ± 3% RH, humidity range 0 ~ 100% RH . The crew established by the fire, burglar alarm function, the fire alarm is set to the highest priority. When the smoke / flame sensor detected "a situation", the detection circuit output of 48 kHz square wave signals, the TA89C52 judgement, confirmed after the launch of similar sound alarm fire engines. When pyroelectric infrared sensors to detect "the situation", by the detection circuit output of 36 kHz square wave sent TA89C52 judgement, confirmed after the police launched a similar alarm sounds, to create a differentiation. Once a warning signal there, will be the order of RAM in the AT89C52, the crew sent alarm signal, the alarm at the same time, time, place (warehouse), alarm types of data to the PC, until the PC response so far. Staff must be required to operate out of warehouses, PC will be recorded visit to the warehouse, and the time to visit.。
3.谁有与工业工程有关的外文论文资料啊
The temperature and humidity sensors were to detect the temperature and humidity to the physical conversion into electrical signals, with their low noise amplifier (LNA) to enlarge, ADC (A / D), to TA89C52 SCM data analysis Processing. The crew accepted the top of the visit, according to the need to temperature, humidity real-time data transmitted to the PC, from PC to the warehouse temperature and humidity data recorded and dealt with accordingly. As different areas, different environment on the granary temperature and humidity requirements of different users can plus keyboard, in the context of the need to set arbitrary system monitor the temperature and humidity indicators, so that the system adapt to different needs. The system of using high-precision temperature sensor LM35DZ, characterized by low power consumption, at room temperature and under no circumstances can be calibrated to provide the linear range factor of +10 mV / ℃. HS11 system used in the relative humidity sensor. He used solid polymers patent structure, its unique performance breakthrough in the traditional area of the humidity sensor: the complete interchangeability without calibration, recovery and response time is short, the accuracy of ± 3% RH, humidity range 0 ~ 100% RH . The crew established by the fire, burglar alarm function, the fire alarm is set to the highest priority. When the smoke / flame sensor detected "a situation", the detection circuit output of 48 kHz square wave signals, the TA89C52 judgement, confirmed after the launch of similar sound alarm fire engines. When pyroelectric infrared sensors to detect "the situation", by the detection circuit output of 36 kHz square wave sent TA89C52 judgement, confirmed after the police launched a similar alarm sounds, to create a differentiation. Once a warning signal there, will be the order of RAM in the AT89C52, the crew sent alarm signal, the alarm at the same time, time, place (warehouse), alarm types of data to the PC, until the PC response so far. Staff must be required to operate out of warehouses, PC will be recorded visit to the warehouse, and the time to visit.。
4.急求一篇土木工程毕业论文英文文献及翻译,不少于3000个单词
Research on the construction safety management of Civil Engineering In recent years, the construction accident in civil engineering in our country often occur. This not only caused casualties, also caused great loss of national property, and resulting in a very bad social influence. Therefore, in our country, the construction units in the civil engineering construction projects, shouldstrengthen the construction safety management, all aspects ofsecurity control for engineering, to prevent dangerous accidentsin the end it all. The cause of the civil engineering constructionaccidents are in many aspects. In order to enhance security,should be combined with the characteristics of construction projects and the enterprise's internal and external conditions, the rational allocation of production factors, optimization of management process. In order to realize the construction safetymanagement, construction units should establish a safety management system of a project, it should be carried out from the following aspects:A construction safety consciousness, cultivate the modern safety science theory, occurrence of unsafe human behavior causedcasualties. To implement safety management, it should becombined with psychology, behavioral science to strengthen the education and training of employees in production safety,improve the consciousness of safe production, so as to guide the safety production behavior of employees. For the construction enterprises should strengthen safety awareness and educationproject personnel, developing the regular safety education to the construction personnel involved in the project, and to carry outsecurity work. Three level education to the new participate in the work of the operating personnel; often transform types of employees, should be safety training for new types of work, makeoperation personnel matters needing attention can be familiar with the safe operation of the. In order to make safe win support among the people, enterprisemanagement personnel but also in engineering project, using a variety of promotional tools to start a variety of education,cultivate the construction personnel safety consciousness. Andin the management of enterprises, the production safety systemthought to. Leaders at all levels and enterprises in issuing the project production task, should also carry out safety productionmeasures. Such as the production safety requirements to the construction personnel, so conducive to safe thought into the production of management, let each employee has consciously in the psychological sense of security.Two, the establishment of management system for safety in production in addition to strengthen production safety education and awareness of construction project staff, should alsoestablish a safety management system, protect the system from the construction enterprise safety in production of. In order toavoid the frequent occurrence of sudden accident, the construction enterprise should according to the project, to develop a comprehensive, the system of safety management,and invest the necessary manpower and funds to ensure the implementation of the project. Ensure the production safetyconstruction from the system implementation, the project section of construction enterprises should establish the safety inspectionsystem, and regularly to the project construction of the security check. Make a clear record of project construction process,record the dangerous post, and regularly check the work. Self evaluation and construction team every week to organize asafety activities, the project department to make regular safetyevaluation for project production. Construction enterprises in theconstruction of civil engineering, in order to establish a safety management system, need to make corresponding technical measures for safety management system, a standard for project.Therefore, the safety work of construction enterprise project technical measures should be prior to commencement of works.As for engineering and technical measures should be strict examination and approval, the approval before implementation. If the design changes during construction, corresponding safety technical measures should be coordinated with the adjustment,will follow. The safety technical measures enacted personnel andparticipation, should fully understand the project as the construction scheme, construction environment, the actualoperation has, and combined with relevant laws and regulations or the security policy to establish safety technical measures,which can ensure the safety 。
5.谁能帮我提供一篇有关工业设计方面的英文文献吗
industrial design design of products made by large-scale industry for mass distribution. Designing such products means, first, planning their structure, operation, and appearance and then planning these to fit efficient production, distribution, and selling procedures. Clearly, appearance is but one factor in such a complex process. Nevertheless, in consumer goods especially, appearance design is widely accepted as the principal virtue of industrial design; it is that portion of the whole least subject to rational analysis and, like craft secrets of the past, most advantageous in commercial competition. On the other hand, design of equipment for production, for services, and for sports is expected to demonstrate utility; but in these products, too, appearance design is increasingly important. Industrial design is supplied to manufacturers by three kinds of designers: staff designers, fully employed by one firm; designers under contract, who may serve several clients simultaneously, generally avoiding conflicts of interest; and free-lancers, who sell designs, often with royalty agreements, to the best-paying manufacturer. The first industrial designer recognized as such worked under admirable conditions: Peter Behrens (1868–1940) in 1907 was hired by the Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft in Germany to be their architect, industrial designer, and graphic designer—in fact, to give unified visible character to the numerous activities of a giant enterprise. Behrens had other clients and professional duties besides. A member of the architectural profession, Behrens applied its standards and ethics to his work as industrial designer, founding in 1907, with others, an important association of designers and businessmen, the Deutscher Werkbund. As a direct result, a number of these German and Swiss associations became well-established professional organizations of industrial designers. In the United States and Great Britain industrial designers initiated legally recognized professional associations, with codes of conduct, educational standards, etc. In London the Royal Society of Arts designates qualifying practitioners as Royal Designers for Industry; in the United States the Industrial Designers Society of America grants memberships only to those subscribing to codes and limitations of practice. In Britain the Council of Industrial Design was established in 1944 to advise on design, recommend designers, and provide courses in design appreciation for trade and exhibitions for the public. The International Council of Societies of Industrial Design was founded in London in 1957, and within 25 years it had members in more than 40 countries. Industrial design has evolved no unified style, even for industries in which handwork is minimized. There have been, however, four significant style trends. The first of these is an emphasis on impersonality that Behrens was the first to establish. Design for industry, whether determined by an individual or by a group, shows a certain neutrality of expression. Impersonality has, on the one hand, been acclaimed as a natural aspect of mass production and marketing, of average taste in a democratic community; on the other hand, it has been criticized as submission to the machine, contradictory to free, individual expression. The style has, so far, persisted. A second trend in industrial design is packaging, such that the designer provides a protective case for a product, leaving the inner workings to engineers. Complicated mechanical and electronic assemblies that have come into common use require protective shells for safety, cleanliness, and orderly appearance. In this instance, industrial designers are sometimes accused of superficial embellishment of a sort suitable to package design and fashion. The third trend is streamlining, a design principle pioneered by Raymond Loewy and others in the 1930s and still widely employed, although the term itself has fallen out of fashion. As the name suggests, streamlining is characterized by contours designed to minimize resistance to motion through a fluid (as air). Originally associated with trains, automobiles, and other vehicles, the bullet shapes and sleek lines of streamlining were seized by industrial designers and applied to objects (e.g., toasters) intrinsically unassociated with speed. The fourth trend is artificially accelerated obsolescence, that is, design changes that intentionally tempt owners to replace goods with new purchases more frequently than would be necessary as a result of normal wear and tear or established custom. Beginning in the field of fashion, artificial obsolescence has become 。
6.急求一篇关于工业设计的英文论文,15000字符以上
工业设计 Industrial Design .sg/books?hl=en&id=B-NS3KW8RJ8C&dq=Industrial+Design+&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=ViZeIxrx5U&sig= designIndustrial design is an applied art whereby the aesthetics and usability of products may be improved for marketability and production. The role of an Industrial Designer is to create and execute design solutions towards problems of engineering, usability, marketing, brand development and sales.Definition of industrial Designers are a cross between a mechanical engineer and an artist. They study both function and form, and the connection between product and the user. They do not design the gears or motors that make machines move, or the circuits that control the movement. And usually, they partner with engineers and marketers, to identify and fulfill needs, wants and expectations.In Depth"Industrial Design (ID) is the professional service of creating and developing concepts and specifications that optimize the function, value and appearance of products and systems for the mutual benefit of both user and manufacturer." According to the IDSA (Industrial Design Society of America)Design, itself, is often difficult to define to non-designers because the meaning accepted by the design community is not one made of words. Instead, the definition is created as a result of acquiring a critical framework for the analysis and creation of artifacts. One of the many accepted (but intentionally unspecific) definitions of design originates from Carnegie Mellon's School of Design, "Design is the process of taking something from its existing state and moving it to a preferred state". This applies to new artifacts, whose existing state is undefined and previously created artifacts, whose state stands to be improved.According to the (Chartered Society of Designers) design is a force that delivers innovation that in turn has exploited creativity. Their design framework known as the Design Genetic Matrix (TM) determines a set of competences in 4 key genes that are identified to define the make up of designers and communicate to a wide audience what they do. Within these genes the designer demonstrates the core competences of a designer and specific competences determine the designer as an 'industrial designer'. This is normally within the context of delivering innovation in the form of a three dimensional product that is produced in quantity. However the definition also extends to products that have been produced using an industrial process. Industrial design is rapidly becoming an obsolete term as 'products' can now be industrially produced as 'one-offs' by the use of Rapid Prototyping Machines. In a post-industrial era and with the emergence of strategic design definitions such as this are incumbering designers and the advancement of design practice.According to the ICSID, (International Council of Societies of Industrial Design) "Design is a creative activity whose aim is to establish the multi-faceted qualities of objects, processes, services and their systems in whole life-cycles. Therefore, design is the central factor of innovative humanization of technologies and the crucial factor of cultural and economic exchange.Process of designAlthough the process of design may be considered 'creative', many analytical processes also take place. In fact, many industrial designers often use various design methodologies in their creative process. Some of the processes that are commonly used are user research, sketching, comparative product research, model making, prototyping and testing. These processes can be chronological, or as best defined by the designers and/or other team members. Industrial Designers often utilize 3D software, Computer-aided industrial design and CAD programs to move from concept to production. Product characteristics specified by the industrial designer may include the overall form of the object, the location of details with respect to one another, colors, texture, sounds, and aspects concerning the use of the product ergonomics. Additionally the industrial designer may specify aspects concerning the production process, choice of materials and the way the product is presented to the consumer at the point of sale. The use of industrial designers in a product development process may lead to added values by improved usability, lowered production costs and more appealing products. However, some classic industrial designs are considered as much works of art as works of engineering: the iPod, Coke bottl。
7.毕业论文要求外文文献,外文文献需要全文翻译吗
这个不用全部翻译的，只要选择自己需要的内容翻译。
翻译的外文文献可以是一篇，也可以是两篇，但英文字符要求不少于2万。选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。
翻译的外文文献应主要选自学术期刊、学术会议的文章、有关著作及其他相关材料，应与毕业论文（设计）主题相关，并在中文译文首页用“脚注”形式注明原文作者及出处，外文原文后应附中文译文。
扩展资料：
外文翻译需要注意的问题
1、外文文献的出处不要翻译成中文，且写在中文译文的右上角（不是放在页眉处）；会议要求：名称、地点、年份、卷（期），等 。
2、作者姓名以及作者的工作单位也不用必须翻译。
3、abstract翻译成“摘要”，不要翻译成“文章摘要”等其他词语。
4、Key words翻译成“关键词” 。
5、introduction 翻译成“引言”（不是导言）。
6、注意排版格式，都是单排版，行距1.25，字号小4号，等（按照格式要求）。
7、各节的标号I、II等可以直接使用，不要再翻译成“第一部分”“第二部分”，等。
8、里面的图可以拷贝粘贴，但要将图标、横纵指标的英文标注翻译成中文。
9、里面的公式、表不可以拷贝粘贴，要自己重新录入、重新画表格。
参考资料：百度百科-毕业论文
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