众文网1.毕业论文英文摘要翻译
[abstract] This is Changsha YuanGe residential area design， 【construction's long, wide】，（不知道是你写的不全还是怎么，有点不通，如果你要加数字，就用the length of construction is。the width of construction is。） a total of 12 layer, total building area is。, building height of principal part is。. Design content mainly includes the architectural design and structural design .
The part of architectural design Including the overall layout,the plane and vertical transportation, and the requirements of fire prevention and evacuation. Design mainly include
planar configuration, elevation and profile design and fire protection and evacuation design, etc., follow the principle of "safty,availability,economy,aesthetics" , satisfy people's demand for residential use function and aesthetic.
Design structure using short-leg
shear wall system, to adapt to the new housing concept of people. Combining with hand calculation and PKPM computing , including load calculation (gravity load, wind load),shear walls and floor slabs, the design calculation of beam and reinforcement.
Key words: short-leg shear wall; High-rise residential; The structure design
本人CET-6水平，纯手工翻译，除查询专业单词外，绝没使用软件，耗时20分钟，还望采纳。希望你论文获得成功。
2.求一份机械类英文参考文献,5000个单词左右,带中文翻译,毕业设计
发个样例给你看看
大型轴齿轮专用机床设计的设计
摘要：结合机电一体化的需要，设计以单片机作为控制系统的X-Y型工作台。通过对X-Y型工作台机械结构设计和控制电路接口的设计，阐述了机电一体化设计中的共性和关键技术。这种工作台通常与整机设计成一个整体，其形状，尺寸，结构因机器类型不同而有较大差异，但其工作原理有着共同点。
关键词：X-Y数控十字滑台；机电一体化；单片机
Abstract : Combine mechanical-electrical integration's need, design a Model X-Y workingbench with one-chip computer as the of the control system. Though describing the workingbench mechanical's design of structure and interface of the control circuit to Model X-Y, have explained generality in the design of mechanical-electrical integration and its key technology. This kind of workingbench is usually designed with the complete machine into a whole , its form , size, there is a greater difference because types of the machine are different in the structure, but its operation principle has common point. Keywords: X-Y numerical control cross slippery platform; The mechanical-electrical integration; One-chip computer
三人行资料网提供！
3.跪求关于双轴陀螺稳定平台仿真研究的一篇英文文章,毕业设计要求翻
只找到了单螺旋的，不知道可不可以…… 陀螺稳定平台（gyroscope-stabilized platform）是利用陀螺仪特性保持平台台体方位稳定的装置。
简称陀螺平台、惯性平台。用来测量运动载体姿态，并为测量载体线加速度建立参考坐标系，或用于稳定载体上的某些设备。
它是导弹、航天器、飞机和舰船等的惯性制导系统和惯性导航系统的主要装置。 分类和组成： 按结构形式可分为框架陀螺平台和浮球平台两种。
①框架陀螺平台。按其稳定的轴数，又分为单轴、双轴和三轴陀螺稳定平台（图1）。
它主要由平台台体、框架系统（即内框架、外框架和基座）、稳定系统（由平台台体上的陀螺仪、伺服放大器和框架轴上的力矩电机等构成，又称稳定回路、伺服回路）和初始对准系统（包括平台台体上的对准敏感元件、变换放大器和稳定系统）等组成。陀螺稳定平台使用何种陀螺仪作为稳定敏感元件，就称为何种陀螺平台，如气浮陀螺平台、液浮陀螺平台、挠性陀螺平台和静电陀螺平台等。
②浮球平台。又称高级惯性参考球平台。
主要由浮球（即内球）、球壳（即外球）、信号传输系统、姿态读出系统、加矩系统、温控系统、自动校准与对准系统和计算机接口装置等组成（图2）。 工作原理： 三轴陀螺稳定平台有3条稳定系统通道，2条初始对准系统水平对准通道和1条方位对准通道。
其工作状态：一是陀螺平台不受载体运动和干扰力矩的影响，能使平台台体相对惯性空间保持方位稳定；二是在指令电流控制作用下，使平台台体按给定规律转动而跟踪某一参考坐标系进行稳定。利用外部参考基准或平台台体上的对准敏感元件，可以实现初始对准。
三轴陀螺稳定平台应用较广泛。 浮球平台的浮球内装3个陀螺仪、3个加速度计和电子组件，浮球与球壳之间充以低粘性的碳氢液体，通常用电动涡轮液压泵提供连续流动悬浮液，将浮球悬浮在球壳中。
在球壳上安装有倍增器、倍减器、姿态读出器（激励带式感应传感器）、加速度计读出器、温控器与计算机接口装置等。浮球中的陀螺仪、加速度计和姿态传感器信号传输系统，采用混频和多路传输，经电刷送到直流线路并在外电子组件中处理，然后由载波编码，通过接口送到计算机中。
采用液压反作用式力矩器的加矩系统，使浮球相对一定的参考坐标系实现控制和稳定。利用热交换器进行温度控制。
通过计算机程序对浮球进行自动校准和自动对准。浮球平台具有框架陀螺平台的全部功能，而且对载体振动、冲击等有良好的隔离作用，克服了框架陀螺平台因轴承摩擦引起的平台静差角；并能承受导弹机动发射的恶劣环境和再入时的大过载，有效提高了制导精度；能进行全姿态测量；具有高精度的快速自动对准，缩短了发射时间；解决了弹道导弹发射时目标更换问题；具有信息数字化传输和自动化检测功能；隔热和温控效能高，有利于保证惯性器件的测量精度。
但结构复杂，成本昂贵，维护困难，多用于战略弹道导弹。 发展概况： 陀螺稳定平台的发展，随着陀螺仪的演变而变化。
早在1936年，出现了滚珠轴承式的动力陀螺稳定平台，在军舰上用作测距仪的稳定器。1950年美国研制成功三轴陀螺稳定平台XN-1。
之后，在导弹和运载火箭惯性制导系统中，相继出现了静压气浮陀螺平台、动压气浮自由转子陀螺平台、液浮陀螺平台等，由于陀螺平台采用了这些浮力支承，摩擦力矩减小的陀螺仪，其精度得到提高。美国分别应用在“潘兴”I导弹、“土星”运载火箭、“民兵”Ⅰ、Ⅱ导弹以及“北极星”导弹上。
60年代末，美国研制出结构简单、精度高、成本低的挠性陀螺仪为敏感元件的挠性陀螺平台，它在“三叉戟”Ⅰ潜地导弹、“战斧”巡航导弹，以及“潘兴”Ⅱ导弹上得到应用。随着陀螺平台技术的研究和发展，1973年美国研制出没有框架的浮球平台，即高级惯性参考球平台。
为了进一步提高制导精度和可靠性，对浮球平台的支撑系统和温控系统进行了改进。陀螺稳定平台已由框架陀螺平台发展到浮球平台，陀螺平台的质量由几十千克发展到仅0. 8千克，外廓尺寸由0.5米以上发展到仅为0.08米的小型陀螺平台。
陀螺稳定平台将继续向高精度、高可靠性、低成本、小型化，并对陀螺平台误差进行补偿的方向发展。Gyro Stabilized Platform (gyroscope-stabilized platform) is the use of gyroscopes to maintain platform feature sets the device body orientation and stability. Referred to as gyro platform, Inertial Platform. Used to measure the moving vehicle attitude, and inertial reference frame established linear acceleration, or for the stability of carriers on some of the equipment. It is the missile, spacecraft, aircraft and ships, and the inertial guidance systems and inertial navigation system to the main unit. Classification and composition: According to the framework structure can be divided into two gyro platform and float platform. ① frame gyroscope. Axes according to their stability, is divided into uniaxial, biaxial and triaxial gyro stabilized platform (Figure 1). Its main body by the platform sets the framework system (that is, within the framework of the outer frame and 。
4.英语毕业论文范文“how to improve the ability of english reading ”
Some people think that reading is a verysimple matter. You move your eyes along the line, and the author's message appears somehow in your mind. When a person is highly skilled as a reader, it does seem that something like that takes place. However, the actual reading process is quite complicated. Try to think back when you were first learning to read, or observe a young child learning to read. It is a very difficult, complex, sometimes, painful process. Reduced to its simplest elements, we might say that comprehension is a part of the communication process of getting the thoughts that were in the author's mind into the reader's, but how does one reader can get the idea clearly? It depends on the reading ability of the reader's. How can the readers make improvements in reading? There are many skills to improve one's ability of reading comprehension. One of the most important skills in reading is the knowledge of word .The number of the words you know determines the difficulty and complexity of the material you can read and understand. If you have an extremely limited reading vocabulary, you will be able to read only very simple material. Obviously, vocabulary forms a stumbling block for the poor reader. The more words you memorize, the faster you read the article. So, it is necessary to memorize words as much as you can. By the way, it should be realized that approximately half of all written English material is composed of the 300 commonest words. Certain words then have a very high occurrence and are used over and over again. Since the English vocabulary is so vast, you cannot hope to master vocabulary only by learning your lessons in the classroom. Reading of course involves much more than simply knowing the dictionary meaning of individual words. When coping with unknown vocabulary. You have to develop strategies, which will allow you either to discover the meaning of the words or at least to proceed further with the text in spite of not knowing the meanings of some new words. One of the efficient ways is guessing the unknown vocabulary. Guessing the meaning of words is a shortcut in reading. While reading in our own language, we usually have an unconscious habit of making logical inference as to the meaning of words based on the context. You can use the context to get the meaning and to help you develop the comprehension skills. To be a good reader, deducing the meaning of unfamiliar lexical items through contextual lines is necessary. In order to improve reading ability. It's essential to memorize words and master the ways of guessing the meaning of words, besides, when reading, you should catch the phrases as a unit of meaning and view the sentences as a unit of meaning. Sentences are the basic building blocks for writing something that will be read. A sentence, as a larger unit of meaning, is always about something--its subject--and always has a statement about the subject. The form of a sentence may be vary, but the subject and the statement about it are always there. The idea conveyed by a sentence will always come to you as a whole. So being familiar with various sentence patterns and being able to have a good sense of what is conveyed by a sentence, even a very long one with some clauses inside, will be helpful for a more mature and efficient reading. So do the paragraph and passage. But the paragraph and passage are more complex than the sentence. A paragraph has sentences that are connected with each other in some logical ways and a passage is the connection of the paragraphs.。
5.有哪位高手可以帮我翻译一篇毕业论文摘要,谢谢了
Thirty thousand spring water power plant is located 4 kilometers north of TuLuFan Railway Station, the east longitude 34 ° 40 ', north latitude 53 ° 30'; climate has adequate light, hot summer and cold winter, less rain; the river rises in the mountains along the peaks Bogda, floods due to heavy rain; power plant at the surface is gravel, seismic design intensity is 6 degree. Thirty thousand spring water power plant design uses vertical layout, i.e. water turbine shaft and the generator are arranged in the same vertical plane. Hydraulic turbine model for 240-LJ-140, the installed capacity of 10200KW, TSL325/36-20 type of generator, turbine installation height is 1036.0m. The main contents of the design include the design of roof structure of hydropower station workshop layout, workshop, crane beam calculation, structure calculation, calculation of plant and machine pier with the hood using reinforced concrete ribbed structure of integral casting. Plate for each span is 2.2 meters five span beam; work secondary beams as each span of 8 meters of the three cross beams; beams are arranged between the span of 10.5 meters single span beam; beam for the span of 10.5 meters single span beam. Crane beam is divided into two parts and installation work, adopt independent reinforced concrete beam T type section. Architecture as the main part of the design, under the roof, the crane load and structure weight of Liang Chuanlai, and to the large volume of concrete building structure. Workshop of frame column in reinforced concrete structure, internal force calculation of general methods according to structural mechanics. The pier of the cylindrical pier more common. Because the stress is smaller, the pier and wind cover according to the constructional reinforcement.。
6.高分求涉及建筑的英文论文材料
Uniaxial stress–strain relationship of concrete confined by various shaped steel tubesK.A.S. Susantha, Hanbin Ge, Tsutomu Usami *Department of Civil Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, JapanReceived 31 May 2000; received in revised form 19 December 2000; accepted 14 February 2001AbstractA method is presented to predict the complete stress–strain curve of concrete subjected to triaxial compressive stresses caused by axial load plus lateral pressure due to the confinement action in circular, box and octagonal shaped concrete-filled steel tubes. Available empirical formulas are adopted to determine the lateral pressure exerted on concrete in circular concrete-filled steel columns. To evaluate the lateral pressure exerted on the concrete in box and octagonal shaped columns, FEM analysis is adopted with the help of a concrete–steel interaction model. Subsequently, an extensive parametric study is conducted to propose an empiricalequation for the maximum average lateral pressure, which depends on the material and geometric properties of the columns. Lateral pressure so calculated is correlated to confined concrete strength through a well known empirical formula. For determination of the post-peak stress–strain relation, available experimental results are used. Based on the test results, approximated expressions to predict the slope of the descending branch and the strain at sustained concrete strength are derived for the confined concrete in columns having each type of sectional shapes. The predicted concrete strength and post-peak behavior are found to exhibit goodagreement with the test results within the accepted limits. The proposed model is intended to be used in fiber analysis involving beam–column elements in order to establish an ultimate state prediction criterion for concrete-filled steel columns designed as earthquake resisting structures. •2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Concrete-filled tubes; Confinement; Concrete strength; Ductility; Stress–strain relation; Fiber analysis1. IntroductionConcrete-filled steel tubes (CFT) are becoming increasingly popular in recent decades due to their excellent earthquake resisting characteristics such as high ductility and improved strength. As a result, numerous experimental investigations have been carried out in recent years to examine the overall performance of CFT columns [1–11]. Although the behavior of CFT columns has been extensively examined, the concrete core confinement is not yet well understood. Many of the previous research works have been mainly focused on investigating the performance of CFT columns with various limitations. The main variables subjected to such limitations were the concrete strength, plate width-to- thickness (or radius-to-thickness) ratios and shapes of the sections. Steel strength, column slenderness ratio and rate of loading were also additionally considered. It is understandable that examination of the effects of all the above factors on performances of CFTs in a wider range, exclusively on experimental manner, is difficult and costly. This can be overcome by following a suitable numerical theoretical approach which is capable of handling many experimentally unmanageable situations. At present, finite element analysis (FEM) is considered as the most powerful and accurate tool to simulate the actual behavior of structures. The accurate constitutive relationships for materials are essential for reliable results when such analysis procedures are involved. For example, CFT behavior may well be investigated through a suitable FEM analysis procedure, provided that appropriate steel and concrete material models are available. One of the simplest yet powerful techniques for the examination of CFTs is fiber analysis. In this procedure the cross section is discretized into many small regions where a uniaxial constitutive relationship of either concrete or steel is assigned. This type of analysis can be employed to predict the load–displacement relationships of CFT columns designed as earthquake resisting structures. The accuracy involved with the fiber analysis is found to be quite satisfactory with respect to the practical design purposes.At present, an accurate stress–strain relationship for steel, which is readily applicable in the fiber analysis, is currently available [12]. However, in the case of concrete, only a few models that are suited for such analysis can be found [3,8,9]. Among them, in Tomii and Sakino's model [3], which is applicable to square shaped columns, the strength improvement due to confinement has been。
7.减速机的英文论文
Wheel gears spreading to move is a the most wide kind of the application spreads to move a form in the modern machine.Its main advantage BE:The ① spreads to move to settle, work than in a moment steady, spread to move accurate credibility, can deliver space arbitrarily sport and the motive of the of two stalks;Power and speed scope ② applies are wide； ③ spreads to move an efficiency high, =0.92.0.98； ④ work is dependable, service life long； ⑤ Outline size outside the is small, structure tightly packed.The wheel gear constituted to;;;from wheel gear, stalk, bearings and box body decelerates a machine, useding for prime mover and work machine or performance organization of, have already matched to turn soon and deliver a function of turning , the application is extremely extensive in the modern machine. ⑥ Local deceleration machine much with the wheel gear spread to move, the pole spread to move for lord, but widespread exist power and weight ratio small, or spread to move ratio big but the machine efficiency lead a low problem.There are also many weaknesses on material quality and craft level moreover, the especially large deceleration machines problem is more outstanding, the service life isnt long.The deceleration machine of abroad, with Germany, Denmark and Japan be placed in to lead a position, occupying advantage in the material and the manufacturing craft specially, decelerating the machine work credibility like, service life long.But it spreads to move a form to still take settling stalk wheel gear to spread to move as lord, physical volume and weight problem, dont also resolve like The direction which decelerates a machine to is the facing big power and spread to move ratio, small physical volume, high machine efficiency and service life to grow greatly nowadays develops.Decelerating the connecting of machine and electric motor body structure is also the form which expands strongly, and have already produced various structure forms and various products of power model numbers.Be close to ten several in the last yearses, control a technical development because of the modern calculator technique and the number, make the machine process accuracy, process an efficiency to raise consumedly, pushed a machine to spread the diversification of movable property article thus, the mold piece of the whole machine kit turns, standardizing, and shape design the art turn, making product more fine, the beauty turns. Become a set a machine material in 21 centuries medium, the wheel gear is still a machine to spread a dynamic basic parts.CNC tool machine and the craft technical development, pushed a machine to spread to move structure to fly to develop soon.Be spreading to move the electronics control, liquid in the system design to press to spread to move, wheel gear, take the mixture of chain to spread to move, will become become soon a box to design in excellent turn to spread to move a combination of direction.The academics that is in spread move the design crosses, will become new spread a movable property article the important trend of the development. Essential character:Reduction gear、Bearing 、gear 、mechanical drive 摘要 齿轮传动是现代机械中应用最广的一种传动形式.它的主要优点是： ① 瞬时传动比恒定、工作平稳、传动准确可靠，可传递空间任意两轴之间的运动和动力； ② 适用的功率和速度范围广； ③ 传动效率高，=0.92.0.98； ④ 工作可靠、使用寿命长； ⑤ 外轮廓尺寸小、结构紧凑.由齿轮、轴、轴承及箱体组成的齿轮减速器，用于原动机和工作机或执行机构之间，起匹配转速和传递转矩的作用，在现代机械中应用极为广泛. 国内的减速器多以齿轮传动、蜗杆传动为主，但普遍存在着功率与重量比小，或者传动比大而机械效率过低的问题.另外，材料品质和工艺水平上还有许多弱点，特别是大型的减速器问题更突出，使用寿命不长.国外的减速器，以德国、丹麦和日本处于领先地位，特别在材料和制造工艺方面占据优势，减速器工作可靠性好，使用寿命长.但其传动形式仍以定轴齿轮传动为主，体积和重量问题，也未解决好. 当今的减速器是向着大功率、大传动比、小体积、高机械效率以及使用寿命长的方向发展.减速器与电动机的连体结构，也是大力开拓的形式，并已生产多种结构形式和多种功率型号的产品.近十几年来，由于近代计算机技术与数控技术的发展，使得机械加工精度，加工效率大大提高，从而推动了机械传动产品的多样化，整机配套的模块化，标准化，以及造型设计艺术化，使产品更加精致，美观化. 在21世纪成套机械装备中，齿轮仍然是机械传动的基本部件.CNC机床和工艺技术的发展，推动了机械传动结构的飞速发展.在传动系统设计中的电子控制、液压传动、齿轮、带链的混。
8.机电一体化有关轴类零件的毕业论文
基于实例与规则混合推理的轴类零件工艺设计 摘要计算机辅助工艺过程规划系统 （CAppeomputer川 dedproeessplanning）是伴随着当代机械制造领域的转型和计算机技术的迅猛发展而应运而生的，它在利用工艺人员的经验知识和各种工艺数据进行科学的决策、自动生成工艺规程、辅助完成计算工序尺寸、绘制工序图、选择切削参数和优化工艺设计结果等方面的良好表现为工艺设计的数字化、智能化和自动化提供了很好的技术支撑。
提高CAPP系统的功能、实用性、适应能力、通用性和智能水平是当前CA卫P发展的主要趋势。本文针对当前工艺设计及CA卫P系统研制中存在的问题，以轴类为研究对象，开展了基于规则推理（RBR即Rule一 BasedReasoning）和基于实例推理（eBR即ease一 BaseaReasoning）的CApp系统关键技术的研究。
（1）建立实例库与规则库：实例库中的实例来源于具体产品中轴类零件的工艺（工序、工步）卡片，是利用某种知识表达的方式将工艺卡片中的内容转换为计算机能够识别的语言，以数据管理的方式存放在数据库中；规则库中的工艺规则来源于机械工艺加工手册、从事工艺工作具有丰富经验的专家等，以某种工艺知识表达方式（产生式规则、语义网络、框架等）将这些知识描述为计算机能够识别的语言，并将之存储于数据库中。（2）实现从实例库中提取相似零件或零件相似部分工艺信息与工艺方案的评价：考虑零件种类、基本形状、热处理方式、毛坯类型、表面粗糙度等有关因素，确定一个或多个衡量相似程度的重要指标，并利用有关计算方法，如：遗传算法、人工智能、相似元等，计算零件之间的相似系数，选取相似系数大的作为源零件。
最后，运用层次分析法对检索到的多组工艺方案进行评价。（3）建立工艺性冲突机制：检测从实例库中生成的轴类零件工艺信息与规则库中工艺规则之间存在的冲突，通过适当的调整完善得到新轴类零件的工艺信息。
通过本文的研究，作者认为在工艺设计中采用基于规则推理与基于实例推理相结合的技术，可以有效地解决工艺知识获取的“瓶颈”问题。关键字：基于规则，基于实例，CA卫P，相似元毛沂.大学硕士学位论文ABSTRACTCA卫 p() .Itmakesuseofthe , ,to , , , , toaidoPtimizing ProeessPlanningandete. thedigitalization, . , .practicalit%ad即 卫p 卫 PdeveloPment. 卫 Psystem, 卫 . (1): fromthecraft(workingProeedure, laborsteP)eardsofshafts' PartinsomeProduet.lt ' 5way.Thenwe· willdeP0sitthe ' 5way.TheruleofRBR . exPressionway, , semantienetwork, frameand50on. . (2) Plan:, suchashecomPonentst邓e, thebasieshape,the heattreatmentway, , ,it , andusestherelated comPutationalmethod, , , cireleof similitudeand50on,co力 , thenhassimilarity faetorassourceParts.Finally, itapPraisesthemulti一 . (3): andintheRBRstorehouse. .T七 roughthisPaperstudy, effectivelythe“bottleneek,, questioninthecraft. KeyW6。
转载请注明出处众文网 » 轴的结构设计英语毕业论文