众文网1.土木工程英语论文翻译
可以看看这个 呵呵 是 土木专业英语上的课文 building types and designA building is closely bound up with people,for it provides with the necessary space to work and live in .As classified by their use ,buildings are mainly of two types :industrial buildings and civil buildings .industrial buildings are used by various factories or industrial production while civil buildings are those that are used by people for dwelling ,employment ,education and other social activities .Industrial buildings are factory buildings that are available for processing and manufacturing of various kinds ,in such fields as the mining industry ,the metallurgical industry ,machine building ,the chemical industry and the textile industry . factory buildings can be classified into two types single-story ones and multi-story ones .the construction of industrial buildings is the same as that of civil buildings .however ,industrial and civil buildings differ in the materials used and in the way they are used .Civil buildings are divided into two broad categories: residential buildings and public buildings .residential buildings should suit family life .each flat should consist of at least three necessary rooms : a living room ,a kitchen and a toilet .public buildings can be used in politics ,cultural activities ,administration work and other services ,such as schools, office buildings, parks ,hospitals ,shops ,stations ,theatres ,gymnasiums ,hotels ,exhibition halls ,bath pools ,and so on .all of them have different functions ,which in turn require different design types as well. Housing is the living quarters for human beings .the basic function of housing is to provide shelter from the elements ,but people today require much more that of their housing .a family moving into a new neighborhood will to know if the available housing meets its standards of safety ,health ,and comfort .a family will also ask how near the housing is to grain shops ,food markets ,schools ,stores ,the library ,a movie theater ,and the community center .In the mid-1960's a most important value in housing was sufficient space both inside and out .a majority of families preferred single-family homes on about half an acre of land ,which would provide space for spare-time activities .in highly industrialized countries ,many families preferred to live as far out as possible from the center of a metropolitan area ,even if the wage earners had to travel some distance to their work .quite a large number of families preferred country housing to suburban housing because their chief aim was to get far away from noise ,crowding ,and confusion .the accessibility of public transportation had ceased to be a decisive factor in housing because most workers drove their cars to work .people we're chiefly interested in the arrangement and size of rooms and the number of bedrooms .Before any of the building can begin ,plans have to be drawn to show what the building will be like ,the exact place in which it is to go and how everything is to be done.An important point in building design is the layout of rooms ,which should provide the greatest possible convenience in relation to the purposes for which they are intended .in a dwelling house ,the layout may be considered under three categories : “day”, “night” ,and “services” .attention must be paid to the provision of easy communication between these areas .the “day “rooms generally include a dining-room ,sitting-room and kitchen ,but other rooms ,such as a study ,may be added ,and there may be a hall .the living-room ,which is generally the largest ,often serves as a dining-room ,too ,or the kitchen may have a dining alcove .the “night “rooms consist of the bedrooms .the “services “comprise the kitchen ,bathrooms ,larder ,and water-closets .the kitchen and larder connect the services with the day rooms .It is also essential to consider the question of outlook from the various rooms ,and those most in use should preferably face south as possible .it is ,however ,often very difficult to meet the optimum requirements ,both on account of the surroundings and the location of the roads .in resolving these complex problems ,it is also necessary to follow the local town-planning regulations which are concerned with public amenities ,density of population ,height of buildings ,proportion of green space to dwellings ,building lines ,the general appearance of new properties in relation to the neighbourhood ,and so on .There is little standardization in industrial buildings although such buildings still need to comply with local town-planning regulations .the modern trend is towards light ,airy factory buildings .generally of reinforced concrete or metal construction ,a factory can 。
2.我想翻译一篇土木工程的文献 英译汉的
位移矢量的组件将被用，。如果这些位移不是常数在整个场有变形，或菌株。在图13.1菌株在x,y平面显示。
长度的变化的一个元素的原始长度，除以该原始长度，是横向应变。这种应变可表示为位移
差异，见图13.1，通过：
长度的变化的一个元素的原始长度，除以该原始长度、纵向应变。其定义的角度位移，见图13.1,
Becausecan增加在y方向，只有x轴向，正确的角在左下角的元素可能会变得有点小。一个一半的这种减少是指示为剪切应变，
相似的菌株可能发生在其他飞机，当然，类似的定义。在三维情况下的基因艾尔的定义应变组件：
3.跪求一篇关于土木工程的中英文翻译论文 5000字 毕业用的 在线等
Improved nonlinear plastic hinge analysis of space frame structures J.Y. Richard Liew a,*, H. Chen a, N.E. Shanmugam a, W.F. Chen b a Department of Civil Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Singapore b School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA Received 5 January 1999; received in revised form 17 August 1999; accepted 25 August 1999 Abstract This paper is concerned with second-order plastic hinge analysis of three-dimensional frame structures. The beam–column formulation is based on the use of stability interpolation functions for the transverse displacements, and considers the elastic coupling effects between axial, flexural and torsional displacements. The developed computer program can be used to predict accurately the elastic flexural buckling load of columns and frames by modelling each physical member as one element. It can also be used to predict the elastic buckling loads associated with axial-torsional and lateral-torsional instabilities, which are essential for predicting the nonlinear behaviour of space frame structures. The member bowing effect and initial out-of-straightness are also considered so that the nonlinear spatial behaviour of structures can be captured with fewer elements per member. Material nonlinearity is modelled by using the concentrated plastic hinge approach. Plastic hinge between the member ends is allowed to occur. Numerical examples including both geometric and material nonlinearities are used to demonstrate the robustness, accuracy and efficiency of the proposed analytical method and computer program. Ó 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Advanced analysis; Buckling; Nonlinear analysis; Plastic hinges; Space frames; Instability1. Introduction Two-dimensional (2-D) plastic hinge analysis of plane frames composed of members with compact section,fully braced out-of-plane, has been the subject for investigation in recent years. The theory for advanced inelastic analysis of rigid and semi-rigid 2-D frames has been well developed and verified by tests [1,2]. These analysis methods fulfil the requirements for the prediction of member strength and stability, with some constraints,satisfying the conventional column and beam–column design limit-state checks. Although there have been much work on the plastic hinge analysis of 3-D frame structures, the issues related to different theoretical and numerical formulations and their accuracy and efficiency in solving large frameworks are not addressed well. The research presented in this paper is an extension of advanced analysis for 2-D frames [2] to 3-D frames [3–5], reflecting the current trend towards the rationalisation of advanced analysis procedures.* Corresponding 改进非线性塑性铰空间框架结构的分析 摘要：这份研究报告表明三维的框架结构与二维逻辑性塑性铰的关联，梁柱公式化的表述并嵌入横断面移动为基准，并考虑轴力、弯曲和扭力的移位之间的关系。
发达的计算机程序作出通过每个物质成分作为一个基本部件做模型的塔器和框架可弯曲的负载量，它也能预报可弯曲负载量与轴向扭力和横向扭力的不稳定性的关联，这对预报非线性空间结构的作用是必不可少的，以便非线性空间结构的性能和部分成分一些原理能被输入计算机。重要的非线性通过使用浓缩的塑性铰方式被制作模型，塑性铰和成分末端是容许存在。
数值的例子包括集合学和重要的非线性，两者习惯于证明目的的分析方法和电脑程序的稳定性，精确性。
4.急需土木工程毕业论文相关的英语翻译,一万个单词,有的帅哥美女们
Paper Keywords: civil status and development trendAbstract: Modern Civil Engineering keep human society to create a new physical environment, as human society, an important part of modern civilization. This article discusses the meaning of Civil Engineering, status and future trends. the history of human civilization, civil engineering and the natural struggle in constant progress and development. In China's modernization construction, civil engineering sector has increasingly become a pillar industry in national economic development. Meanwhile, with the social and technological development, building size, functionality, style and the corresponding large-scale construction techniques become more complex and diverse, using new materials, new equipment, new technology and the construction of the structure rapid technological change, energy-saving technology, information control, ecological technology, the combination of growing and building, construction and building itself is a complex support of many new technologies. The high-rise and large span buildings, large span bridges and structures as large and complex technology is the core of modern structures to represent the development of a country's level of construction science and technology an important symbol. All of this is that more and more in civil engineering technology and innovation reflects the role, who can grasp the turn of the century the development trend of the Civil Engineering discipline. Who will be able to create a knowledge economy era of the Civil Engineering disciplines.First, the meaning of Civil of various types of civil engineering facilities is the science, technology and engineering in general. Civil Engineering are two aspects to understand the meaning. Layer of meaning refers to human life and production activities related to various types of engineering facilities, such as construction, road and urban road projects, hydropower and water conservancy bureau dam, railway engineering, bridge engineering, tunnel engineering, engineering, development and utilization of underground space . Another layer of meaning refers to the application materials for the construction of project facilities, construction equipment, carried out on the land survey, design, construction and other engineering activities. After years of development, civil engineering practice and research has made remarkable achievements, both mechanical analysis of the structure, or design theory and methods and structure of the project means to have a very big breakthrough; particularly in the last several years , at the top, large span structures and steel in particular has performed amazing. However, the future, there are still many areas of civil engineering issues we need to be further explored.Second, the development status of Civil EngineeringChina Civil Engineering Construction 50s from the 20th century has not stopped since, and has developed rapidly, especially in recent years, the development is extremely rapid, almost the whole of China has become a big construction site. The new high-rise buildings, exhibition centers, railways, highways, bridges, ports and waterways in large water sprung up across the country, the new structure, new materials, new technology and vigorously research, development and application. Rapid development, the number is huge, so amazed the world.End of 2000, China's railway operator has reached 67,800 kilometers away, the world No. 4, in Asia. Urban Light Rail and Metro Rail towards the development of the two sides. Meanwhile, China is also actively building high-speed railway between Wuhan and Guangzhou high-speed railway operating time is only 4 hours. In addition, the magnetic levitation train is also developing. Bridge project has also made remarkable achievements, along with the constant renovation of the bridge types, the main breakthrough in cross-span again. Yangpu Bridge, Nanpu Bridge, Wuhu Yangtze River Bridge, Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge and other built-span bridges span both the structure indicates that China has reached a new level, has entered the ranks of the advanced world level. At present, China has built three meters above the bridge, 800m above the bridge 8, 600m above the bridge 15, 400m above the bridge 40, Chongqing Wanxian hole span of 420m of reinforced concrete on the bridge has attracted a great world counterparts interest. In water construction, 50 years to build medium and small reservoirs nationwide 86,000, total reservoir storage capacity of 458 billion cubic meters. Embankment 。
5.跪求关于土木工程方面的英语翻译论文,中英文都有的~~~
太长了，我把中英分开吧.土木工程的英文是Civil Engineering ，直译是民用工程，它是建造各种工程的统称。
它既指建设的对象，即建造在地上，地下，水中的工程设施，也指应用的材料设备和进行的勘测，设计施工，保养，维修等专业技术。土木工程随着人类社会的进步而发展，至今已经演变成为大型综合性的学科，它已经出许多分支，如：建筑工程，铁路工程，道路工程，桥梁工程，特种工程结构，给水排水工程，港口工程，水利工程，环境工程等学科。
土木工程共有六个专业：建筑学，城市规划，土木工程，建筑环境与设备工程，给水排水工程和道路桥梁工程。 土木工程作为一个重要的基础学科，有其重要的属性：综合性，社会性，实践性，统一性。
土木工程为国民经济的发展和人民生活的改善提供了重要的物质技术基础，对众多产业的振兴发挥了促进作用，工程建设是形成固定资产的基本生产过程，因此，建筑业和房地产成为许多国家和地区的经济支柱之一。 . 古代的土木工程有很长的时间跨度，大致从公元前500年新石器时代出现原始的土木工程活动到16世纪末意大利的文艺复兴，导致土木工程走上迅速发展的道路为止，前后经历了两千多年。
在这段时间内，由于科学理论发展及其缓慢，土木工程也没有突破习惯的发展。 从17世纪中页开始到20 世纪40年代第二次世界大战结束为止的300年间，国外的建筑取得了长足的进步。
土木工程进入了定量分析阶段。一些理论的发展，新材料的出现，新工具的发明，都使土木工程科学日渐完善和成熟。
到了近代，二战结束之后，许多国家经济起飞，现代科学日益进步，从而为进一步发展提供了强大的动力和物质基础。 人们生活水平的不断提高，必然要求越来越舒适的居住环境，在这种情况下，建筑的发展直接推动了土木工程的发展。
总的来说土木工程是一门古老的学科，它已经取得了巨大的成就，未来的土木工程将在人们的生活中占据更重要的地位。地球环境的日益恶化，人口的不断增加，人们为了争取生存，为了争取更舒适的生存环境，必将更加重视土木工程。
在不久的将来，一些重大项目将会陆续兴建，插入云霄的摩天大楼，横跨大样的桥梁，更加方便的交通将不是梦想。科技的发展，以及地球不断恶化的环境必将促使土木工程向太空和海洋发展，为人类提供更广阔的生存空间。
近年来，工程材料主要是钢筋，混凝土，木材和砖材，在未来，传统材料将得到改观，一些全新的更加适合建筑的材料将问世，尤其是化学合成材料将推动建筑走向更高点。同时，设计方法的精确化，设计工作的自动化，信息和智能话技术的全面引入，将会是人们有一个更加舒适的居住环境。
一句话，理论的发展，新材料的出现，计算机的应用，高新技术的引入等都将使土木工程有一个新的飞跃. English is the Civil Engineering Civil Engineering, civil engineering is literally, it is the construction of the project collectively. It means building objects that the construction on the ground, underground, water works facilities, equipment and materials to use in surveying, design construction, maintenance, repair and other professional skills. Civil Engineering with the progress of the human society, has been transformed into large integrated disciplines, it has a number of branches, such as : construction, rail projects, road projects, bridge projects, special project structure, water drainage works, the port project, water, environmental engineering disciplines. A total of six professional Civil Engineering : architecture, urban planning, civil engineering, construction and environmental engineering equipment, water drainage works and road bridge project. Civil Engineering as an important foundation subjects, its important attribute : an integrated, social, practicality, uniformity. Civil Engineering for the development of the national economy and improve the living standards of the people provided important material and technological foundation for the revitalization of many industries played a catalytic role in the construction of fixed assets is a basic production process, the construction and real estate in many countries and regions become a pillar of the economy Ancient Civil Engineering has a long time span, roughly 500 years before Christ from the original date in civil engineering activities to the 16 century Italian Renaissance, resulting in the rapid development of the Civil Engineering on the road today, and has experienced more than 2,000 years. During this period, due to the development of scientific theories and slow, there is no breakthrough in civil engineering practices.Century from 17 pages to 40 years in the 20th century end of the Second World War 300 years, foreign construction made great strides. Civil Engineering has entered a phase of quantitative analysis. Some theoretical development, the emergence of new materials, new tools of invention, the Civil Engineering 。
6.求一篇英文一万字,土木工程方面的英文文献翻译,中文大概三四千字
4.5 Strength criteria for isotropic rock material4.5.1 Types of strength criterionA peak strength criterion is a relation between stress components which will permit the peak strengths developed under various stress combinations to be predicted. Similarly, a residual strength criterion may be used to predict residual strengths under varying stress conditions. In the same way, a yield criterion is a relation between stress components which is satisfied at the onset of permanent deformation. Given that effective stresses control the stress-strain behaviour of rocks, strength and yield criteria are best written in effective stress form. However, around most mining excavations, the pore-water will be low, if not zero, and so .For this reason it is common in mining rock mechanics to use total stresses in the majority of cases and to use effective stress criteria only in special circumstance. The data presented in the preceding sections indicate that the general form of the peak strength criterion should be (4.8)This is sometimes written in terms of the shear, and normal stresses, on a particular plane in the specimen: (4.9)Because the available data indicate that the intermediate principal stress, has less influence on peak strength than the minor principal stress, all of the criteria used in practice are reduced to the form (4.10)4.5.2 Coulomb's shear strength criterionIn one of the classic paper of rock and of engineering science, Coulomb(1977) postulated that the shear strengths of rock and of soil are made up of two part – a constant cohesion and a normal stress-dependent frictional component. (Actually, Coulomb presented his ideas and calculations in terms of forces; the differential concept of stress that we use today was not introduced until the 1820s.) Thus, the shear strength that can be developed on a plane such as ab in figure 4.22 is (4.11)Where c=cohesion and Ф= angle of internal friction.Applying the stress transformation equation to the case shown in figure 4.22 givesAndSubstitution for and s = τ in equation 4.11 and rearranging gives the limiting stress condition on any plane defined by β as (4.12) There will be a critical plane on which the available shear strength will be first reaches as б1 is increased. The Mohr circle construction of Figure 4023a given the orientation of this critical plane as (4.13)This result may also be obtained by putting d(s-τ)/dβ = 0 For the critical plane, sin2β = cosФ， cos2β = -sinФ， and equation 4.12 reduces to (4.14)This linear relation between and the peak value of is shown in Figure 4.23b. Note that the slope of this envelope is related to Ф by the equation (4.15)And that the uniaxial compressive strength is related to c and Ф by (4.16) If the Coulomb shown in Figure 4.23b is extrapolated to = 0, it will intersect the axis at an apparent value of uniaxial strength of the material given by (4.17)The measurement of the uniaxial tensile strength of rock is fraught with difficulty. However, when it is satisfactorily measured, it takes values that are generally lower than those predicted value of uniaxial tensile stress, =0. Although it is widely used, Coulomb's criterion is not a particularly satisfactory peak strength criterion for rock material. The reasons for this are:(a) It implies that a major shear fracture exist at peak strength. Observations such as those made by Wawersik and Fairhurst(1970) show that is not always the case.(b) It implies a direction of shear failure which does not always agree with experimental observations.(c) Experimental peak strength envelopes are generally non-linear. They can be considered linear only over limited ranges of or . For these reasons, other peak strength criteria are preferred for intact rock. However, the Coulomb criterion can provide a good representation of residual strength conditions, and more particularly, of the shear strength of discontinuities in rock (section 4.7).4.5.3 Griffith crack theoryIn another of the classic papers of engineering science, Griffith (1921) postulated that fracture of brittle materials, such as steel and glass, is initial at tensile stress concentrations at the tips of minute, thin cracks (now referred to as Griffith based his determination of the conditions under which a crack would extend on his energy instability concept: A crack will extend only when the total potential energy of the system of applied forces and material decreases or remains constant with an increase in crack length.ROCK STRENGTH AND DEFORMABILITY For the case in which the potential energy of the applied forces is taken to be constant throughout, the criterion for crack extension may be written (4.19)Where c is a crack length parameter, We is the 。
7.翻译一篇土木工程的论文摘要
On the Building Construction Problems and Suggestions
Abstract
With the accelerated process of urbanization, China has become the world's largest national housing construction, thereby increasing the quality of construction is particularly important. To improve construction quality, we must first do a good job engineering survey and design, followed by the owner, design, construction, supervision and other parties of the collaboration is a prerequisite for quality assurance. Furthermore, we need standardized supervision and strengthen the quality of the construction supervision team and do a visa process sub-projects a good job in technological innovation. For the benefit of future generations, prevent and reduce accidents, to protect people's lives and property safety, so that society as a whole focus on quality. Engineering Quality in Construction problem is the core issue is to determine the key to the success of project construction. With economic development, engineering, construction tasks, increasing the quality engineering continue to emerge at the same time, there's shabby work to make the country suffer great losses to people's lives and posed a serious threat aroused widespread concern.
Keywords: construction, construction management, engineering, quality, supervision
我是按照楼主的格式翻译的，你看看满意否。
转载请注明出处众文网 » 土木工程毕业论文英文和翻译(土木工程英语论文翻译)