众文网1.帮忙翻译一篇5000字的英文文献
1.3 Aquaculture Industrialization in Developing Countries 13水产产业化在发展中国家Industrialization and commercialization will likely shape aquaculture development in developing regions throughout the world with growth trends mirroring 21 those observed in the United States during the 20th century. In particular, most food industries in the United States, including aquaculture, have shifted away from traditional 工业化、商品化水产养殖的发展将很可能在发展中地区形状全世界提供增长趋势镜像21所观察到的现象在美国二十世纪期间。
特别指出的是，目前在美国食品行业，包括养殖、迁走了从传统practices by which individual farmers both produce and distribute food in small scale to 这两个习惯，个体农民的生产和发行规模小，食物local or regional markets. Many food system industries are now industrialized operations 当地或区域的市场。许多食物系统行业现在是工业化的操作in which three principal components: manufacturing, processing, and distribution are able 在这三个主分量：生产、加工、配送能力出众to operate independently and in large-scale. The aquaculture industry is still in early 自主经营和规模宏大。
水产养殖产业尚处于早期stages of industrialization compared to other agriculture sectors, yet the trend towards 比起其他的工业化阶段，然而农业领域的发展趋势commercialization and de-coupling of its principal components are already well de-coupling和商业化的主成分已经够好了underway. 开始工作。Predicting the specific mechanisms by which the aquaculture industry will grow， 预测的具体机制水产业将会加剧，based on the analysis of past market changes, is difficult as data on the aggregation and 分析的基础上，过去的市场变化，已经够艰难的数据聚集和market concentrations of agriculture and aquaculture system components for the United 农业市场和水产养殖的浓度为曼联系统组件States have only been collected since the early 1980's with the exception of fruit and 州只有被收藏之初以来1980年的除了水果和vegetables (Dimitri, 1999). However, traditional agriculture markets are clearly being 蔬菜（迪米特里，1999）。
然而，传统农业市场都有明确的存在replaced by vertical integration, strategic alliances, and contracts (Rogers, 2000; 2001). 取而代之的垂直整合，战略联盟，合同（·罗杰斯，2000;2001年）。As a result, operations for each of the three stages of food systems are becoming larger 作为一个结果，操作的每个三个阶段的食物系统已经变得更大and more efficient, but fewer in number. Moreover, aquaculture businesses within the 更少、更高效，但在数字。
此外，在水产养殖企业United States are now able to operate in large-scale as they coordinate business functions 美国现在能够在大型作为他们协调业务功能within an industry network comprised of multiple strategic partnerships. Such networks 在一个工业网络包含在多样的战略伙伴关系。这样的网络serve to coordinate supply and demand in large-scale. Building similar business 服务协调供需规模宏大。
建设同类业务frameworks in developing regions of the world will likely play an equally critical role in 框架在发展中国家可能会起到同等重要的作用the development of agriculture and aquaculture sectors. 农业的发展和水产养殖等行业。22 22With the anticipation of future development of aquaculture supporting 预期未来与养殖业的发展支持infrastructures, new business model opportunities will likely develop which will further 基础设施、新的商业模式的机会也可能这将进一步发展enhance the global connectivity of the aquaculture industry. Already, a number of 提高全球的连通性养殖业。
已，相当多的businesses are able to transport aquaculture products internationally to satisfy global 商人能够养殖水产品国际运输，以满足全球needs. In fact, the United States is a net importer of aquaculture products. However, as 需要。事实上，美国是养殖水产品的净进口国。
然而，随着the aquaculture industry becomes increasingly connected on a global scale, it will likely 水产养殖事业越来越连接在全球范围内，它可能会be transformed under multi-national business models much like those observed in 在跨国经营模式转变中所观察到的一样advanced manufacturing industries (e.g. automotive industry). For example, a Japanese 先进制造业（如汽车行业）。例如，一个日本car company operating a facility in the United States may have several components 汽车公司操作的一种设施在美国可能有几个部件manufactured from raw materials in places such as Germany and Russia. Those 从原料制造的地方，如德国和俄罗斯。
那些components may then be shipped to Japan where they are assembled into a subcomponent 组件可能会被运往日本的地方，他们受到组合成。
2.论文5000字怎么写
论文格式
1、论文题目：要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。
2、目录：目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录）
3、提要：是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。
4、关键词或主题词：关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。
主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。
5、论文正文：
(1)引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义， 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。
〈2）论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容：
a.提出-论点；
b.分析问题-论据和论证；
c.解决问题-论证与步骤；
d.结论。
6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。
中文：标题--作者--出版物信息（版地、版者、版期）：作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是：
(1)所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。
(2)所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。
3.求大神
童鞋你好！
这个估计需要自己搜索了！
当然了，如果果真找不到追问一下！
网上基本很难找到免费给你服务的！
我在这里给你点搜索国际上常用的外文数据库：
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⑴ISI web of knowledge Engineering Village2
⑵Elsevier SDOL数据库 IEEE/IEE(IEL)
⑶EBSCOhost RSC英国皇家化学学会
⑷ACM美国计算机学会 ASCE美国土木工程师学会
⑸Springer电子期刊 WorldSciNet电子期刊全文库
⑹Nature周刊 NetLibrary电子图书
⑺ProQuest学位论文全文数据库
⑻国道外文专题数据库 CALIS西文期刊目次数据库
⑼推荐使用ISI web of knowledge Engineering Village2
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中文翻译得自己做了，实在不成就谷歌翻译。
弄完之后，自己阅读几遍弄顺了就成啦！
学校以及老师都不会看这个东西的！
外文翻译不是论文的主要内容！
所以，很容易过去的！
祝你好运！
4.跪求一篇关于土木工程的中英文翻译论文 5000字 毕业用的 在线等
Improved nonlinear plastic hinge analysis of space frame structures J.Y. Richard Liew a,*, H. Chen a, N.E. Shanmugam a, W.F. Chen b a Department of Civil Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Singapore b School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA Received 5 January 1999; received in revised form 17 August 1999; accepted 25 August 1999 Abstract This paper is concerned with second-order plastic hinge analysis of three-dimensional frame structures. The beam–column formulation is based on the use of stability interpolation functions for the transverse displacements, and considers the elastic coupling effects between axial, flexural and torsional displacements. The developed computer program can be used to predict accurately the elastic flexural buckling load of columns and frames by modelling each physical member as one element. It can also be used to predict the elastic buckling loads associated with axial-torsional and lateral-torsional instabilities, which are essential for predicting the nonlinear behaviour of space frame structures. The member bowing effect and initial out-of-straightness are also considered so that the nonlinear spatial behaviour of structures can be captured with fewer elements per member. Material nonlinearity is modelled by using the concentrated plastic hinge approach. Plastic hinge between the member ends is allowed to occur. Numerical examples including both geometric and material nonlinearities are used to demonstrate the robustness, accuracy and efficiency of the proposed analytical method and computer program. Ó 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Advanced analysis; Buckling; Nonlinear analysis; Plastic hinges; Space frames; Instability1. Introduction Two-dimensional (2-D) plastic hinge analysis of plane frames composed of members with compact section,fully braced out-of-plane, has been the subject for investigation in recent years. The theory for advanced inelastic analysis of rigid and semi-rigid 2-D frames has been well developed and verified by tests [1,2]. These analysis methods fulfil the requirements for the prediction of member strength and stability, with some constraints,satisfying the conventional column and beam–column design limit-state checks. Although there have been much work on the plastic hinge analysis of 3-D frame structures, the issues related to different theoretical and numerical formulations and their accuracy and efficiency in solving large frameworks are not addressed well. The research presented in this paper is an extension of advanced analysis for 2-D frames [2] to 3-D frames [3–5], reflecting the current trend towards the rationalisation of advanced analysis procedures.* Corresponding 改进非线性塑性铰空间框架结构的分析 摘要：这份研究报告表明三维的框架结构与二维逻辑性塑性铰的关联，梁柱公式化的表述并嵌入横断面移动为基准，并考虑轴力、弯曲和扭力的移位之间的关系。
发达的计算机程序作出通过每个物质成分作为一个基本部件做模型的塔器和框架可弯曲的负载量，它也能预报可弯曲负载量与轴向扭力和横向扭力的不稳定性的关联，这对预报非线性空间结构的作用是必不可少的，以便非线性空间结构的性能和部分成分一些原理能被输入计算机。重要的非线性通过使用浓缩的塑性铰方式被制作模型，塑性铰和成分末端是容许存在。
数值的例子包括集合学和重要的非线性，两者习惯于证明目的的分析方法和电脑程序的稳定性，精确性。
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