众文网1.急求一篇土木工程毕业论文英文文献及翻译,不少于3000个单词
Research on the construction safety management of Civil EngineeringIn recent years, the construction accident in civil engineering in our country often occur. This not only caused casualties, also caused great loss of national property, and resulting in a very bad social influence. Therefore, in our country, the construction units in the civil engineering construction projects, shouldstrengthen the construction safety management, all aspects ofsecurity control for engineering, to prevent dangerous accidentsin the end it all. The cause of the civil engineering constructionaccidents are in many aspects. In order to enhance security,should be combined with the characteristics of construction projects and the enterprise's internal and external conditions, the rational allocation of production factors, optimization of management process. In order to realize the construction safetymanagement, construction units should establish a safety management system of a project, it should be carried out from the following aspects:A construction safety consciousness, cultivate the modern safety science theory, occurrence of unsafe human behavior causedcasualties. To implement safety management, it should becombined with psychology, behavioral science to strengthen the education and training of employees in production safety,improve the consciousness of safe production, so as to guide the safety production behavior of employees. For the construction enterprises should strengthen safety awareness and educationproject personnel, developing the regular safety education to the construction personnel involved in the project, and to carry outsecurity work. Three level education to the new participate in the work of the operating personnel; often transform types of employees, should be safety training for new types of work, makeoperation personnel matters needing attention can be familiar with the safe operation of the. In order to make safe win support among the people, enterprisemanagement personnel but also in engineering project, using a variety of promotional tools to start a variety of education,cultivate the construction personnel safety consciousness. Andin the management of enterprises, the production safety systemthought to. Leaders at all levels and enterprises in issuing the project production task, should also carry out safety productionmeasures. Such as the production safety requirements to the construction personnel, so conducive to safe thought into the production of management, let each employee has consciously in the psychological sense of security.Two, the establishment of management system for safety in production in addition to strengthen production safety education and awareness of construction project staff, should alsoestablish a safety management system, protect the system from the construction enterprise safety in production of. In order toavoid the frequent occurrence of sudden accident, the construction enterprise should according to the project, to develop a comprehensive, the system of safety management,and invest the necessary manpower and funds to ensure the implementation of the project. Ensure the production safetyconstruction from the system implementation, the project section of construction enterprises should establish the safety inspectionsystem, and regularly to the project construction of the security check. Make a clear record of project construction process,record the dangerous post, and regularly check the work. Self evaluation and construction team every week to organize asafety activities, the project department to make regular safetyevaluation for project production. Construction enterprises in theconstruction of civil engineering, in order to establish a safety management system, need to make corresponding technical measures for safety management system, a standard for project.Therefore, the safety work of construction enterprise project technical measures should be prior to commencement of works.As for engineering and technical measures should be strict examination and approval, the approval before implementation. If the design changes during construction, corresponding safety technical measures should be coordinated with the adjustment,will follow. The safety technical measures enacted personnel andparticipation, should fully understand the project as the construction scheme, construction environment, the actualoperation has, and combined with relevant laws and regulations or the security policy to establish safety technical measures,which can ensure the safety 。
2.毕业论文中的外文文献翻译,有什么要求
原发布者：ww83428601
毕业论文外文文献翻译要求一、翻译的外文文献可以是一篇，也可以是两篇，但英文字符要求不少于2万二、翻译的外文文献应主要选自学术期刊、学术会议的文章、有关著作及其他相关材料，应与毕业论文（设计）主题相关，并在中文译文首页用“脚注”形式注明原文作者及出处，外文原文后应附中文译文。三、中文译文的基本撰写格式为：1.题目：采用三号、黑体字、居中打印；2.正文：采用小四号、宋体字，行间距一般为固定值20磅，标准字符间距。页边距为左3cm，右2.5cm，上下各2.5cm，页面统一采用A4纸。四、英文的基本撰写格式为：1.题目：采用三号、TimesNewRoman字、加黑、居中打印2.正文：采用小四号、TimesNewRoman字。行间距一般为固定值20磅，标准字符间距。页边距为左3cm，右2.5cm，上下各2.5cm，页面统一采用A4纸.3.脚注：五号，TimesNewRoman，顺序为作者.题目.出处，五、封面格式由学校统一制作（注：封面上的“翻译题目”指中文译文的题目，封面中文小四号宋体，英文小四号TimesNewRoman），六、装订：左侧均匀装订，上下共两个钉，并按“封面、外文原文、译文”的顺序统一装订。七、忌自行更改表格样式大连工业大学艺术与信息工程学院毕业设计（论文）外文文献外文题目翻译题目系别专业班级学生姓名指导教师大连工业大学艺术与信息工程学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目名称系别专业班级学生姓名指导教师开题报告日期年月
3.毕业论文要求外文文献,外文文献需要全文翻译吗
这个不用全部翻译的，只要选择自己需要的内容翻译。
翻译的外文文献可以是一篇，也可以是两篇，但英文字符要求不少于2万。选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。
翻译的外文文献应主要选自学术期刊、学术会议的文章、有关著作及其他相关材料，应与毕业论文（设计）主题相关，并在中文译文首页用“脚注”形式注明原文作者及出处，外文原文后应附中文译文。 扩展资料： 外文翻译需要注意的问题 1、外文文献的出处不要翻译成中文，且写在中文译文的右上角（不是放在页眉处）；会议要求：名称、地点、年份、卷（期），等 。
2、作者姓名以及作者的工作单位也不用必须翻译。 3、abstract翻译成“摘要”，不要翻译成“文章摘要”等其他词语。
4、Key words翻译成“关键词” 。 5、introduction 翻译成“引言”（不是导言）。
6、注意排版格式，都是单排版，行距1.25，字号小4号，等（按照格式要求）。 7、各节的标号I、II等可以直接使用，不要再翻译成“第一部分”“第二部分”，等。
8、里面的图可以拷贝粘贴，但要将图标、横纵指标的英文标注翻译成中文。 9、里面的公式、表不可以拷贝粘贴，要自己重新录入、重新画表格。
参考资料：百度百科-毕业论文。
4.毕业论文参考文献
能再具体点么，如果你问格式的话是这样的：参考文献（顶格、四号宋体加粗）“参考文献”四字采用4号宋体加粗，后面所附的文献采用5号宋体，行间距为单倍行距，文献排列顺序按照在论文正文中出现的先后循序进行，并在正文中将参考文献引用的位置标注出来，二者编号应该是一致。
参考文献8-10篇以上，外文不少于3-5篇。参考文献格式如下：著作图书作者. 书名. 版次. 出版地：出版社， 出版年.（页次）[1] 刘国钧， 陈绍业， 王凤哲编. 图书馆目录. 北京：高等教育出版社， 1957[2] 机械工程手册编委会编. 机械工程手册：第六卷传动设计卷. 北京：机械工业出版社， 1997[3] Engel P A. Impact Wear of Materials. 2nd ed. New York: Elsevier, 1986翻译图书作者. 书名. 译者. 版次.. 出版地：出版社， 出版年.（页次）[4] （德）拉达伊D著. 焊接热效应：温度场与变形. 熊第京等译. 北京：机械工业出版社， 1997期刊作者. 文章名. 期刊名， 年， 卷（期）：起止页[5] 陶仁骥. 密码学与数学. 自然杂志， 1984, 7(3):627~629学位论文[6] 张筑生. 微分半动力系统的不变集：[学位论文] . 北京：北京大学数学系数学研究所， 1983网络文献发表者. 文章标题. 网址. 发表日期[7]董辅礽. MBO全面推广尚有困难. .cn/chinese/FI-c/245710.htm. 2003-4-7注意：（1）各项目之间的标点符号用Times New Roman小黑点“.”，文献末不加标点符号；（2）外文文献名第一个词首字母和每个实词的第一个字母大写，余为小写；（3）编著者不超过三位时，可全部照录；超过三位时，只著录三位，其后加“等”字或其他与之相应的外文字；（4）参考文献在正文中的表示方法是：序号加方括号，写在有关正文的右上角，如“二次铣削[1、2、3~5]”。
但提及的参考文献为文中的说明时，则文献序号应与正文平排，如“由参考文献[4、8、10~14]可知”。（5）附录中参考文献需另行编排序号，与正文分开，也一律用阿拉伯数字编码。
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