1.论文怎么写 基本结构
就是四个字:引,析,联,结。
1,引--引用材料(就是抄材料)。把作文题目里给的材料搬下来,但要注意控制字数,最好是100字左右
2,析--分析材料。对所引用的材料进行分析,并提出论点,字数不能多,50-100字左右
3,联--联系例子,论证观点。用古今中外的例子,正反对比,进行论证,最好还要联系一下我们自己。这是文章的大头,字数要在500字左右,最起码要用三个以上的例子,当然例子越多越好。
4,结--回扣材料,总结全文。要回扣“引”里面的材料和“析”里面的观点,做最后点题和陈述,一定要用“引”里面的材料,这是必须的,非常关键。最后总结全文,字数在100字左右。
您是哪方面的论文, 我可以给您找几篇范文看看,您做一下参考。
2.本科毕业论文的格式和要求有哪些
完整的文本应包括封面、目录、开题报告(仅纸质本要求附开题报告)、成绩与评语(仅纸质本要求附成绩与评语)、中文摘要及关键词、英文摘要及关键词、正文(包括引言、主体和结语)、注释、参考文献等。
对各部分的要求如下。 1、封面 从教务处网站的“信息公告”栏目下载统一格式的“武汉音乐学院本科生毕业论文封面”,各项信息需填写完整。
2、目录 应包括中英文摘要及关键词、正文(包括引言、主体和结语,只需标至二级标题)、注释、参考文献等(参见以下示例)。 本科生毕业论文目录示例:目 录 中文摘要及关键词 ·······································(页码) 英文摘要及关键词 ·······································(页码) 引言 ···············································(页码) 一、一级标题1 ·········································(页码) 1、二级标题1.1 ········································(页码) 2、二级标题1.2 ········································(页码) 二、二级标题2 ······································· ·(页码) 1、二级标题2.1 ········································(页码) 2、二级标题2.2 ······································· (页码) ···················································(页码) 结语 ················································(页码) 注释 ················································(页码) 参考文献 ·············································(页码) (注:如果以外文文献翻译作为毕业论文,需附外文原文) 3、开题报告 从教务处网站的“信息公告”栏目下载统一格式的“武汉音乐学院本科生毕业论文开题报告”表格,按要求分别由学生、指导教师和各教学单位考试委员会填写各项内容,在毕业论文完成之前由各教学单位保存,毕业论文完成之后,装订到论文纸质本内目录页之后。
4、论文成绩与评语 从教务处网站的“信息公告”栏目下载统一格式的“武汉音乐学院本科生毕业论文评审表”,各项内容分别由毕业生论文指导教师和教学单位考试委员会填写,装订到纸质本内开题报告之后。 5、中文摘要及关键词 中文摘要要求200字左右,关键词不超过5个,以国家颁布的《汉语主题词》为准,不得随意选取。
6、英文摘要及关键词 要求翻译准确。 7、正文(包括引言、主体和结语) ⑴ 引言:阐述选题的意义(为何进行这项研究);该课题的研究现状;拟探讨的问题和研究的目的。
⑵ 正文:要求结构严谨,逻辑严密,层次清晰,详略得当;语言、文字在符合国家标准的基础上,流畅而优美;图表、符号、谱例等统一规范; ⑶ 结语:对本文论述进行简要总结;对本文的研究进行自我评价(包括哪些问题由于什么原因还需要继续深入探讨,哪些相关问题需要另案研究等内容)。 8、注释 一律使用尾注,在“WORD”软件“插入”菜单的“引用”-“脚注和尾注”中自动生成。
如尾注内容是说明引语出处的,格式参照“参考文献”要求,但需具体注明出处页码。 9、参考文献 ⑴ 报刊:序号,作者,文章标题,出版地,报刊名称,出版时间,期号(版次),刊号。
⑵ 图书:序号,著者所在国(中国不注),著者,书名,出版地,出版社,出版时间,版次,书号。 ⑶ 网上资料:序号,作者,文献名,网址,时间。
10、页眉和页脚 文章的正文部分需统一在“WORD”软件“视图”菜单的“页眉和页脚”中用默认字体字号(即宋体小五号字)编辑页眉和页脚,页眉左端写“武汉音乐学院本科生毕业论文”字样,右端写毕业生姓名和论文题目,页脚中插入页码。 三 外文文献翻译 如以外文文献翻译作为毕业论文,文本格式与内容与一般论文要求相同,但需附外文原文(可以复印,须用A4纸张,并注明文献出处)。
3.英语翻译:本科毕业论文摘要部分,万分感谢
Fresh fruits and vegetables is essential in the daily life of residents, the price impact of theresidents' quality of life and standard of living. Not only that, the circulation of agricultural products is connected with the production and consumption of agricultural products, agricultural product market information relating to the transfer, the majority of farmers and the interests of consumers.Due to the present stage of our country's logistics technology and current level of backwardness,resulting in fresh fruits and vegetables in circulation in the process of decay, distribution costs are too high, so that the high price of fruits and vegetables.In order to suppress the fruit and vegetable prices rose too fast, safeguard the people's living standards, the government vigorously promote the "agriculture super docking", in an attempt to reduce the circulation link, reduce the circulation cost of vegetables. In many of the "agriculture super docking" model, farmers' professional cooperatives set up a joint agency running thesupermarket, the supermarket direct mode by the vast number of consumers and farmers.Therefore, fruit and vegetable supermarket chain has gradually developed, providing a variety of inexpensive fruits and vegetables to consumers.Based on the analysis of fruit and vegetable delivery of new Long Jia fruit supermarket as the foundation, through the comparison of domestic and foreign to the fresh agricultural productdistribution and distribution optimization research situation, find a suitable for small and mediumsupermarket fruit and vegetable circulation methods, and should pay attention to in the process of circulation problems, pointed out that the current government also need to do to help with supportfor small and medium supermarket fruits and vegetables, fruit and vegetable Huimin chain supermarket can better development.The innovation of this paper lies in the new Longjiaguo vegetable supermarket chain distribution as a basis, to the current domestic and foreign chain supermarket distribution model as the basis, themethod of logistics and supply chain management as the guidance, through the optimization of each part of the fruit and vegetable delivery, improve distribution efficiency, saving the cost of distribution, with species diversity, fresh, green health fruit and vegetables for the vast number ofconsumers, to further improve the cost of distribution and present situation of fruit and vegetable products market price fluctuations caused by the large, and is suitable for the development of thedistribution pattern and the government support for small and medium-sized fruit and vegetablechain.谢谢,希望帮到你。
4.本科毕业论文格式
毕业论文规范化要求毕业论文规范化要求
1,论文的主要内容及装订顺序:
[1]封面(中英文题目,作者信息)
[2]目录
[3]中文内容摘要(300字以内),关键词(3—5个)
[4]英文翻译内容摘要,关键词
[5]正文(三级小标题:章,节,小点)
[6]参考文献(至少15本书或15篇文章其中要有3篇英文的,格式参考学院统一要求)
[7]致谢
2,格式要求
[1]文稿用word文件(页面A4),统一用宋体排版.
页面设置:
纸型:A4标准纸 方向:纵向
页边距:左3cm 右2.8cm;上,下边距为默认值:上2.54cm 下2.54cm
页眉1.5cm,页脚1.75cm
格式:
正文行距:(多倍行距)1.25倍
字号:
中英文题目:3号字
中英文内容摘要,关键词,参考文献:5号字
其他全部:小4号字
[2]图表要求:图面整洁,布局合理,线条粗细均匀,弧线连接光滑,尺寸标注规范,符合制图标准.插图和表格均需有编号和标题,图标题为5号字,表标题为小4号.
如:
表一 学生学习情况调查表
图1 相轨迹图
5,曲线,图表要求:所有曲线,图表,线路图,程序框图,示意图等不得简单徒手画,必须按工程要求绘制.
3,字数要求:
[1] 本科论文字数文科不得少于1.2万字,理工科不得少于8千字;
[2] 专科论文字数不得少于6000字.
4,最后应交的东西:
[1]任务书(指导教师撰写的)
[2]开题报告
[3]毕业论文定稿
[4]毕业论文定稿的电子文档存到教务处
注:
[1]关于开题报告的格式和要求,后面有说明;
[2]修改论文期间,请将word文稿以附件的形式发给指导老师;
[3]收集资料的方法:本科毕业论文范文:
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