1.急求:外国英文文章,毕业论文翻译用
1 Switch S-1010A off line Initial Time Who Type Plan:do in order 1.1 Open the four gate valves on the lines of brine from S-1010B to E-1025 in turn . Field 1.2 Block out 100LCV-021B ( S-1010B brine to E-1025 ). Field 1.3 Open the bypass valve of S-1010A slowly untill full open meanwhile monitoring the parameters of S-1010B. Panel/Field 1.4 Open the two block valves on the emulsion breaker line to the downstream of 100FCV-002. Field 1.5 Check 100PG-421 to ensure emulsion breaker has been injected in. Field 1.6 Close the two block valves on the emulsion breaker line to the suction of P-1027A. Field 1.7 Put 100LHY-021 into MANUAL. Panel 1.8 Manually close 100LCV-021A and open 100LCV-021B meanwhile keep S-1010B interface level 100LICA-021 stable. Panel 1.9 Switch 100LHS-011B to select 100LHY-142. Panel 1.10 Put 100LHY-142 into CASCADE. Panel 1.11 Stop P-1027A. Field 1.12 Block in 100LCV-021A. Field 1.13 Close the two block valves on the line of clean LP condensate to the downstream of 100LCV-021A. Field 1.14 Close the condensate inlet gate valve of S-1010A. Field 1.15 Stop the transformer of S-1010A by switching 100HS-902 in local pannel. Field 1.16 Close the condensate outlet gate valve of S-1010A. Field 1.17 Check the operation of S-1010B. Field/Panel 1.18 Sample at SC10021 and adjust the operation accordingly to meet the salt spec. Field 1.19 Desalter throughput reduction should be considered if one desalter operation has to be lasted more than one week. Field/Panel I am the writer.。
2.毕业论文外文翻译是什么意思
毕业论文外文翻译:将外文参考文献翻译成中文版本。
翻译要求:
1、选定外文文献后先给指导老师看,得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。
2、选择外文翻译时一定选择外国作者写的文章,可从学校中知网或者外文数据库下载。
3、外文翻译字数要求3000字以上,从外文文章起始处开始翻译,不允许从文章中间部分开始翻译,翻译必须结束于文章的一个大段落。
参考文献是在学术研究过程中,对某一著作或论文的整体的参考或借鉴.征引过的文献在注释中已注明,不再出现于文后参考文献中。外文参考文献就是指论文是引用的文献原文是国外的,并非中国的。
原文就是指原作品,原件,即作者所写作品所用的语言。如莎士比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》原文是英语。 译文就是翻译过来的文字,如在中国也可以找到莎士比亚《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的中文版本,这个中文版本就称为译文 。
扩展资料:
外文翻译需要注意的问题
1、外文文献的出处不要翻译成中文,且写在中文译文的右上角(不是放在页眉处);会议要求:名称、地点、年份、卷(期),等 。
2、作者姓名以及作者的工作单位也不用必须翻译。
3、abstract翻译成“摘要”,不要翻译成“文章摘要”等其他词语。
4、Key words翻译成“关键词” 。
5、introduction 翻译成“引言”(不是导言)。
6、各节的标号I、II等可以直接使用,不要再翻译成“第一部分”“第二部分”,等。
7、注意排版格式,都是单排版,行距1.25,字号小4号,等(按照格式要求)。
8、里面的图可以拷贝粘贴,但要将图标、横纵指标的英文标注翻译成中文。
9、里面的公式、表不可以拷贝粘贴,要自己重新录入、重新画表格。
3.毕业论文外文文献翻译
去百度文库,查看完整内容> 内容来自用户:秦园园 毕业设计说明书英文文献及中文翻译班级:学号:姓名:学院:软件学院专业:指导教师:2014年6月英文文献出自《IBM System Journal,2006,44(2):33-37》作者:Malcolm DavisStruts——An Open-source MVC ImplementationThis article introduces Struts, a Model-View-Controller implementation that uses servlets and JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology. Struts can help you control change in your Web project and promote specialization. Even if you never implement a system with Struts, you may get some ideas for your future servlets and JSP page in grade school put HTML pages on the Internet. However, there is a monumental difference between a grade school page and a professionally developed Web site. The page designer (or HTML developer) must understand colors, the customer, product flow, page layout, browser compatibility, image creation, JavaScript, and more. Putting a great looking site together takes a lot of work, and most Java developers are more interested in creating a great looking object interface than a user interface. JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology provides the glue between the page designer and the Java developer.If you have work。
4.景观设计毕业论文翻译,需要外国文献
1. Preface Landscape design is an integral part of urban design, but also the face of a city, one of the decisive factors. Landscape design is quite extensive, including a deal with the city space, the use of the characteristics of the original site, and contact between the surrounding environment, plaza, pedestrian street layout, street short as well as settings such as municipal facilities, both with regard to function, it also involves the visual and psychological problems. The concept of traditional landscape design to green-oriented, with the city's modernization and the urban population of the substantial increase in the functional requirements of the landscape is becoming more prominent, at the same time also called for a more aesthetic enrichment and diversification of town so large-scale use of hard landscape, in order to effectively solve the problem. Article in the city constitute a hard on the basic elements of landscape, such as paving, steps, sculpture pieces and so on, through a detailed theoretical introduction, description of specific characteristics of these elements, the use of, and constitute the role of the urban landscape, image, vivid rich and instructive reference for now to carry out large-scale construction of the city has a positive meaning. 2. The constituent elements of the urban landscape 2.1 SURFACES Natural environment from the ground, in the city the ground is always the need to do deal with rigid pavement. In addition to meet the required high-frequency, high-intensity use of functions, but also because the pavement is the creation of a city, one of the basic elements of landscape. Through the use of different pavement materials, can be divided into different uses of the ground to define the different characteristics of the space, you can identify the way forward, suggesting that the speed and rhythm of tour, at the same time through the pavement design changes, but also to create visual interest, constitute a space personality. Designed to do the ground pavement at the time, need to consider the following factors: First of all, should be guided by the principle of a unified whole. Whether it is the choice of pavement materials, pavement design, or design, and other landscape elements should be considered simultaneously in order to ensure that the pavement on the ground in terms of vision or function have been unified into a whole. Change random pavement materials and designs, will only add to the chaotic sense of space, so a specific purpose in the absence of circumstances, can not transform the pavement adjacent to the form of materials and color. The second is security. Function should ensure that pavement strength requirements necessary to ensure surfacing both in dry or wet conditions are the same anti-skid and avoid the risk of pedestrian happen. The third is the appearance, including color, scale and texture. Colors do not want to do is bore neither bleak nor clear to the tacky. Change the color or texture, as long as the function to reflect the difference can be used at. Scale considerations will affect the choice of color and texture, as well as the design of拼缝. Road block size, color and texture and so on, and the venue should have the right relationship between scale, which is an important point. A lot of ground surfacing materials, primarily asphalt, concrete, tile, natural stone, gravel, etc., can be made in accordance with the requirements of the different selection. Asphalt surface and low cost, easy construction, commonly used in the driveway, sidewalks, road pavement parking. Color of the use of asphalt pavement can also change the monotony of the landscape. Concrete pavement due to its low cost and applicability of a strong and widely used. Cast-in-place concrete paving settings attention should be paid to expansion joints, and concrete block pavement is more flexible. The colorful tile surface, pattern and shape of the degree of freedom, and easy to create a cheerful, gorgeous atmosphere. Commonly used in public facilities in the entrance plaza, walkways, shopping malls and other places of the road pavement. Natural stone materials, especially granite paving, can often create a solemn, calm atmosphere, most important for the city lots. In order to avoid large-scale rigid pavement caused by environmental problems, at the possible conditions, can also be combined with green, forming grass pavement inlay. 2.2 level, and curb ramp Space in urban environment, natural causes or because of the various functions required, usually to change the floor height changes, and changes in floor height also tend to produce a rich and beautiful landscape of the 。
5.求用英文翻译下面的文章 毕业论文要用 谢谢
Japan has become China's largest trading partner, China has become Japan's second largest trading partner. Trade with Japan in the proportion of China's import and export trade is increasing every year. Japan's exports to China increased trade with China rising proportion of foreign trade in Japan. The development of Sino-Japanese trade relations not only promote the improvement of the level of industrialization in China, but also to promote Japan's industrial structure adjustment, to achieve a win-win situation, the Japan Economic complementary relationship to be fully reflected in the bilateral trade. The internal mechanism of natural endowments, relative factor price differences, differences in industrial structure development level is not only the development of bilateral trade between the two countries, but also optimize bilateral trade structure, further development of bilateral trade, with the vast space and huge potential。
6.毕业论文的外文翻译要写什么内容
《关于毕业论文书写格式》 关于毕业论文书写格式 (参考某一学校的要求) 论文书写格式 论文全部要采用word 来书写,文件名统一为“report95´ ´ .doc”,其中´ ´ 代表自己的学号。
学位论文一般应包括下述几部分: 论文首页格式: 其中学位论文题目用黑体二号字,其余用宋体四号字 论文题目应能概括整个论文最重要的内容,简明、恰当,一般不超过25个字。 中文摘要及其关键词(宋体5号字b5排版): 4 论文第二页为500字左右的中文内容摘要,应说明本论文的目的、研究方法、成果和结论。
学位论文摘要是学位论文的缩影,尽可能保留原论文的基本信息,突出论文的创造性成果和 新见解。论文摘要应尽量深入浅出,通俗易懂,少用公式字母,语言力求精炼、准确。
4 在本页的最下方另起一行,注明本文的关键词3╠5个。 英文摘要及其关键词(宋体5号字b5排版): 论文第三页为英文摘要,内容与中文摘要和关键词相同。
学校名称:东北师范大学 院(系)名称:计算机系 本科生学号: 学 位 论 文 题 目 学 科、专 业:计算机科学技术 本科生姓名: _____ _ 指导教师姓名:_________ 指导教师职称:___________ 东北师范大学计算机系学位评定委员会 年 月 摘 要(粗宋体居中四号字) (空一行) 摘要内容(宋体5号左对齐) (空一行) 关键词:词1、词2 目录: 论文各章节的详细目录。格式如下: 计算机概论……… ………………………………..……1 1.1 计算机产生……..…………………………………………..1 1.2 计算机的发展……………………………………………..2 1.3 计算机中的进制 …………………………………………3 一 二进制表示法…………………………………………..….3 第二章 计算机文化基础……………………………………….6 其中:“章”部分使用宋粗体四号字;“节”部分采用宋体5号字 引言(或序言)(宋体5号字b5排版): 内容为本研究领域的国内外现状,本论文所要解决的问题,该研究工作在经济建设、科技进步和社会发展等某方面的实用价值与理论意义。
正文是学位论文的主体: 4 要求采用宋体5号字b5排版。每页36行,每行32个字。
页码打印在页面下方中间位置, 论文装订后尺寸为标准b5复印纸的尺寸。页眉部分奇数页使用“东北师范大学计算机系 学士学位论文”,偶数页使用论文题目的名称。
4 论文中图表、附注、参考文献、公式一律采用阿拉伯数字连续(或 分章)编号。图序及图名置于图的下方;表序及表名置于表的上方;论文中的公式编号, 用括弧括起写在右边行末,其间不加虚线。
4 学位论文一律在左侧装订,要求装订、剪切整齐,便于使用。 4 论文字数控制在1万字至3万字之间。
宋体3号字居中显示 (空一行) §1.1 宋体4号字居中显示 (空一行) 粗宋体5号字左起 正文部分宋体5号字,语言要简练,不能有错字、别字。也不能有错误的观点。
参考文献: 按学位论文中所引用文献的顺序、列于文末。 [编号]、作者、文章题目、期刊名(外文可缩写)、年份、卷号、期数、页码。
文献是图书时,书写格式为: [编号]、作者、书名、出版单位、年份、版次、页码。 附录: 包括放在正文内过分冗长的公式、以备他人阅读方便所需的辅助性数学工具、重复 性的数据图表、论文使用的符号意义、单位缩写、程序全文及有关说明等。
7.毕业设计中的外文翻译到底写什么,文献综述呢
毕业设计中的外文翻译就是内容提要,有一些导师会要求写成摘要,把内容提要的中文版翻译成英文即可。
值得一提的是,内容提要下方的关键字也需要翻译成英文。内容提要是全文内容的缩影。
在这里,作者以极经济的笔墨,勾画出全文的整体面目;提出主要论点、揭示论文的研究成果、简要叙述全文的框架结构。内容提要是正文的附属部分,一般放置在论文的篇首。
写作内容提要的目的在于:1.为了使指导老师在未审阅论文全文时,先对文章的主要内容有个大体上的了解,知道研究所取得的主要成果,研究的主要逻辑顺序。2.为了使其他读者通过阅读内容提要,就能大略了解作者所研究的问题,假如产生共鸣,则再进一步阅读全文。
在这里,内容提要成了把论文推荐给众多读者的“广告”。因此,内容提要应把论文的主要观点提示出来,便于读者一看就能了解论文内容的要点。
论文提要要求写得简明而又全面,不要罗哩啰嗦抓不住要点或者只是干巴巴的几条筋,缺乏说明观点的材料。内容提要可分为报道性提要和指示性提要。
报道性提要,主要介绍研究的主要方法与成果以及成果分析等,对文章内容的提示较全面。指示性提要,只简要地叙述研究的成果(数据、看法、意见、结论等),对研究手段、方法、过程等均不涉及。
毕业论文一般使用指示性提要。文献综述简称综述,是对某一领域,某一专业或某一方面的课题、问题或研究专题搜集大量相关资料,然后通过分析、阅读、整理、提炼当前课题、问题或研究专题的最新进展、学术见解或建议,对其做出综合性介绍和阐述的一种学术论文。
文献综述,一般都包含以下四部分:摘要、引言、主体和参考文献。这是因为研究性的论文注重研究的方法、结果、动态和进展。
扩展资料:文献综述看似简单,其实是一项高难度的工作。在国外,宏观的或者是比较系统的文献综述通常都是由一个领域里的顶级“大牛”来做的。
在现有研究方法的著作中,都有关于文献综述的指导,然而无论是教授文献综述课的教师还是学习该课程的学生,大多实际上没有对其给予足够的重视。而到了真正自己来做研究,便发现综述实在是困难。
以下为注意事项:⒈ 搜集文献应尽量全。掌握全面、大量的文献资料是写好综述的前提,否则,随便搜集一点资料就动手撰写是不可能写出好的综述。
⒉ 注意引用文献的代表性、可靠性和科学性。在搜集到的文献中可能出现观点雷同,有的文献在可靠性及科学性方面存在着差异,因此在引用文献时应注意选用代表性、可靠性和科学性较好的文献。
⒊ 引用文献要忠实文献内容。由于文献综述有作者自己的评论分析,因此在撰写时应分清作者的观点和文献的内容,不能篡改文献的内容。
引用文献不过多。文献综述的作者引用间接文献的现象时有所见。
如果综述作者从他人引用的参考文献转引过来,这些文献在他人引用时是否恰当,有无谬误,综述作者是不知道的,所以最好不要间接转引文献。⒋ 参考文献不能省略。
有的科研论文可以将参考文献省略,但文献综述绝对不能省略,而且应是文中引用过的,能反映主题全貌的并且是作者直接阅读过的文献资料。5.综述篇幅不可太长。
杂志编辑部对综述的字数一般都有一定数量的约定。作者在初写综述时,往往不注意这点,造成虚话、空话较多,重点不突出。
综述一般不宜超过4000字。综述并不是简单的文献罗列,综述一定有作者自己的综合和归纳。
有的综述只是将文献罗列,看上去像流水账,没有作者自己的综合与分析,使人看后感到重复、费解,材料与评述不协调。6.一些作者似乎把论文的引言看成是一种形式,是可有可无的部分,将引言的写作和正文的写作相分离,只是为了给论文加一顶帽子。
常见的现象是,一般化地论述研究的重要性,甚至从技术所涉及的行业在国民经济中的地位开始谈起,就像一篇领导的讲话稿。就是落脚于研究的主题,也是从宏观谈起到微观结束,停留在一般性的论述较多。
显然,这样做的结果是使读者无法准确地判断“论文命题”的具体价值,缺少对当前研究状况的概括和介绍,不知道作者的研究与以往的研究工作有什么不同?因此,科技论文的引言必须交代研究工作的背景,概括性地论述所研究问题的现状。对研究现状的论述,不仅是考查作者对资料的占有程度和熟悉程度,更重要的是从资料的全面程度和新旧程度可以判断研究工作的意义和价值,以及研究结果的可信度。
7. 引文罗列,缺少分析和概括。引言不仅要反映背景的广度,更重要的是要考查作者对研究背景了解的深度。
一般作者对研究的问题了解不深,在介绍研究现状时往往是列出一大堆参考文献,罗列出不同研究者的不同作法和结论,缺乏作者的分析和归纳,没有概括出研究的成果和存在的问题,有的甚至将一些与本文研究没有直接关系的文献也列在其中,片面地强调资料占有的丰富性。尽管有人认为,对研究现状的介绍不同的杂志有不同的要求,但从论文写作的角度出发,引言的目的是阐述论文命题的意义,而并非是研究资料的综述,尽管综述对读者查找资料提供了方便。
因此,应当用作者自己的语言概括出研究的现状,特别是存在的难点和不足。
8.帮忙翻译成英文,毕业论文的题目和摘要
题目 In common unexpected event, emergency of our country government manages simple theory taking the south ice and snow disaster dealing with 2008 as example.摘要In 2008 the beginning of the year , our country south area have suffered the rare ice and snow disaster in 50 , social production , the people life have accepted gigantic impingement. Common crisis consciousness having let us experience entire society in a series of active action in current snow disaster, founds the government and the public in successive steps. But, have also revealed out a few problems in the process fighting natural calamities. The main body of a book is analysed by the case to south snow disaster , is points out our country government strengthening the approach that the government emergency manages meeting the emergency managing have problem , suggesting that in common unexpected event.文章有些长、、望认真看完、、标准人工翻译、、希望可以帮助你、、。
转载请注明出处众文网 » 翻译国外文章毕业论文(急求:外国英文文章,毕业论文翻译用)