工程造价毕业英文论文(以工程造价专业为话题写一篇英语作文)

1.以工程造价专业为话题写一篇英语作文

一看就是毕业论文~！！！！Engineering cost management Project cost control emphasis should be transferred to the project construction early days, is transferred to the project decision and design stage. Project cost control in construction projects throughout the entire process, the key lies in the pre construction investment decision-making with design phase, whereas in the investment decision is made, the key lies in designing. According to expert analysis: architectural design, in the preliminary design stage, design stage, construction design stage to the engineering effect were 75% ~ 95%, 35% ~ 75%, 5% ~ 35%; while in the construction phase, through the optimization of construction organization design, construction cost saving the possibility of only 5% to 10%. We should put the focus shifted to the design stage, in order to get twice the result with half the effort. Pay attention to the technical and economic optimization combination. The combination of technology with economy is most effective way to control engineering cost. China engineering fields for a long time did not do this. The lack of technical personnel economy idea, design thought is conservative, the design of the outcome of the economy are not fully reflect. Therefore, we should solve the problem is to improve economic efficiency as the goal, in the construction process, organization, technology and economy organic ground union rises. Through the economic analysis, comparative study and effect evaluation, correct processing of advanced technology and reasonable in economy between the relation of unity of opposites, strive to advanced technology under the conditions of economic rational, reasonable in economy based on advanced technology. Carry out "limitation is designed" method. To be consciously put the application of value engineering to the specific design, actively promote quota design in engineering design contract, by way of bidding. This has been proven in practice is an effective way, it is not only an economic problem, more precisely a technical and economic problems. This "limitation is designed" to effectively control the project cost. In order to make the "limitation is designed" to achieve the desired objectives, should be involved in the design personnel must be experienced skilled economic designer. Their design results must be practical, advanced and reasonable cost. Control of engineering cost on the other hand is the need for comparison, because the outcome is a process of gradual improvement, and not to decide, so the comparison is a measure of its practical, advanced and economical means. Do good project cost control in the process. ( 1) compilation of economic and feasible construction scheme. Before construction, construction enterprises should be combined with the construction drawings and the actual situation at the scene, their mechanical equipment, construction experience, the management level and technical specification acceptance criteria, a set of practical and feasible construction scheme. The construction scheme is engineering implementation of the programme of action. ( 2) to technical personnel, materials, machinery and personnel staff communication and coordination. In the process of construction, construction technology, materials and mechanical personnel should cooperate closely, understand each other, to management as the core, to reduce costs for the purpose of. ( 3) to the project completion settlement. Strict supervision system. Control project cost effectively, in the early phase of the project shall be subject to supervision (including cost management ) system. Through analyzing the design process of supervision, make the design more reasonable, cost control to limit the scope of, accomplish truly with the smallest investment maximize output. Strict supervision system. Control project cost effectively, in the early phase of the project shall be subject to supervision (including cost management ) system. Through analyzing the design process of supervision, make the design more reasonable, cost control to limit the scope of, accomplish truly with the smallest investment maximize output. To establish and perfect the independent project cost advisory body, cultivate a Zhi De have both engineering team. To establish a real sense of independent engineering cost consulting agencies. Through improving the laws and regulations, normative behavior, separate government functions from enterprise management, the establishment of independent business partnership, share-holding system, the limited responsibility system and 。

2.求一篇关于工程造价的英语文章、附翻译的（800字左右最好）最佳答

The information about "The engineering costs "

The engineering costs complete equipment investment cost of meaning to constuct an engineering expectation expense or actual expense.Is also an engineering and pass construction the forming corresponds of the total of using a time of charge that non - trading asset, immaterial assets needs.

This meaning defines from the angle of investor-owner.Say from this meaning, engineering's costing is an engineering rate.For Be finished an engineering, projected or physically in service market in the land Market, equipment market and technique, and contracts for a market to etc. trade to is movable amid the building forminged setup engineering of rate and the construction engineering total price space.

It usually is the second that costs engineering to grow meaning to affirm to accept to send report rate for engineering.It is constructing a market to pass to recruit tender, from demand master investor and supply master the construction company approve together of rate.

一定要给分哈

3.工程造价类的英文文献

2. Engelhardt,Gary V.“House Price and Home Owner Saving Behavior”. Regional Science and Urban Economics,26,1996.pp.313-336.

3. Engelhardt,Gary V.“House Price and The Decision to Save for Down Payments.” Journal of Urban Economics,36,1994.pp.209-237.

4. Karl E. Case ,John M. Quigley, Robert J. Shiller. “Comparing Wealth Effects: The Stock Market versus The Housing Market”. University of California,Berkeley. 2003, SepTEMber, pp.1-15.

5. Levin,Laurence.“Are Assets Fungible? Testing the Behavioral Theory of Life-Cycle Savings”.Journal of Economic Organization and Ehavior, 36,1998.pp.59-83.

6. Milton. Friedman.“ A Theory of The Consumption Function. Princeton University Press, PrinCETon”.1957.

7. Nikola,Dvornak and Marion Kohler.“Housing Wealth ,Stock Market Wealth and Consumption : A Panel Analysis for Australia”.Reserch Discussion Paper ,Jul.2003。

8. Starr-McCluer,Martha.“The Stock Market Wealth and Consumer Spending”.Mimeo, Federal Reserve Board of Governors,1999.

9. Skinner, Jonathan.“Housing Wealth and AgGREgate Saving”.Regional Science and Urban Economics,19,1999.pp.307-324.

10. Yoshikawa,Hiroshi and Fumio Ohtake.“Female Labor Supply,Housing Demand ,and The Saving Rate in Japan”.European Economic Review,33,1989.pp.997-1030.

4.工程造价英文文献

转自百度道友：《2. Engelhardt,Gary V.“House Price and Home Owner Saving Behavior”. Regional Science and Urban Economics,26,1996.pp.313-336.

3. Engelhardt,Gary V.“House Price and The Decision to Save for Down Payments.” Journal of Urban Economics,36,1994.pp.209-237.

4. Karl E. Case ,John M. Quigley, Robert J. Shiller. “Comparing Wealth Effects: The Stock Market versus The Housing Market”. University of California,Berkeley. 2003, SepTEMber, pp.1-15.

5. Levin,Laurence.“Are Assets Fungible? Testing the Behavioral Theory of Life-Cycle Savings”.Journal of Economic Organization and Ehavior, 36,1998.pp.59-83.

6. Milton. Friedman.“ A Theory of The Consumption Function. Princeton University Press, PrinCETon”.1957.

7. Nikola,Dvornak and Marion Kohler.“Housing Wealth ,Stock Market Wealth and Consumption : A Panel Analysis for Australia”.Reserch Discussion Paper ,Jul.2003。

8. Starr-McCluer,Martha.“The Stock Market Wealth and Consumer Spending”.Mimeo, Federal Reserve Board of Governors,1999.

9. Skinner, Jonathan.“Housing Wealth and AgGREgate Saving”.Regional Science and Urban Economics,19,1999.pp.307-324.

10. Yoshikawa,Hiroshi and Fumio Ohtake.“Female Labor Supply,Housing Demand ,and The Saving Rate in Japan”.European Economic Review,33,1989.pp.997-1030.”》

5.工程造价类的英文文献

2. Engelhardt,Gary V.“House Price and Home Owner Saving Behavior”. Regional Science and Urban Economics,26,1996.pp.313-336. 3. Engelhardt,Gary V.“House Price and The Decision to Save for Down Payments.” Journal of Urban Economics,36,1994.pp.209-237. 4. Karl E. Case ,John M. Quigley, Robert J. Shiller. “Comparing Wealth Effects: The Stock Market versus The Housing Market”. University of California,Berkeley. 2003, SepTEMber, pp.1-15. 5. Levin,Laurence.“Are Assets Fungible? Testing the Behavioral Theory of Life-Cycle Savings”.Journal of Economic Organization and Ehavior, 36,1998.pp.59-83. 6. Milton. Friedman.“ A Theory of The Consumption Function. Princeton University Press, PrinCETon”.1957. 7. Nikola,Dvornak and Marion Kohler.“Housing Wealth ,Stock Market Wealth and Consumption : A Panel Analysis for Australia”.Reserch Discussion Paper ,Jul.2003。

8. Starr-McCluer,Martha.“The Stock Market Wealth and Consumer Spending”.Mimeo, Federal Reserve Board of Governors,1999. 9. Skinner, Jonathan.“Housing Wealth and AgGREgate Saving”.Regional Science and Urban Economics,19,1999.pp.307-324. 10. Yoshikawa,Hiroshi and Fumio Ohtake.“Female Labor Supply,Housing Demand ,and The Saving Rate in Japan”.European Economic Review,33,1989.pp.997-1030.。

6.工程造价英文文献