众文网1.英文论文怎么找啊
Singapore Ajit Prabhu. International Tax Review. London: Sep 1999. pg. 77 The Singapore government launched an Electronic Commerce Plan in 1998 to spur the growth of e-commerce, and to strengthen Singapore's position as an international e-commerce hub. The target is to have S$4 billion ($2.4 billion) worth of products and services transacted electronically through Singapore, and 50% of businesses using some form of e-commerce, by the year 2003. The plan has five main thrusts: * Develop an internationally linked e-commerce infrastructure: Include an efficient settlement system for internet transactions between businesses, covering international trade and multi-currency payments and a well-connected logistics infrastructure. Singapore will also be positioned as a centre of e-- commerce infrastructure development. * Jump-start Singapore as an e-- commerce hub: Focus on the sectors in which Singapore has an inherent advantage as a hub, such as a stable and excellent financial infrastructure, a transport and logistics infrastructure that is well known for its efficiency, and strong telecommunications connectivity and e-commerce infrastructures, especially in business-- to-business services. * Encourage businesses to use e-- commerce strategically: Education and other support programmes will be put in place to help businesses exploit e-commerce to enhance their productivity and competitiveness. * Promote use of e-commerce by the public and businesses: Enable Singapore citizens and businesses in Singapore to enjoy the benefits of e-commerce, and at the same time, create an e-commerce savvy culture. * Harmonise cross-border e-commerce laws and policies: Enable businesses to trade confidently with overseas partners. Besides putting in place legislation that is internationally consistent, Singapore will work with its major trading partners to align each other's e-commerce laws. The plan will be implemented through specific programmes and projects. A key supporting programme is Singapore's efforts to be a thought leader on the emerging and dynamic e-commerce scene. TAXABLE PRESENCE Singapore operates a territorial and receipt-based tax system. Income tax is charged only on income accruing in or derived from Singapore, or received or deemed to be received in Singapore from outside Singapore. Income tax is levied on, inter alia, gains or profits from any trade, business, profession or vocation, and any gains or profits of an income nature. If the operations of a non-resident person in Singapore give rise to gains or profits of an income nature in the hands of that non-resident in Singapore that can properly be said to accrue in or be derived from Singapore, those gains or profits will be taxable in Singapore. The main issue to be addressed in the e-commerce context, therefore, is whether income is accruing in or derived from Singapore (ie sourced in Singapore). Unfortunately, the Singapore Income Tax Act (ITA) does not define the words "accruing in or derived from," nor does the ITA lay down guidelines for determining in which locality income is sourced. Although judicial definitions exist, the determination of the actual source of income is a question of fact. Factors that will be taken into account in determining whether income is sourced in Singapore include: * Where the contract of service or sale is made; * Where services are rendered or where the sale takes place; * Where the invoice is raised; * Where the establishment is located to which income can be attributed; * Where proceeds are collected; * Where the cost of operations is incurred/charged; and * Where title to goods passes. When all or most of the above activities are carried out in Singapore, there is very good reason (in the absence of special circumstances leading to an opposite conclusion) for treating the income as properly derived from Singapore. Accordingly, income so derived would be subject to Singapore tax. Conversely, if all of the above activities are carried out outside Singapore, the income would be considered sourced outside Singapore on which no Singapore tax is exigible unless it is received or deemed to be received in Singapore. The maintenance of a computer server in Singapore that merely provides advertising or the storing of data for a non-resident enterprise in Singapore in respect of goods sold by that enterprise generally should not cause the non-resident enterprise to derive any Singapore-- source income from the sales of such goods. However, if that server is able to perform order processing, approval and fulfilment, and invoicing 。
2.请问本科生毕业论文的外文翻译去哪里找
先到百度文库，找一篇此类文档中文的，然后用有道翻译，或是谷歌在线翻译翻成英
文，然后把英文放上面，中文放下面。希望可以帮到你。如果要找标准的PDF格式外文文
献，可以在谷歌，用英文文献名+空格+PDF 这样比较容易找到。
第一是Google搜索，主要是英文，尤其是其学术搜索，意义大。
第二，通过各大学图书馆系统，进入几个主流的出版发行集团。
第三，利用网络免费储存、电子书系统。尤其是国外多。
1、论文题目：要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。
2、目录：目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录）
3、提要：是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。
4、关键词或主题词：关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。 主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。
5、论文正文： （1）引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义， 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。 〈2）论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容： a.提出-论点； b.分析问题-论据和论证； c.解决问题-论证与步骤； d.结论。
6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。 中文：标题--作者--出版物信息（版地、版者、版期）：作者--标题--出版物信息 所列参考文献的要求是： （1）所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。 （2）所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。
一，选题要新颖。
这次我的论文的成功，和高分，得到导师的赞许，都是因为我论文的选题新颖所给我带来的好处。最好涉及护理新领域，以及新进展，这样会给人耳目一新的感觉。
二，大量文献做基础
仔细查阅和你论文题目和研究范围相关的文献，大量的文献查阅会你的论文写作铺垫，借鉴别人的思路，和好的语言。而且在写作过程不会觉得语言平乏，当然也要自己一定的语言功底做基矗
三，一气呵成
做好充分的准备，不要每天写一些，每天改一些，这样会打断自己的思路，影响文章的连贯。
四，尽量采用多的专业术语
可能口语化的表达会给人带来亲切感，但论文是比较专业的形式，是有可能做为文献来查阅和检索的，所以论文语言的专业化，术语化会提升自己论文的水平。
五，用正规格式书写
参考正规的论文文献，论文格式。不要因为格式问题，而影响到你论文的质量。
六，最好在计算机上完成写作过程
如果有条件最好利用电脑来完成写作过程，好处以下几点：1，节省时间，无论打字的速度慢到什么程度，肯定要比手写的快。2，方便，大量的文献放在手边，一个一个查阅是很不方便的，文献都是用数据库编辑，所以都是在电脑上完成。提前先在电脑上摘要出重点，写出提纲，随时翻阅，方便写作。3，修改编辑，在电脑随时对文章进行修改编辑都是非常的方便。4，随时存档，写一段，存一段，防止突然停电，或者电脑当机。本人就是吃了这个大亏，一个晚上的劳动，差点就全没了，幸亏男友是电脑高手，帮我找回。否则就恨着电脑，哭死算了。
七，成稿打印好交给导师
无论你的字写的多么优美，还是按照惯例来，打印出的文字显的正规，而且交流不存在任何的问题，不会让导师因为看不懂你的龙飞凤舞，而低估你的论文。而且干净整洁，女孩子不仅注意自己的形象问题，书面的东西也反映你的修养和气质。
八，听取导师意见，仔细修改
导师会给你一些关于你论文建设性的意见，仔细参考，认真修改。毕竟导师是发表过多篇论文，有颇多的经验。
3.英语本科毕业论文
你这是两个问题，一个是文献检索，另一个是免费得到文献第一个问题：检索文献1、图书馆，系资料室翻看图书杂志2、查阅各种Abstract，按关键词KingLear,tragedy或按作者查找。
各学科都有专业文摘出版3、网上通过ISI的数据库，googlescholor等搜索引擎检索ISIwebofknowledge：谷歌学术fin 、文献追踪检索，每部专业图书获论文后面都会有参考文献的第二个问题——免费得到1、上述谷歌学术检索到的文献有些可以直接点击免费阅读的2、学校、研究单位和一些大型图书馆是打包购买了国外电子期刊的，到这些地方去上网，或找你们学校图书馆要帐号，就可以免费阅读下载了3、在数据库里检索到作者的email地址，发电邮找作者索取pdfpaper，一般作者都很乐意提供的，你还可以借此与专家建立联系，为日后进一步深造创造条件这些文献他人不方便帮你查找，因为有些方法要组合使用，如跟踪检索一定是在得到具体文献后方可使用的，这是要看你自己的选题和兴趣了。 其实这时写论文，并非要让你们拿去发表的，而是培养锻炼你们的能力的，所以你还是要抓住机会锻炼自己。
希望对你有所帮助。
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