众文网1.毕业设计英文摘要
The spinal column reconstruction in the interspinal implants in thing X-stop finite element analysis application Abstract along with people age unceasing growth, between awl in plate the nucleus pulposus gradually will start to degenerate withered, causes between the awl plate thickness to reduce, will then create the yellow ligament and the small surface joint is large, will initiate the so-called lumbar vertebra narrow sickness, will cause the body to have the nerve intermittent slope good symptom. Solves this symptom method to divide into the surgery and the non-surgery treats, the non-surgery treats for example the physical property treatment and the pharmacological treatment, the effect is not often good, the surgery treats may divide into the traditional surgery and micro creates the surgery two kinds, the traditional surgery method is in the lumbar vertebra fusion the pexia, although this method excised has created the lumbar vertebra narrow yellow ligament and the small surface joint, but the surgery time was long, the wound was big as well as although the lumbar vertebra fusion and fixed has removed the pathological change stage abnormal movement, but the neighbor stage's abnormal movement increased, between the awl in plate's pressure elevated obviously, the small articular process exceptionally drew back changes with the fixed stage bone quantityThe loss, causes the fixed stage vertical motion stage to draw back changes ASD[1], but new micro creates the surgery is opens a small wound in the back, and implants the interspinal to open, then solution lumbar vertebra narrow sickness question. this article uses the model is lumbar vertebra L3~L4, as well as the interspinal implants thing X-STOP. The analysis method is carries on the finite element grid division to X-STOP, under exerts the restraint and the load in above, calculates the restraining stress, thus judges this interspinal to open whether to have the obvious effect. key word: The lumbar vertebra, the spinous process, between the keel the ligament, the interspinal opens X-STOP, the finite element analysis。
2.英文摘要格式
一、标题 一篇较长的英语论文（如英语毕业论文）一般都需要标题页，其书写格式如下：第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一，与下行（通常为by，居中）的距离则为5cm，第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期（均居中）。
如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写，则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名（如：Dr./Prof.C.Prager）及本门课程的编号或名称（如：English 734或British Novel）。二、提纲 英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身，其规范格式如下：先在第一行（与打印纸顶端的距离仍为2.5cm左右）的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号，空一格后再打论题句，回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。
主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出，次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点，空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母；处于同一等级的纲目，其上下行左边必须对齐。
需要注意的是，同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上，即：有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ，有A应有B，以此类推。如果英文论文提纲较长，需两页纸，则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码，即ii（第一页无需标页码）。
三、摘要1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言，提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文。（内容基本与中文摘要相同，但不用完全逐句对应）。
2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页（1页即可），放在中文摘要页之后。3、英文字体与行间距： 统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New Roman”,1.5倍行间距。
4、英文题目： 使用三号字加粗。5、英文摘要： “Absract”顶格，使用四号字，并加粗。
6、英文关键词： “Key Words”顶格，使用四号字并加粗。四、正文 有标题页和提纲页的英语论文，其正文第一页的规范格式为：论文标题居中，其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm，距正文第一行约1.5cm。
段首字母须缩进五格，即从第六格打起。正文第一页不必标页码（但应计算其页数），自第二页起，必须在每页的右上角（即空出第一行，在其后部）打上论文作者的姓，空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码；阿拉伯数字（或其最后一位）应为该行的最后一个空格。
在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式，即：句末号（句号、问号及感叹号）后应空两格，其他标点符号后则空一格。五、文中引述 正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的重要环节；既要注意引述与论文的有机统一，即其逻辑性，又要注意引述格式 （即英语论文参考文献）的规范性。
引述别人的观点，可以直接引用，也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式，论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。
美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。六、文献目录 论文作者在正文之后必须提供论文中全部引文的详细出版情况，即文献目录页。
美国高校一般称此页为 Works Cited， 其格式须注意下列几点：目录页应与正文分开，另页打印，置于正文之后。目录页应视为英语论文的一页，按论文页码的顺序在其右上角标明论文作者的姓和页码；如果条目较多，不止一页，则第一页不必标出作者姓和页码（但必须计算页数），其余各页仍按顺序标明作者姓和页码。
标题Works Cited与打印纸顶端的距离约为2.5cm，与第一条目中第一行的距离仍为0.6cm；各条目之间及各行之间的距离亦为0.6cm，不必留出更多空白。各条目内容顺序分别为作者姓、名、作品名、出版社名称、出版地、出版年份及起止页码等；各条目应严格按各作者姓的首字母顺序排列，但不要给各条目编码，也不必将书条与杂志、期刊等条目分列。
各条目第一行需顶格打印，回行时均需缩进五格，以将该条目与其他条目区分开来。英语论文摘要又称文摘，是论文的重要组成部分，它是以提供文献内容梗概为目的，不加评论和补充解释，简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。
摘要应具有独立性和自明性，并拥有与文献同等量的主要信息，即不需阅读全文，就可获得重要的信息。摘要通常置于文题之后，文章之首。
在论文发表后，论文摘要常被文献检索系统所收集。英语论文摘要一般为200-300单词，并有与英文摘要表达观点一致的中文摘要与之对应。
扩展资料 论文的作用 论文为进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章。它既是探讨问题进行学术研究的一种手段，又是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具。
不同的人发表论文的作用也不同：1、评职称（晋升职称）：研究生 毕业需要；教师 、医护人员 、科研院所的人员、企业员工 等 晋升高一级的职称时，发表期刊论文是作为一项必须的参考指标。2、申报基金、课题 ：教育、科技、卫生系统 每年申报的国家自然科学基金项目、其它各种基金项目、各种研究课题时，发表论文 是作为 基金或课题 完成的一种研究成果的结论性展示。
3、世界性基础领域的研究，比如在医学、数学、物理、化学、生命科学 等领域开展的基础性研究，公开发表论文 是对最新科技 科学研究成果、研究方法的一种展示和报道。以推动整个社会的科技进步等。
参考资料来源：搜狗百科-英语论文。
3.英语本科毕业论文范文
不知道下面这个能否合你要求。
呵呵 （因字数有限制，我可发给你） 英语本科毕业论文 The Spirit of Revolt of Tess --Study in Tess of the D'Urbervilles Thesis statement: Everyone knows that Tess's life is a great tragedy, but she is still a courageous woman who dares to fight by all means. In order to defeat the unfortunate fate she always resists the decadent society, the traditional concept, and the hypocrisy religion. Outline Ⅰ.Brief Introduction to Tess of the d'Urbervilles A. Women's role in industrial movements during 19th century in England B. A brief commentary of the novel 1. the writer --Thomas hardy 2. general introduction of the novel Ⅱ.Tess's spirit of revolt all through her life A. Tess's fight to the moribund society 1. the moribund society 2. Tess's fight to the moribund society B. Tess's resistance to the traditional moral concept 1. the traditional moral concept 2. Tess's resistance to the traditional moral concept C. Tess's resistance to the hypocritical religion 1.the hypocritical religion in that time 2. Tess's resistance to the hypocritical religion D. Tess's resistance to the unfortunate marriage 1.Tess's unfortunate marriage 2. Tess's resistance to the unfortunate marriage Ⅲ.Conclusion: In a word, Tess has shown a powerful woman's image to common people with her unyielding spirit of revolt. She, to the moribund society, traditional old morals, hypocritical religion, capitalist marriage system, has carried on the strongest revealing and criticism. Her kindhearted enlightenment, noble emotion, strong personality, and her resistance in imbuing all rooted in the hearts of the people forever, worth savoring. Abstract This paper mainly focuses on the spirit of revolt of Tess. First of all, this paper begins with a brief introduction to the novel. Then, this paper makes a brief commentary of the novel. Moreover, it concentrates on :(1) Tess's fight to the moribund society. (2) Tess's resistance to the traditional moral concept. (3) Tess's resistance to the hypocritical religion. (4) Tess's resistance to the unfortunate marriage. And at last the paper reveals that Tess is actually a character with the spirit of revolt all through her life. key words:tragedy,Spirit of revolt,industrial movement,unfortunate fate 内容提要 本文研究的是小说主人公“苔丝”的“反抗精神”。首先，本文对小说的背景做了介绍。
然后，对文本进行简要评论。再次，本文主要从以下四个方面对文本主人公“苔丝”的“反抗精神”进行集中讨论：（1） 苔丝对腐朽社会的抗争；（2） 苔丝对传统的道德观念的反抗；（3） 苔丝对伪善的宗教的反抗；（4） 苔丝对不幸婚姻的反抗。
最后，揭示出苔丝整个人生经历中的反抗精神。 关键词：悲剧，反抗精神，工业运动，不幸命运。
4.求大神帮忙,本人本科毕业论文的英文摘要不会写,请帮我把下面的中
Moral early New Curriculum Teaching Method of Abstract: The revitalization of the national education promotion hopes education teachers today want to Marxism-Leninism , Mao Zedong Thought and the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics under the guidance of China has entered the correct building a moderately prosperous society and social transformation to overcome stage ; And to achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation dream of critical re- re- education ideological and political education school moral lesson for students moral education an important position to help students form a correct outlook on life, values, and morality the main channel to improve the ideological and moral education classes for students efficiency has become the primary ideological and moral education reform objective moral formation and implementation of effective classroom teaching method has become the beginning of the reform of key moral discipline teaching moral teaching teachers how early reform of teaching methods themselves must first understand what the author considered " moral curriculum standards " teachers only new curriculum standards the right to form their own interpretation of science teaching methods lay a solid foundation ; secondly to understand the background of the new curriculum under the ideological and moral teaching exist some problems in science teaching methods and teachers formed a key remedy ; under the new Curriculum beginning of the ideological and moral teaching again for preliminary and basic science teaching methods to explore the formation of an important part Besides humor, witty language of instruction in various forms all teachers teaching methods to add luster to the formation of scientific teaching methods to create a good educational environment to stimulate students' interest in breaking up the ideal of education and teaching effectiveness Keywords : new curriculum ; ideological and moral ; teaching problems ; teaching methods。
5.求毕业论文英文摘要
The new economic era, known as the corporate image of the human, material and financial resources beyond the "fourth resource", the competition among the enterprises of products from the local competition, price competition, resource competition, competition for talent, technology to the development of competition The integrity of corporate competition, that is, the image of competition. Create good corporate image, not only a modern market economy is an inevitable trend of development, but also enterprises face the increasingly fierce market competition and the success of winning a major magic weapon. For large enterprises, corporate image planning has been relatively mature. While many small and medium enterprises because the road taken the low-cost, how cost-competitive promotion to the quality of competition, and even brand competition, or unable, based on this understanding of SMEs, from corporate image recognition system in the concept of identification system Behavior recognition system, visual recognition systems of the three constituent elements of perspective, the current image of the planning for SMEs on the existence of several major problems, propose solutions to the measures, so that small and medium enterprises based on domestic and international trend of a number of simple Discussion.。
6.毕业论文英文摘要
AbstractThe core competitiveness of enterprises is the basis of the sustainable development of enterprise and the source of competitive advatages. As a growth point of China's national economy, Real Estate directly affects the national economic development and the people's livelihood. Therefore, the construction of real estate enterprises'core competitive ability should be paid profound attention.Depending on a combination of core competence theory, this paper is in view of the status quo of the estate enterprise'core competitive ability in China,then combines the author's opinion under the help of the related books,documents and the teacher, and finally turn out the means of the construction of enterprises'core competitive ability .KeywordsThe Core Competiveness of Enterprises Brand Strategy Enterpise Culture。
7.毕业论文的英文摘要~
The study describes the total course for web shopping. It introduces the develop vironment and tools. It also describes the detail of design idea and design course. After it, for the database create idea and the relationship of them are described. The study tell us how to carry out the function with block picture those clearly show us the design idea, program disign and detail realize.Base on actual requirement, web shopping system designed with block. In the OS of Windows XP, Tomcat5.0 is set up. The program language is JAVA which can realize dynamic and alternating function with WEB servor.The function mainly include goods show, goods buying in interface and goods manage, members manage,class manage, order form manage and so on.The system have below function: At first, the alternating between members and administrator. After it, the manage functions are micromesh especially for class management which make it useful for buniness and fit with electric shopping system develop requiment。
8.本科毕业论文的英文摘要
楼主你好：这是我一句一句翻译的，希望对你有帮助！ TV food programs in our country developed from zero to many and the development has been almost 40 years. Early stage of development, food programs has many problems:similar programs, no features,old-fashioned hosting style , not having their own brand,and so on.Now, with these problems haing been gradually discovered, some new elements were constantly added to the program to form a new type of routine , which is different from the traditional program food program. This paper analysis of new food programs from program forms, the host, program branding, program scenes, broadcasting forms , and summed up innovative ways of food program in our country,so that we can get a new road for TV food programs in our country.keywords: TV food programs ,program form, host, brand, form of communication, innovation。
9.毕业论文英文摘要翻译
[abstract] This is Changsha YuanGe residential area design， 【construction's long, wide】，（不知道是你写的不全还是怎么，有点不通，如果你要加数字，就用the length of construction is。the width of construction is。） a total of 12 layer, total building area is。, building height of principal part is。. Design content mainly includes the architectural design and structural design .
The part of architectural design Including the overall layout,the plane and vertical transportation, and the requirements of fire prevention and evacuation. Design mainly include
planar configuration, elevation and profile design and fire protection and evacuation design, etc., follow the principle of "safty,availability,economy,aesthetics" , satisfy people's demand for residential use function and aesthetic.
Design structure using short-leg
shear wall system, to adapt to the new housing concept of people. Combining with hand calculation and PKPM computing , including load calculation (gravity load, wind load),shear walls and floor slabs, the design calculation of beam and reinforcement.
Key words: short-leg shear wall; High-rise residential; The structure design
本人CET-6水平，纯手工翻译，除查询专业单词外，绝没使用软件，耗时20分钟，还望采纳。希望你论文获得成功。
10.英语本科毕业论文范文
不知道下面这个能否合你要求。
呵呵 （因字数有限制，我可发给你） 英语本科毕业论文 The Spirit of Revolt of Tess --Study in Tess of the D'Urbervilles Thesis statement: Everyone knows that Tess's life is a great tragedy, but she is still a courageous woman who dares to fight by all means. In order to defeat the unfortunate fate she always resists the decadent society, the traditional concept, and the hypocrisy religion. Outline Ⅰ.Brief Introduction to Tess of the d'Urbervilles A. Women's role in industrial movements during 19th century in England B. A brief commentary of the novel 1. the writer --Thomas hardy 2. general introduction of the novel Ⅱ.Tess's spirit of revolt all through her life A. Tess's fight to the moribund society 1. the moribund society 2. Tess's fight to the moribund society B. Tess's resistance to the traditional moral concept 1. the traditional moral concept 2. Tess's resistance to the traditional moral concept C. Tess's resistance to the hypocritical religion 1.the hypocritical religion in that time 2. Tess's resistance to the hypocritical religion D. Tess's resistance to the unfortunate marriage 1.Tess's unfortunate marriage 2. Tess's resistance to the unfortunate marriage Ⅲ.Conclusion: In a word, Tess has shown a powerful woman's image to common people with her unyielding spirit of revolt. She, to the moribund society, traditional old morals, hypocritical religion, capitalist marriage system, has carried on the strongest revealing and criticism. Her kindhearted enlightenment, noble emotion, strong personality, and her resistance in imbuing all rooted in the hearts of the people forever, worth savoring. Abstract This paper mainly focuses on the spirit of revolt of Tess. First of all, this paper begins with a brief introduction to the novel. Then, this paper makes a brief commentary of the novel. Moreover, it concentrates on :(1) Tess's fight to the moribund society. (2) Tess's resistance to the traditional moral concept. (3) Tess's resistance to the hypocritical religion. (4) Tess's resistance to the unfortunate marriage. And at last the paper reveals that Tess is actually a character with the spirit of revolt all through her life. key words:tragedy,Spirit of revolt,industrial movement,unfortunate fate 内容提要 本文研究的是小说主人公“苔丝”的“反抗精神”。首先，本文对小说的背景做了介绍。
然后，对文本进行简要评论。再次，本文主要从以下四个方面对文本主人公“苔丝”的“反抗精神”进行集中讨论：（1） 苔丝对腐朽社会的抗争；（2） 苔丝对传统的道德观念的反抗；（3） 苔丝对伪善的宗教的反抗；（4） 苔丝对不幸婚姻的反抗。
最后，揭示出苔丝整个人生经历中的反抗精神。 关键词：悲剧，反抗精神，工业运动，不幸命运。
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