众文网1.毕业论文外文翻译是什么意思
毕业论文外文翻译：将外文参考文献翻译成中文版本。
翻译要求：
1、选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。
2、选择外文翻译时一定选择外国作者写的文章，可从学校中知网或者外文数据库下载。
3、外文翻译字数要求3000字以上，从外文文章起始处开始翻译，不允许从文章中间部分开始翻译，翻译必须结束于文章的一个大段落。
参考文献是在学术研究过程中，对某一著作或论文的整体的参考或借鉴.征引过的文献在注释中已注明，不再出现于文后参考文献中。外文参考文献就是指论文是引用的文献原文是国外的，并非中国的。
原文就是指原作品，原件，即作者所写作品所用的语言。如莎士比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》原文是英语。 译文就是翻译过来的文字，如在中国也可以找到莎士比亚《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的中文版本，这个中文版本就称为译文 。
扩展资料：
外文翻译需要注意的问题
1、外文文献的出处不要翻译成中文，且写在中文译文的右上角（不是放在页眉处）；会议要求：名称、地点、年份、卷（期），等 。
2、作者姓名以及作者的工作单位也不用必须翻译。
3、abstract翻译成“摘要”，不要翻译成“文章摘要”等其他词语。
4、Key words翻译成“关键词” 。
5、introduction 翻译成“引言”（不是导言）。
6、各节的标号I、II等可以直接使用，不要再翻译成“第一部分”“第二部分”，等。
7、注意排版格式，都是单排版，行距1.25，字号小4号，等（按照格式要求）。
8、里面的图可以拷贝粘贴，但要将图标、横纵指标的英文标注翻译成中文。
9、里面的公式、表不可以拷贝粘贴，要自己重新录入、重新画表格。
2.找毕业论文的外文翻译,要有外文原文和译文,题目是“论所有权的保
This shows that in the retention of title transactions, although the buyer has not yet made the subject matter of the ownership, but because it has actual possession or control of the subject matter, and subject matter for the possession, use and income. If the seller to the risk of the burden of responsibility obligations, it will lead to "the beneficiaries do not take risks, to take risks do not benefit from" the rights, obligations imbalance phenomenon, contrary to civil law and the principle of fairness.In addition, in theory, and risk are closely linked, and neither the ownership nor the creditors or the debtor's position, but the subject matter of the possession. Based on such considerations, the United States the "Uniform Commercial Code" also provides for the sale in order to retain ownership of the delivery time as a basis for determining the time standards for risk transfer. Therefore, in the subject matter of delivery, the buyer shall not be objects of the damage or loss to avoid the remainder of the loan payment obligations.Under normal circumstances, the subject matter of the risk of loss may result from natural causes, or it may be man-made reasons, we are discussing here is only limited to a third person against the subject matter of man-made losses after the allocation of damages in the case. Because the buyer has to continue to price the seller to pay the remaining obligations, and to assume the risk of loss of the subject matter, so should be allowed to request to the infringement damages. After obtaining the compensation price to the seller to pay the balance.Here mainly relates to two situations: First, where the subject matter of all the loss, for example, a value of five million yuan Xi A B buildings have the right to hire-purchase transactions, if B had been paid 150 million yuan, non-payment of the remaining 3.5 million yuan. And C deliberately burned down the whole house, and the value of the building was only 400 million, while C to B should be paid four million yuan as compensation.Because the subject matter of B should bear the damage, the risk of loss, so it should be paid to a surplus of 350 million, for the remaining 50 million dollars as the right to expect of their losses. If because of market fluctuations in the value of the building was only three million yuan, while at this time, B in addition to three million yuan will be delivered to A, it should also pay 500,000 yuan. The second case is part of the subject matter of the loss, or in the above example, the C deliberately set fire to buildings, but because of the timely rescue, only some of the losses caused by buildings.Calculated the total loss of 200 million will be at this point in the delivery of C B 2 million yuan compensation, may continue to pay a price to obtain the remaining ownership of the building. To sum up, I believe that retention of title from the seller and buyer in the sale of the risk burden on the perspective of research on the subject of a third person against damages, they can balance the interests of buyers and sellers, but also clear the two sides the relationship is, after all, a good policy.四、结语 Retention of title in the expectations of the buyer the right to civil law in Germany to discuss the most problems in 1900 from Germany, China and France since the implementation of the right to expect sentences of hundreds of scholars of the theory is the more voluminous. Professor Bauer has made: "In civil law, the did not have a problem, such as retention of title in the buyer's right to such a depth look forward to the researchers."142 This shows that on the retention of title in the buyer's expectations right to the civil law theory, a major difficulty, only the in-depth study before thinking of a title retention system to have a better understanding, in order to better play the effectiveness of the system, service in our social and economic life.。
3.毕业论文的外文翻译要写什么内容
《关于毕业论文书写格式》 关于毕业论文书写格式 （参考某一学校的要求） 论文书写格式 论文全部要采用word 来书写，文件名统一为“report95´ ´ .doc”，其中´ ´ 代表自己的学号。
学位论文一般应包括下述几部分： 论文首页格式： 其中学位论文题目用黑体二号字，其余用宋体四号字 论文题目应能概括整个论文最重要的内容，简明、恰当，一般不超过25个字。 中文摘要及其关键词（宋体5号字b5排版）： 4 论文第二页为500字左右的中文内容摘要，应说明本论文的目的、研究方法、成果和结论。
学位论文摘要是学位论文的缩影，尽可能保留原论文的基本信息，突出论文的创造性成果和 新见解。论文摘要应尽量深入浅出，通俗易懂，少用公式字母，语言力求精炼、准确。
4 在本页的最下方另起一行，注明本文的关键词3╠5个。 英文摘要及其关键词（宋体5号字b5排版）： 论文第三页为英文摘要，内容与中文摘要和关键词相同。
学校名称：东北师范大学 院（系）名称：计算机系 本科生学号： 学 位 论 文 题 目 学 科、专 业：计算机科学技术 本科生姓名： _____ _ 指导教师姓名：_________ 指导教师职称：___________ 东北师范大学计算机系学位评定委员会 年 月 摘 要（粗宋体居中四号字） （空一行） 摘要内容（宋体5号左对齐） （空一行） 关键词：词1、词2 目录： 论文各章节的详细目录。格式如下： 计算机概论……… ………………………………..……1 1.1 计算机产生……..…………………………………………..1 1.2 计算机的发展……………………………………………..2 1.3 计算机中的进制 …………………………………………3 一 二进制表示法…………………………………………..….3 第二章 计算机文化基础……………………………………….6 其中：“章”部分使用宋粗体四号字；“节”部分采用宋体5号字 引言（或序言）（宋体5号字b5排版）： 内容为本研究领域的国内外现状，本论文所要解决的问题，该研究工作在经济建设、科技进步和社会发展等某方面的实用价值与理论意义。
正文是学位论文的主体： 4 要求采用宋体5号字b5排版。每页36行，每行32个字。
页码打印在页面下方中间位置， 论文装订后尺寸为标准b5复印纸的尺寸。页眉部分奇数页使用“东北师范大学计算机系 学士学位论文”，偶数页使用论文题目的名称。
4 论文中图表、附注、参考文献、公式一律采用阿拉伯数字连续（或 分章）编号。图序及图名置于图的下方；表序及表名置于表的上方；论文中的公式编号， 用括弧括起写在右边行末，其间不加虚线。
4 学位论文一律在左侧装订，要求装订、剪切整齐，便于使用。 4 论文字数控制在1万字至3万字之间。
宋体3号字居中显示 （空一行） §1.1 宋体4号字居中显示 （空一行） 粗宋体5号字左起 正文部分宋体5号字，语言要简练，不能有错字、别字。也不能有错误的观点。
参考文献： 按学位论文中所引用文献的顺序、列于文末。 [编号]、作者、文章题目、期刊名（外文可缩写）、年份、卷号、期数、页码。
文献是图书时，书写格式为： [编号]、作者、书名、出版单位、年份、版次、页码。 附录： 包括放在正文内过分冗长的公式、以备他人阅读方便所需的辅助性数学工具、重复 性的数据图表、论文使用的符号意义、单位缩写、程序全文及有关说明等。
4.求一个论文外文翻译,3000字,中英文都要,真谢谢
Introduction to Civil Engineering Papers Civil Engineering for the development of a key role, first as a material foundation for the civil engineering construction materials, followed by the subsequent development of the design theory and construction technology. Every time a new quality of building materials, civil engineering will be a leap-style development. People can only rely on the early earth, wood and other natural materials in the construction activities, and later appeared in brick and tile that artificial materials, so that the first human to break the shackles of natural building materials. China in the eleventh century BC in the early Western Zhou Dynasty created the tile. The first brick in the fifth century BC to the third century BC, when the tomb of the Warring States Period. Brick and tile better than the mechanical properties of soil, materials, and easy to manufacture. The brick and tile so that people began to appear widely, to a large number of housing construction and urban flood control project, and so on. This civil engineering technology has been rapid development. Up to 18 to the 19th century, as long as two thousand years, brick and tile has been a major civil engineering construction materials, human civilization has made a great contribution to the even was also widely used in the present. The application of a large number of steel products is the second leap in civil engineering. Seventeen 1970s the use of pig iron, the early nineteenth century, the use of wrought iron bridges and the construction of housing, which is a prelude to the emergence of steel. From the beginning of the mid-nineteenth century, metallurgical industry, smelting and rolling out high tensile and compressive strength, ductility, uniformity of the quality of construction steel and then produce high-strength steel wire, steel cables. As a result of the need to adapt to the development of the steel structure have been flourishing. In addition to the application of the original beam, arch structure, the new truss, a framework, the structure of network, cable structures to promote the gradual emergence of the structure of Yan in the form of flowers. From the brick building long-span structures, stone structures, a few meters of wood, steel structure to the development of tens of meters, a few hundred meters, until modern km above. So in the river, cross the bridge from shelves, on the ground since the construction of skyscrapers and high-rise tower, even in the laying of underground railway, to create an unprecedented miracle. In order to meet the needs of the development of steel works, on the basis of Newton's mechanics, material mechanics, structural mechanics, structural engineering design theory came into being, and so on. Construction machinery, construction technology and construction organization design theory also development, civil engineering from the experience of rising to become science, engineering practice and theoretical basis for both is a different place, which led to more rapid development of civil engineering. During the nineteenth century, 20, made of Portland cement, concrete has come out. Concrete can aggregate materials, easy-to-concrete structures forming, but the tensile strength of concrete is very small, limited use. By the middle of the nineteenth century, the surge in steel production, with the emergence of this new type of reinforced concrete composite construction materials, which bear the tension steel, concrete bear the pressure and play their own advantages. Since the beginning of the 20th century, reinforced concrete is widely used in various fields of civil engineering. From the beginning of the 1930s, there have been pre-stressed concrete. Pre-stressed concrete structure of the crack resistance, rigidity and carrying capacity, much higher than the reinforced concrete structure, which uses an even wider area. Civil Engineering into the reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete dominant historical period. Concrete buildings to bring about the emergence of new economic, aesthetic structure in the form of engineering, civil engineering so that a new construction technology and engineering design of the structure of the theory. This is another leap in the development of civil engineering. A project to build the facilities in general to go through the investigation, design and construction in three stages, require the use of geological prospecting projects, hydro-geological survey, engineering survey, soil mechanics, mechanical engineering, engineering design, building materials, construction equipment, engineering machinery, building the economy , And other disciplines and 。
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