众文网1.急求土木工程道路方向的毕业设计外文翻译,最好有中文译文
这是当年毕业时我的翻译，因为原文有图表等原文也超过10000字，没法在这里发，如需要原文（pdf版及word版）及全部翻译（5000字，中文），请留下邮箱。
摘要部分的翻译： 各种断面形状钢管混凝土的单轴应力应变关系 K.A.S. Susantha , Hanbin Ge, Tsutomu Usami* 土木工程学院，名古屋大学， Chikusa-ku ，名古屋 464-8603， 日本 收讫于2000年5月31日 ； 正式校定于2000年12月19日； 被认可于2001年2月14日 ¬¬ 摘要 一种预测受三轴压应力混凝土的完全应力-应变曲线的方法被提出，这种三轴压应力是由环形、箱形和八角形的钢管混凝土中的限制作用导致的轴向荷载加测向压力所产生的。有效的经验公式被用来确定施加于环形钢管混凝土柱内混凝土的侧向压力。
FEM（有限元）分析法和混凝土-钢箍交互作用模型已被用来估计施加于箱形和八角形柱的混凝土侧向压力。接着，进行了广泛的参数研究，旨在提出一个经验公式，确定不同的筒材料和结构特性下的最大平均侧向压力。
如此计算出的侧向压力通过一个著名经验公式确定出侧向受限混凝土强度。对于高峰之后的应力-应变关系的确定，使用了有效的试验结果。
基于这些测试结果，和近似表达式来推算下降段的斜度和各种断面形状的筒内侧向受限混凝土在确认的混凝土强度下的应变。推算出的混凝土强度和后峰值性能在允许的界限内与测试结果吻合得非常好。
所提出的模型可用于包括梁柱构件在内的纤维分析，以确定抗震结构设计中混凝土填充钢柱筒的极限状态的推算标准。 •版权所有2001 Elsevier科学技术有限公司。
关键词： 钢管混凝土；限制；混凝土强度；延性；应力应变关系；纤维分析 Uniaxial stress–strain relationship of concrete confined by various shaped steel tubesK.A.S. Susantha, Hanbin Ge, Tsutomu Usami *Department of Civil Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, JapanReceived 31 May 2000; received in revised form 19 December 2000; accepted 14 February 2001AbstractA method is presented to predict the complete stress–strain curve of concrete subjected to triaxial compressive stresses caused by axial load plus lateral pressure due to the confinement action in circular, box and octagonal shaped concrete-filled steel tubes. Available empirical formulas are adopted to determine the lateral pressure exerted on concrete in circular concrete-filled steel columns. To evaluate the lateral pressure exerted on the concrete in box and octagonal shaped columns, FEM analysis is adopted with the help of a concrete–steel interaction model. Subsequently, an extensive parametric study is conducted to propose an empiricalequation for the maximum average lateral pressure, which depends on the material and geometric properties of the columns. Lateral pressure so calculated is correlated to confined concrete strength through a well known empirical formula. For determination of the post-peak stress–strain relation, available experimental results are used. Based on the test results, approximated expressions to predict the slope of the descending branch and the strain at sustained concrete strength are derived for the confined concrete in columns having each type of sectional shapes. The predicted concrete strength and post-peak behavior are found to exhibit goodagreement with the test results within the accepted limits. The proposed model is intended to be used in fiber analysis involving beam–column elements in order to establish an ultimate state prediction criterion for concrete-filled steel columns designed as earthquake resisting structures. •2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Concrete-filled tubes; Confinement; Concrete strength; Ductility; Stress–strain relation; Fiber analysis1. IntroductionConcrete-filled steel tubes (CFT) are becoming increasingly popular in recent decades due to their excellent earthquake resisting characteristics such as high ductility and improved strength. As a result, numerous experimental investigations have been carried out in recent years to examine the overall performance of CFT columns [1–11]. Although the behavior of CFT columns has been extensively examined, the concrete core confinement is not yet well understood. Many of the previous research works have been mainly focused on investigating the performance of CFT columns with various limitations. The main variables subjected to such limitations were the concrete strength, plate width-to- thickness (or radius-to-thickness) ratios and shapes of the sections. Steel strength, column slenderness ratio and rate of loading were also additionally considered. It is understandable that examination of the effects of all the above factors on performances of CFTs in a wider range, exclusively on experimental manner, 。
2.寻求毕业论文外文文献翻译（汽车或交通方面）
On the improvement of the current status of urban bus transport Paper Keywords: organization; planning Abstract: Urban traffic system is the urban system is an important subsystem, the city depends on the survival and development of transport, the rapid development of urban traffic and promote development. The bus transport in urban traffic is an important part of the city, it should speed up the development of urban bus transport in order to promote the rapid development of cities. Passenger traffic from the city traffic can be classified as public transport and private transport system of the two. At present, China's urban public transport characteristics are: the city public transport lanes with low coverage and low levels due to management, and other vehicles occupied by frequent public transport bus lanes caused by the low operating efficiency. Urban road unreasonable, so that local public transportation system utilization rate. Aging of the city bus a high degree of scheduling and organization of the unreasonable. Should speed up the development of urban transport system, the full development of urban transportation convenient, fast, large capacity. Therefore the following aspects should be the improvement of the urban bus transportation available. 1 city bus transport lines Urban public transport routes should be in line the city's main traffic flow, public transport in cities should be divided into the main lines and feeder lines. The main line linking the main passenger terminal and transportation hub, more than millions of people in big cities, the focus on passenger traffic hub should be set up quickly direct public transport routes. Generally by means of surveys to obtain data on a straight-line access to integrated planning and overall planning should be coordinated with the City to carry out. The use of lanes, the best rationale for a dedicated lane so that other lane segregation, isolation can be used with dedicated lanes and is equipped with monitoring systems. 2 urban public traffic density lines Urban public transport motor vehicles are usually lines of planning density, in the city center 3 ~ 4km/km2, peri-urban areas of 2 ~ 2.5km/km2, the distance between the Route 600 ~ 1000m, walking no more than 4 ~ 6min appropriate, the Town urban bus to the length of line should be advised as to the length of 8 ~ 12km. Would cause long lines of passengers waiting a long time and bus time arrival rate of a series of drawbacks such as poor. 3 bus scheduling and organization Vehicle Scheduling optimization is to determine the normal and efficient public transport operation of the important factors. Changes based on passenger flow and the specific operating conditions and other regulations, various models of vehicles and road traffic organization, such as passenger flow during peak hours to focus on the trunk of the vehicle with high-capacity organizations Station or shuttle bus from the train, in the flow large and narrow streets, small turning radius and the flow concentration of the body block with short bus. In addition, they can employ intelligent management tool. For example: public transport vehicle automatic threshold control system (collectively referred to international AVMcautomatic vehicle monitoring system), it can dispatch room in between efficient information access, effective communication links between the two (GIS). The main vehicles used by the GPS scheduling, dynamic target tracking and data collection on traffic flow, GIS geographic information used in traffic management and visualization of dynamic traffic information display. In addition, you can use variable message board information, broadcasting, on-street public phone, public computer network terminal, which has been in the way of public transport users on the roadside, bus stations or bus stops and on the platform, access to real-time information on bus travel services. 4 Coordination of bus and taxi operations management Door-to-door taxi service for passengers with a higher level of public transport. Utilization rate of its high energy consumption and less than a bus, air pollution is serious, complete the volume occupied by units of time and space resources, such as road defects, it should be based on the level of urban development and the actual needs of the taxi industry to strengthen the management and operation management, so that the coordinated development of the bus. 5 vehicle technologies to improve China's passenger capacity by bus at a small (60-90 passenger), and medium-sized (90-130 passengers) and large articulated vehicles (130-180 passengers) should be based on actual passenger 。
3.关于道路的外文翻译哪里找
China Daily上看到的，希望能帮到你： 1。
by-pass 旁道 2。 ring road/beltway 环路；环形公路 3。
traffic-free/pedestrians street 步行街 4。 riverside boulevard 滨江道 5。
feeder road 专用线；分路支线 6。 accommodation road 专用道路 7。
makeshift road 临时道路 8。 eyesight-disability/disadvantage-friendly track 盲道 9。
diagonal/cater-cornered street 斜街 10。 tarred/asphalt road 柏油路 11。
cobble-stone/cobbled street 鹅卵石路 12。 elevated highroad 高架公路 13。
single carriageway 单行道 14。 dual carriageway 双行道 15。
overtaking lane 超车道 16。 clearway 畅行道（用于改善繁忙时间内的交通状况） 17。
fast traffic/outside lane 快车道 18。 slow traffic/inside lane 慢车道 19。
road junction 交叉路口 20。 T-junction 丁字路口 21。
bottleneck 易堵塞的路口。
4.求一个论文外文翻译,3000字,中英文都要,真谢谢
Introduction to Civil Engineering PapersCivil Engineering for the development of a key role, first as a material foundation for the civil engineering construction materials, followed by the subsequent development of the design theory and construction technology. Every time a new quality of building materials, civil engineering will be a leap-style development. People can only rely on the early earth, wood and other natural materials in the construction activities, and later appeared in brick and tile that artificial materials, so that the first human to break the shackles of natural building materials. China in the eleventh century BC in the early Western Zhou Dynasty created the tile. The first brick in the fifth century BC to the third century BC, when the tomb of the Warring States Period. Brick and tile better than the mechanical properties of soil, materials, and easy to manufacture. The brick and tile so that people began to appear widely, to a large number of housing construction and urban flood control project, and so on. This civil engineering technology has been rapid development. Up to 18 to the 19th century, as long as two thousand years, brick and tile has been a major civil engineering construction materials, human civilization has made a great contribution to the even was also widely used in the present. The application of a large number of steel products is the second leap in civil engineering. Seventeen 1970s the use of pig iron, the early nineteenth century, the use of wrought iron bridges and the construction of housing, which is a prelude to the emergence of steel. From the beginning of the mid-nineteenth century, metallurgical industry, smelting and rolling out high tensile and compressive strength, ductility, uniformity of the quality of construction steel and then produce high-strength steel wire, steel cables. As a result of the need to adapt to the development of the steel structure have been flourishing. In addition to the application of the original beam, arch structure, the new truss, a framework, the structure of network, cable structures to promote the gradual emergence of the structure of Yan in the form of flowers. From the brick building long-span structures, stone structures, a few meters of wood, steel structure to the development of tens of meters, a few hundred meters, until modern km above. So in the river, cross the bridge from shelves, on the ground since the construction of skyscrapers and high-rise tower, even in the laying of underground railway, to create an unprecedented miracle. In order to meet the needs of the development of steel works, on the basis of Newton's mechanics, material mechanics, structural mechanics, structural engineering design theory came into being, and so on. Construction machinery, construction technology and construction organization design theory also development, civil engineering from the experience of rising to become science, engineering practice and theoretical basis for both is a different place, which led to more rapid development of civil engineering. During the nineteenth century, 20, made of Portland cement, concrete has come out. Concrete can aggregate materials, easy-to-concrete structures forming, but the tensile strength of concrete is very small, limited use. By the middle of the nineteenth century, the surge in steel production, with the emergence of this new type of reinforced concrete composite construction materials, which bear the tension steel, concrete bear the pressure and play their own advantages. Since the beginning of the 20th century, reinforced concrete is widely used in various fields of civil engineering. From the beginning of the 1930s, there have been pre-stressed concrete. Pre-stressed concrete structure of the crack resistance, rigidity and carrying capacity, much higher than the reinforced concrete structure, which uses an even wider area. Civil Engineering into the reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete dominant historical period. Concrete buildings to bring about the emergence of new economic, aesthetic structure in the form of engineering, civil engineering so that a new construction technology and engineering design of the structure of the theory. This is another leap in the development of civil engineering. A project to build the facilities in general to go through the investigation, design and construction in three stages, require the use of geological prospecting projects, hydro-geological survey, engineering survey, soil mechanics, mechanical engineering, engineering design, building materials, construction equipment, engineering machinery, building the economy , And other disciplines and con。
5.求本科论文外文翻译,关于“汽车交通运输”方面的
on the improvement of the current status of urban bus transport paper keywords: organization; planning abstract: urban traffic system is the urban system is an important subsystem, the city depends on the survival and development of transport, the rapid development of urban traffic and promote development. the bus transport in urban traffic is an important part of the city, it should speed up the development of urban bus transport in order to promote the rapid development of cities. passenger traffic from the city traffic can be classified as public transport and private transport system of the two. at present, china's urban public transport characteristics are: the city public transport lanes with low coverage and low levels due to management, and other vehicles occupied by frequent public transport bus lanes caused by the low operating efficiency. urban road unreasonable, so that local public transportation system utilization rate. aging of the city bus a high degree of scheduling and organization of the unreasonable. should speed up the development of urban transport system, the full development of urban transportation convenient, fast, large capacity. therefore the following aspects should be the improvement of the urban bus transportation available. 1 city bus transport lines urban public transport routes should be in line the city's main traffic flow, public transport in cities should be divided into the main lines and feeder lines. the main line linking the main passenger terminal and transportation hub, more than millions of people in big cities, the focus on passenger traffic hub should be set up quickly direct public transport routes. generally by means of surveys to obtain data on a straight-line access to integrated planning and overall planning should be coordinated with the city to carry out. the use of lanes, the best rationale for a dedicated lane so that other lane segregation, isolation can be used with dedicated lanes and is equipped with monitoring systems. 2 urban public traffic density lines urban public transport motor vehicles are usually lines of planning density, in the city center 3 ~ 4km/km2, peri-urban areas of 2 ~ 2.5km/km2, the distance between the route 600 ~ 1000m, walking no more than 4 ~ 6min appropriate, the town urban bus to the length of line should be advised as to the length of 8 ~ 12km. would cause long lines of passengers waiting a long time and bus time arrival rate of a series of drawbacks such as poor. 3 bus scheduling and organization vehicle scheduling optimization is to determine the normal and efficient public transport operation of the important factors. changes based on passenger flow and the specific operating conditions and other regulations, various models of vehicles and road traffic organization, such as passenger flow during peak hours to focus on the trunk of the vehicle with high-capacity organizations station or shuttle bus from the train, in the flow large and narrow streets, small turning radius and the flow concentration of the body block with short bus. in addition, they can employ intelligent management tool. for example: public transport vehicle automatic threshold control system (collectively referred to international avmcautomatic vehicle monitoring system), it can dispatch room in between efficient information access, effective communication links between the two (gis). the main vehicles used by the gps scheduling, dynamic target tracking and data collection on traffic flow, gis geographic information used in traffic management and visualization of dynamic traffic information display. in addition, you can use variable message board information, broadcasting, on-street public phone, public computer network terminal, which has been in the way of public transport users on the roadside, bus stations or bus stops and on the platform, access to real-time information on bus travel services. 4 coordination of bus and taxi operations management door-to-door taxi service for passengers with a higher level of public transport. utilization rate of its high energy consumption and less than a bus, air pollution is serious, complete the volume occupied by units of time and space resources, such as road defects, it should be based on the level of urban development and the actual needs of the taxi industry to strengthen the management and operation management, so that the coordinated development of the bus. 5 vehicle technologies to improve china's passenger capacity by bus at a small (60-90 passenger), and medium-sized (90-130 passengers) and large articulated vehicles (130-180 passengers) should be based on actual passenger traffic to the 。
6.英语翻译 毕业论文外文翻译 作者和来源
您好，很高兴为您解答翻译：
Yang-Byung Park, Jun-Su Yoo
Department of Industrial and Management Systems Engineering, College of Engineering,Kyung Hee University (Republic of Korea)
（大韩民国）韩国庆熙大学工程学院工业与管理系统工程专业 朴阳炳 柳俊洙
（柳和朴在朝鲜族都是大姓。）
满意请记得采纳~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
7.毕业论文外文翻译英语原文去哪里找
以下是些英语论文，你可以参考下：）~~ 英语（科技/经贸英语）毕业论文 或：） /education/reference/papers/ 英语毕业论文[1829] 毕业论文的引文[208] 毕业论文选题和观点方面的…[139] 毕业论文的评价[83] /article_show.asp?articleid=1398 教育论文网：） 很多的 /lw/list3-1.htm 英语论文：） /lw/list3-1.htm。
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