众文网1.跪求英语论文5000字
(For children and primary school pupils) （一） Developing oral communication skills Oral communication skills here refer to listening and speaking skills. They are very important skills for beginners. Children learning their native language begin by understanding through listening. They comprehend the language long before they can speak. With primary school pupils, it is better that we let them listen and understand the language first. Let them speak gradually when they feel ready and comfortable with it. In fact, listening and speaking are always used inseparably in real life situations. However, listening is an important basis for speaking. The following are some listening and speaking activities you can use in the classroom. Read them and discuss which ones are adaptable in your teaching and which ones are not practical for your situations and explain why. Listening Activities ♠ Listen and act/follow instructions This type of activity is also known as TPR (Total Physical Response). TPR is an extremely useful and adaptable teaching technique in the primary classroom for language learning. With TPR, children listen to their teacher telling them what to do and then do it. This is also the way how children acquired their first language. They are able to do things according to what they hear long before they are able to speak the language. By doing TPR, you are also giving chil- dren a sense of security. It does not matter if they cannot pronounce the word or say the sentence. They can simply listen and watch others to understand the meaning. For TPR activities, the easiest is to start with classroom commands, 'touch' activities and verbs in action, etc. （二）Speaking activities Speaking activities do not need to be always reading aloud, reciting dialogues or repeating what the teacher said. When we speak, we speak with a purpose and we speak with interest as well. Therefore, we need to create interesting topics and genuine purposes for children to speak the language. Of course some imitations and repetitions are necessary to prepare children to speak, but even with imi- tations and repetitions, we can make them more interesting and meaningful. One important point to note is that speaking only develops gradually with plenty of practice and with a lot of encouragement. We should have realistic expectations with children beginning with English. The following are some speaking activities. Some of them are basic speaking activities and some of them are more advanced speaking activities. They can only be applied with different levels of learners and in different contexts. 本文摘自：。
2.求一篇 【英文的论文】 5000字以上
A Contrastive Study of Courtesy Language in English and Chinese 英汉礼貌用语对比研究 I Contents Abstract in Chinese Abstract in English Chapter I Introduction………………………………………………………………1 Chapter II A Review of Literature on Courtesy Language Studies……………….2 2.1 Definitions of Politeness in English and Chinese………………………………2 2.2 Indirect Speech Acts Theory and Courtesy Language……………………….…3 2.3 Cooperative Principle and Courtesy Language…………………………………3 Chapter III Cultural Influences on Courtesy Language…………………….……6 3.1 Two Different Cultures………………………………………………………….6 3.1.1 Confucianism…………………………………………………………….6 3.1.2 Christianity……………………………………………………………….7 3.2 Politeness Principle:Chinese vs English……………………………………..8 3.2.1 Politeness Principle of Chinese………………………………………….8 3.2.2 Politeness Principle of English……………………………………….10 3.3 Age Value:Chinese vs English……………………………………………12 3.4 Face Theory:English vs Chinese………………………………………….12 3.4.1 Face Theory in English………………………………………………..13 3.4.2 Face Theory in Chinese………………………………………………….13 Chapter IV A Contrastive Study of Courtesy Language in Chinese and English ………………………………………………………………………………………..15 4.1 Terms of Address…………………………………………………………….15 4.1.1 Kinship Terms…………………………………………………….…..15 4.1.2 Non-kinship terms……………………………………………………….17 4.2 Greetings……………………………………………………………………..19 4.2.1 Purposes of Greetings……………………………………………………..19 4.2.2 Contents of Greetings……………………………………………….…..20 4.2.3 Forms of Greetings………………………………………………………..21 4.3 Congratulations………………………………………………………………22 4.4 Appreciations and Apologies…………………………………………………..23 Chapter V Mutual Influences of Courtesy Language between the Two LanguagesII ………………………………………………………………………………………..24 5.1 Influence of English Courtesy Language on Chinese………………………..24 5.2 Influence of Chinese Courtesy Language on English………………………..24 Chapter VI Pragmatic Failure in Courtesy Language……………………………….25 Chapter VII Conclusion…………………………………………………………………..28 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………………30III 英汉礼貌用语对比研究 年级：2003研究生：卜晓阳导师：李冬梅副教授何瑞镛教授 学科专业：英语语言文学研究方向：特殊用途英语 摘要 本文主要从文化角度对英汉礼貌用语进行对比研究。
近年来由于对外交流的不断发展，人们对于外语知识的渴求也在不断地增 长。但是如果人们不了解英汉两种语言的异同--特别在礼貌用语方面，在交际中 可能会出现一些误解，影响具有两种语言背景人们之间的交流，也影响语言学习 者对语言的掌握。
礼貌是一种社会现象，它普遍存在于各国语言中，但由于文化价值差异和语 用习惯的不同，人们对礼貌的理解、处理和运用方式各不相同。在跨文化交际中， 我们应该注意到不同文化的内涵，否则容易引起交际中的语用失误。
中国文化和英美文化被视为东西方文化的代表。中国文化深受儒家思想的影 响，强调人的社会性、集体精神，强化社会、集体对人的约束。
而英美社会中， 人们推崇的是个人主义，讲究个人拥有不受他人干扰的权利和自由，个人利益神 圣不可侵犯。 语言是文化的一部分，受到文化的影响，是文化的一面镜子。
因此礼貌用语 作为语言的一部分与文化也是密不可分的。英汉文化不同，英汉语言的礼貌原则 也存在差异。
汉语礼貌原则的最大特点是"自卑尊人"，通过贬低自己表示对别人 的礼貌；英语礼貌原则被概括为六对"尽量多，尽量少"。英语礼貌原则与汉语礼 貌原则的最大差异是它没有称呼准则。
西方人受基督教的影响，追求平等自由， 因此他们不象中国人在称呼上如此讲究身份和地位的差异。这些特点在双方的礼 貌用语里都得到了充分的体现。
礼貌用语主要通过以下几种形式出现，称谓语，问候语，祝福语，感谢语， 道歉语等。受不同文化的影响，英汉礼貌用语在上述的形式中也存在差异。
英汉 称谓语的最大差异在于汉语称谓语丰富而复杂，而英语称谓语简单而粗疏；汉语 把亲属称谓泛化到了亲属关系之外的范围，而在英语中却没有这种现象。英美人 交。
3.帮忙翻译一篇5000字的英文文献
1.3 Aquaculture Industrialization in Developing Countries 13水产产业化在发展中国家Industrialization and commercialization will likely shape aquaculture development in developing regions throughout the world with growth trends mirroring 21 those observed in the United States during the 20th century. In particular, most food industries in the United States, including aquaculture, have shifted away from traditional 工业化、商品化水产养殖的发展将很可能在发展中地区形状全世界提供增长趋势镜像21所观察到的现象在美国二十世纪期间。
特别指出的是，目前在美国食品行业，包括养殖、迁走了从传统practices by which individual farmers both produce and distribute food in small scale to 这两个习惯，个体农民的生产和发行规模小，食物local or regional markets. Many food system industries are now industrialized operations 当地或区域的市场。许多食物系统行业现在是工业化的操作in which three principal components: manufacturing, processing, and distribution are able 在这三个主分量：生产、加工、配送能力出众to operate independently and in large-scale. The aquaculture industry is still in early 自主经营和规模宏大。
水产养殖产业尚处于早期stages of industrialization compared to other agriculture sectors, yet the trend towards 比起其他的工业化阶段，然而农业领域的发展趋势commercialization and de-coupling of its principal components are already well de-coupling和商业化的主成分已经够好了underway. 开始工作。Predicting the specific mechanisms by which the aquaculture industry will grow， 预测的具体机制水产业将会加剧，based on the analysis of past market changes, is difficult as data on the aggregation and 分析的基础上，过去的市场变化，已经够艰难的数据聚集和market concentrations of agriculture and aquaculture system components for the United 农业市场和水产养殖的浓度为曼联系统组件States have only been collected since the early 1980's with the exception of fruit and 州只有被收藏之初以来1980年的除了水果和vegetables (Dimitri, 1999). However, traditional agriculture markets are clearly being 蔬菜（迪米特里，1999）。
然而，传统农业市场都有明确的存在replaced by vertical integration, strategic alliances, and contracts (Rogers, 2000; 2001). 取而代之的垂直整合，战略联盟，合同（·罗杰斯，2000;2001年）。As a result, operations for each of the three stages of food systems are becoming larger 作为一个结果，操作的每个三个阶段的食物系统已经变得更大and more efficient, but fewer in number. Moreover, aquaculture businesses within the 更少、更高效，但在数字。
此外，在水产养殖企业United States are now able to operate in large-scale as they coordinate business functions 美国现在能够在大型作为他们协调业务功能within an industry network comprised of multiple strategic partnerships. Such networks 在一个工业网络包含在多样的战略伙伴关系。这样的网络serve to coordinate supply and demand in large-scale. Building similar business 服务协调供需规模宏大。
建设同类业务frameworks in developing regions of the world will likely play an equally critical role in 框架在发展中国家可能会起到同等重要的作用the development of agriculture and aquaculture sectors. 农业的发展和水产养殖等行业。22 22With the anticipation of future development of aquaculture supporting 预期未来与养殖业的发展支持infrastructures, new business model opportunities will likely develop which will further 基础设施、新的商业模式的机会也可能这将进一步发展enhance the global connectivity of the aquaculture industry. Already, a number of 提高全球的连通性养殖业。
已，相当多的businesses are able to transport aquaculture products internationally to satisfy global 商人能够养殖水产品国际运输，以满足全球needs. In fact, the United States is a net importer of aquaculture products. However, as 需要。事实上，美国是养殖水产品的净进口国。
然而，随着the aquaculture industry becomes increasingly connected on a global scale, it will likely 水产养殖事业越来越连接在全球范围内，它可能会be transformed under multi-national business models much like those observed in 在跨国经营模式转变中所观察到的一样advanced manufacturing industries (e.g. automotive industry). For example, a Japanese 先进制造业（如汽车行业）。例如，一个日本car company operating a facility in the United States may have several components 汽车公司操作的一种设施在美国可能有几个部件manufactured from raw materials in places such as Germany and Russia. Those 从原料制造的地方，如德国和俄罗斯。
那些components may then be shipped to Japan where they are assembled into a subcomponent 组件可能会被运往日本的地方，他们受到组合成。
4.跪求英语论文5000字
(For children and primary school pupils) （一） Developing oral communication skills Oral communication skills here refer to listening and speaking skills. They are very important skills for beginners. Children learning their native language begin by understanding through listening. They comprehend the language long before they can speak. With primary school pupils, it is better that we let them listen and understand the language first. Let them speak gradually when they feel ready and comfortable with it. In fact, listening and speaking are always used inseparably in real life situations. However, listening is an important basis for speaking. The following are some listening and speaking activities you can use in the classroom. Read them and discuss which ones are adaptable in your teaching and which ones are not practical for your situations and explain why. Listening Activities Listen and act/follow instructions This type of activity is also known as TPR (Total Physical Response). TPR is an extremely useful and adaptable teaching technique in the primary classroom for language learning. With TPR, children listen to their teacher telling them what to do and then do it. This is also the way how children acquired their first language. They are able to do things according to what they hear long before they are able to speak the language. By doing TPR, you are also giving chil- dren a sense of security. It does not matter if they cannot pronounce the word or say the sentence. They can simply listen and watch others to understand the meaning. For TPR activities, the easiest is to start with classroom commands, 'touch' activities and verbs in action, etc. （二）Speaking activities Speaking activities do not need to be always reading aloud, reciting dialogues or repeating what the teacher said. When we speak, we speak with a purpose and we speak with interest as well. Therefore, we need to create interesting topics and genuine purposes for children to speak the language. Of course some imitations and repetitions are necessary to prepare children to speak, but even with imi- tations and repetitions, we can make them more interesting and meaningful. One important point to note is that speaking only develops gradually with plenty of practice and with a lot of encouragement. We should have realistic expectations with children beginning with English. The following are some speaking activities. Some of them are basic speaking activities and some of them are more advanced speaking activities. They can only be applied with different levels of learners and in different contexts. 本文摘自： 。
5.请提供一篇5000字的英语论文,内容是关于“长输管道”方面的
1. Spraying devices by the control classification 1) mechanical control of fuel injection system 2) The Electrical and Mechanical mixed-control fuel injection system 3) electronic control of fuel injection system. Jetta 1.6 L5V engine fuel injection system for electronic control of fuel injection system, the system through a variety of sensors to monitor the engine running parameters, engine ECU analysis, comparison, calculated after the issue of control fuel injection and ignition time, and other implementation Instructions, through the fuel injector fuel injection to control the length of fuel injection, air-fuel ratio to achieve the mixture of high-precision control. 2. Fuel injection position by Category 1) in-cylinder injection 2), spray tanks. Jetta 1.6 L5V engine fuel injection system for a spray tank, it refers to gasoline sprayed into the gas pipeline in the corresponding parts, tanks, jet spray used low-voltage devices, their low cost and effective work. 3. Injector installation sites by Category 1) a single point of injection 2) multi-point injection. Jetta 1.6 L5V engine fuel injection system for multi-point injection, it is in each cylinder intake were set up in front of a fuel injector, the implementation of the oil tank, respectively. Because of its fuel injector installed in the cylinder intake manifold, cylinder gas mixture evenly distributed, the engine of change in the status of an instant response to better performance. 4. Fuel injection method by Category 1) Continuous Spray 2) intermittent jet. By intermittent jet spray timing can be divided into different order of spray, spray and also spray division. Jetta 1.6 L5V engine fuel injection system for intermittent jet spray in the order, its cylinder engine injector on the work order, in the cylinder exhaust on the trip ended at a crank angle before the order of rotation jet engine every turn Two to each cylinder injector the first oil spray. Although this method of control of the more demanding, but it can ensure the good performance of the engine. 5. Detected by the air classification methods 1 1) D-Electronic Fuel Injection (manifold pressure measurement-) 2) L-type electronic control fuel injection system (air-traffic measurement). Jetta 1.6 L5V engine fuel injection system for the L-type electronically controlled fuel injection system, the system detected through a variety of air flow meter to measure air flow of air inhaled engine, fuel injection and thus determine the duration of mass flow method of spraying Oil. L-injection system need to install special air-flow meter, high-precision measurement, the use of the advanced spray systems.自己看着改吧 在线翻译的不是很准确。
6.全英语论文3000字
Published in 1847, WUTHERING HEIGHTS was not well received by the reading public, many of whom condemned it as sordid, vulgar, and unnatural--and author Emily Bronte went to her grave in 1848 believing that her only novel was a failure. It was not until 1850, when WUTHERING HEIGHTS received a second printing with an introduction by Emily's sister Charlotte, that it attracted a wide readership. And from that point the reputation of the book has never looked back. Today it is widely recognized as one of the great novels of English literature. Even so, WUTHERING HEIGHTS continues to divide readers. It is not a pretty love story; rather, it is swirling tale of largely unlikeable people caught up in obsessive love that turns to dark madness. It is cruel, violent, dark and brooding, and many people find it extremely unpleasant. And yet--it possesses a grandeur of language and design, a sense of tremendous pity and great loss that sets it apart from virtually every other novel written. The novel is told in the form of an extended flashback. After a visit to his strange landlord, a newcomer to the area desires to know the history of the family--which he receives from Nelly Deans, a servant who introduces us to the Earnshaw family who once resided in the house known as Wuthering Heights. It was once a cheerful place, but Old Earnshaw adopted a "Gipsy" child who he named Heathcliff. And Catherine, daughter of the house, found in him the perfect companion: wild, rude, and as proud and cruel as she. But although Catherine loves him, even recognizes him as her soulmate, she cannot lower herself to marry so far below her social station. She instead marries another, and in so doing sets in motion an obsession that will destroy them all. WUTHERING HEIGHTS is a bit difficult to "get into;" the opening chapters are so dark in their portrait of the end result of this obsessive love that they are somewhat off-putting. But they feed into the flow of the work in a remarkable way, setting the stage for one of the most remarkable structures in all of literature, a story that circles upon itself in a series of repetitions as it plays out across two generations. Catherine and Heathcliff are equally remarkable, both vicious and cruel, and yet never able to shed their impossible love no matter how brutally one may wound the other. As the novel coils further into alcoholism, seduction, and one of the most elaborately imagined plans of revenge it gathers into a ghostly tone: Heathcliff, driven to madness by a woman who is not there but who seems reflected in every part of his world--dragging her corpse from the grave, hearing her calling to him from the moors, escalating his brutality not for the sake of brutality but so that her memory will never fade, so that she may never leave his mind until death itself. Yes, this is madness, insanity, and there is no peace this side of the grave or even beyond. Many people in the world are trying to find a perfect companion.Some of these may marry and not know what their new husband or wife is like.This kind of situation often leads to separation or hostility. Other situations may develop between two friends that stem from jealousy, desire for revenge, uncaring parents, etc. Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights displays several characteristics of destructive relationships. Three of these are uncaring parents, marriage without knowing the person, and jealousy. Uncaring or unsympathizing parents are shown throughout this story to be an element of destructive relationships. Because Heathcliff gained all the attention from Mr. Earnshaw, Hindley became disassociated from his father. This separation continued until after Mr. Earnshaw had died.Another example is between Hindley and Hareton. Hindley became such a drunk and a gambler that he could not properly care for young Hareton. This led to a separation between Hareton and his father as well. One primary example of an uncaring parent is shown between Heathcliff and his son Linton.Heathcliff did not even want his son for anything except enacting a part of his revenge. This is shown by Linton's fear of Heathcliff and Heathcliff's enmity toward his son. Linton even says "。
my father threatened me, and I dread him - I dread him!"(244) to express his feeling about Heathcliff.The hostility and separation between father and son in this book shows that uncaring parents can cause serious damage in relationships with their children. This element of destructive behavior may stem from an unhappy marriage in which the husbands or wives don't know each other. This had happened between Isabella and Heathcliff. Isabella did not really 。
7.麻烦给一篇关于旅游方面的英语论文 5000字就可以了
胡乱凑的，大概千把字，希望对你有点帮助，本人比较菜。
My Travelling Experience I like travelling very much. First, by traveling we can enjoy the beautiful scenery in different places. We will see with our own eyes many places read of in books, and visit some famous cities and scenic spots. Second, we will meet people with different interests and see strange and different things when we travel. We can get ideas of the conditions and customs of other people, taste different foods and local flavours if we like. In this way, we can understand how differently other people live.Third, travel will not only help us to gain knowledge of geography and history and other knowledge, which will arouse our deeplove :for our motherland, but also will help us keep healthy and make us less narrow-minded. Travel does benefit us both mentally and physically. Now at an increasing rate of social development, in such a fast pace of life, we need to release the pressure. And I think that's one of the best release way: tourism. First of all, traveling can bring us away from our work place, it is easy to forget the pressure of work and study. Second, came to a new place, can give a person a kind of pure and fresh feeling, make yourself feel cheerful. Last, but indispensable is that tourism will be in virtually broadens our mind, an increase of the whole world understanding. Above all is I like traveling reasons. But I have been to place is not much, and most of them are Western cities like: Chongqing, Chengdu, Yunnan, Xian, Xining, Lanzhou, Urumqi. I like the landscape and the lively of Chongqing, like Chengdu's leisure, like the ancient Xi'an simple, like the vitality of Xining, like the large crowd of Lanzhou, like the Western amorous feelings of Urumqi. If let me have a choice, I first choose Yunnan again. Yunnan, namely "clouds south", is located in China's southwest, is a fantastic place. Yunnan with its peculiar natural landscape and national culture attracts the world of tourists. Yunnan Xishuangbanna is the place my most yearning to go. Xishuangbanna, which ancient as "Meng Parana West", meaning "land of the ideal and magic". Here with mysterious tropical rainforest natural landscape and minority nationality amorous feelings is famous in the world, is China's one of the hot tourist cities. The water-sprinkling festival is held in mid-April, attracted numerous tourists at home and abroad. How to go to Xishuangbanna? You can first fly to Kunming, to take the shuttle bus to Xishuangbanna. Of course, you still can participate in Kunming to Xishuangbanna groups. Xishuangbanna from provincial capital Kunming about 700 kilometers, by bus or a day for two days (10 hours) can be reached. With airport landing "Boeing 737", "airbus 319" aircraft every day, from Kunming to Xishuangbanna of direct flights, air flight time about 50 minutes (cost: full-fare 990 yuan/digits), another monarch from Beijing, Shanghai, Chengdu, Chongqing, Bangkok to cities such as direct route to Xishuangbanna. Within the territory of the road extends in all directions, very convenient. If I had the opportunity to Xishuangbanna especially in mid-April, I can't wait to take part in the play of water-sprinkling festival, feel the Dai people festive. Not to be missed are the integration of nature, with beautiful nature. Most are good with beautiful girls photo, Dai can taste the most delicious local foods. There is the famous world's beautiful dance---Peacock Dance. Xishuangbanna, a yearning places, including me. In my visited tourist attractions, the deepest impression should be the Lijiang Jade Dragon Snow Mountain. Junior high school graduation year summer vacation of that year, approximately in August, I had the pleasure of went to Lijiang, Yunnan, visited the most south of the great snow mountains in the northern hemisphere. Although be in August, the great snow mountains brought me shock, yet are very clear. We are travelling from Lijiang to Jade Dragon Snow Mountain, passing in a chairlift to Yak meadow, we saw the magnificent Jade Dragon Snow Mountain. The sun shone the Jade Dragon Snow Mountain snow, snow reflects the light of the sun snow moutain appear so dazzling, as if a vigorous jade dragon, come from the deep meandering, prancing in the glorious land, full of magnificent, majestic beauty. Enter the Jade Dragon Snow Mountain attractions, we took the bus to Jade Dragon snow mountain. Sitting at the table the car cableway, a start was a bit afraid, they adapt slowly. I looked to the feet, underneath the plants are very much, but they are relatively low, the leaves are needle-like. Listen to the guide said, like the 。
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