众文网1.求一篇有关国际贸易的英文版论文
Investment liberalization and international trade Abstract This paper estimates the cross-price elasticity of exports with respect to investment costs for bilateral relations between 36 countries. We show that the effect of reducing foreign direct investment costs on exports depends on country characteristics and trade costs as predicted by the [Markusen, 1997 and Markusen, 2002] model. When countries differ in relative factor endowments and trade costs are low, investment liberalization stimulates exports, whereas when countries are similar in terms of relative factor endowments and size, and trade costs are moderate to high, investment liberalization reduces exports. Author Keywords: Exports; Foreign direct investment; International trade; Investment costs; Investment liberalization ----------- 是一个PDF，你看看摘要，觉得可以我传你.还有很多，反正就是关于international trade。
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2.国际贸易论文摘要翻译,求英文大侠帮忙
论文摘要：我国外贸总量的飞速增长是以牺牲环境质量为代价的，分析我国进出口贸易对环境的不利影响，可以看出我国贸易与环境冲突的根本原因是粗放式的外贸增长方式、落后的科技水平及制度的欠缺乏等，改变此种局面，转变外贸增长方式，以技术进步优化出口商品结构；实现环境成本内部化；建立并强化进出口的环境准入制度；加强环保国际合作等政策是当前切实可行的。
Abstracts: China's foreign trade volume at the expense of rapid growth in the cost of environmental quality, analysis of China's import and export trade of the adverse effects on the environment, we can see that China's trade with the root causes of environmental conflict is the extensive growth mode of foreign trade and backward the technological level and the system, such as due to the lack of change such a situation, change the growth mode of foreign trade in order to optimize the export structure of technological progress; the realization of internalization of environmental costs; the establishment and strengthening of environmental access system for the import and export; to strengthen international cooperation in environmental protection, etc. policy is feasible.。
3.高分求国贸专业论文英文参考文献
1. Risk-Based Capital Standards and the Riskiness of Bank Portfolios: Credit and Factor Risks [5.317%] Steven R. Grenadier & Brian J. Hall1995 Downloadable (with restrictions)! Bank risk-based capital (RBC) standards require banks to hold differing amounts of capital for different classes of assets, based almost entirely on a credit risk criterion. The paper provides both a theoretical and empirical framework for evaluating such standards. A model outlining a pricing methodology for loans subject to default risk is presented. The model shows that the returns on such loans are affected by the complicated interaction of the likelihood of default, the consequences of default, term structure variables, and the pricing of factor risks in the economy. When we examine whether the risk weights accurately reflect bank asset risk, we find that the weights fail even in their limited goal of correctly quantifying credit risk. For example, our findings indicate that the RBC weights overpenalize home mortgages, which have an average credit loss of 13 basis points, relative to commercial and consumer loans. The RBC rules also contain a significant bias agains 2. Pricing Derivatives on Financial Securities Subject to Credit Risk [5.058%] Jarrow, Robert A & Turnbull, Stuart MDownloadable (with restrictions)! Author(s): Jarrow, Robert A & Turnbull, Stuart M. 1995 Abstract: This article provides a new methodology for pricing and hedging derivative securities involving credit risk. Two types of credit risks are considered. The first is where the asset underlying the derivative security may default. The second is where the writer of the derivative security may default. The authors apply the foreign currency analogy of R. Jarrow and S. Turnbull (1991) to decompose the dollar payoff from a risky security into a certain payoff and a 'spot exchange rate.' Arbitrage-free valuation techniques are then employed. This methodology can be applied to corporate debt and over the counter derivatives, such as swaps and caps. Copyright 1995 by American Finance Association. 3. The nature of credit risk in project finance [5.057%] Marco SorgeDownloadable ! Author(s): Marco Sorge. 2004 Abstract: In project finance, credit risk tends to be relatively high at project inception and to diminish over the life of the project. Hence, longer-maturity loans would be cheaper than shorter-term credits. 4. Valuation of Credit Risk in Agricultural Mortgages [5.056%] Sherrick, Bruce J & Barry, Peter J & Ellinger, Paul N2000 Downloadable (with restrictions)! A credit-risk valuation model is developed and empirically implemented to estimate the cost of loss distributions across a broad set of loan-level and pool-level characteristics is used to assess insuring against credit risks in pools of agricultural mortgage loans. Probabilistic information about insurance valuation and solvency likelihood. The effects on the value of credit-risk insurance of pool size, deductibles, timing alterations, premium loadings, adverse loan selection, and changing underwriting standards are also estimated. Results indicate that actuarial insurance costs are initially highly sensitive and then become relatively insensitive as pool size increases. Copyright 2000 by American Agricultural Economics Association 5. Could Regional and Cantonal Banks Reduce Credit Risk through National Diversification? [5.055%] Bertrand Rime2007 Downloadable! This paper evaluates the reduction of credit risk that can be achieved in Switzerland by a national diversification of bank lending. Using a credit risk model based on corporate default rates, I find that the risk of a nationally diversified loan portfolio is up to 20% smaller than the sum of the risks of regional portfolios. From a financial stability perspective, this substantial risk diversification potential should motivate particular scrutiny on the more than hundred Swiss banks staying on the regional business model. 6. The Credit Risk Transfer Market and Stability Implications for U.K. Financial Institutions [5.052%] Li L. Ong & Jorge A. Chan-LauDownloadable ! Author(s): Li L. Ong & Jorge A. Chan-Lau. 2006 Abstract: The increasing ability to trade credit risk in financial markets has facilitated its dispersion across the financial and other sectors. However, specific risks attached to credit risk transfer (CRT) instruments in a market with still-limited liquidity means that its rapid expansion may actually pose problems for financial sector stability in the event of a major negative shock to credit markets. This paper attempts to quantify the exposure of major U.K. financial groups to credit 。
4.急求国贸专业论文英文参考文献,我的题目是：我国对外贸易现状及研
感觉相关的就行吧，这是我今天刚交老师的 Solidarity trade The current fair trade movement was shaped in Europe in the 1960s. Fair trade during that period was often seen as a political gesture against neo-imperialism: radical student movements began targeting multinational corporations and concerns that traditional business models were fundamentally flawed started to emerge. The slogan at the time, “Trade not Aid”, gained international recognition in 1968 when it was adopted by the UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) to put the emphasis on the establishment of fair trade relations with the developing world. The year 1965 saw the creation of the first Alternative Trading Organization (ATO): that year, British NGO Oxfam launched "Helping-by-Selling", a program which sold imported handicrafts in Oxfam stores in the UK and from mail-order catalogues. In 1969, the first Worldshop opened its doors in the Netherlands. The initiative aimed at bringing the principles of fair trade to the retail sector by selling almost exclusively goods produced under fair trade terms in “underdeveloped regions”. The first shop was run by volunteers and was so successful that dozens of similar shops soon went into business in the Benelux countries, Germany, and in other Western European countries.Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, important segments of the fair trade movement worked to find markets for products from countries that were excluded from the mainstream trading channels for political reasons. Thousands of volunteers sold coffee from Angola and Nicaragua in Worldshops, in the back of churches, from their homes, and from stands in public places, using the products as a vehicle to deliver their message: give disadvantaged producers in developing countries a fair chance on the world's market, and support their self-determined sustainable development. The alternative trade movement blossomed, if not in sales, then at least in terms of dozens of ATOs being established on both sides of the Atlantic, of scores of Worldshops being set up, and of well-organized actions and campaigns attacking exploitation and foreign domination, and promoting the ideals of Nelson Mandela, Julius Nyerere, and the Nicaraguan Sandinistas: the right to independence and self-determination, to equitable access to the world's markets and consumers.团结贸易 现今公平贸易运动形塑于1960年代的欧洲，公平贸易于这时期通常被视为一种反抗新帝国主义的政治姿态，基进的学生运动开始关注跨国公司，并出现了一种认为传统商业模式基本上是有缺陷的共识，那时的口号“贸易，而非援助”（Trade not Aid），被1968年所召开的联合国贸易及发展会议（United Nations Conference on Trade and Development，简称UNCTAD）所采用，并得到国际认同，会议中强调与发展中世界建立公平的贸易关系。
1965年诞生了第一个另类贸易组织（Alternative Trading Organization，简称ATD）：那年，英国的非政府组织乐施会（Oxfam）发起了”以销售来帮忙”（Helping-by-Selling）的活动，一个以邮购及在乐施会商店销售进口手工艺品的计划。1969年，第一个“世界商店”在荷兰开张，这个开创性的构想，是以销售符合公平贸易规则的“发展中区域”的产品，将公平贸易的法则带入零售部门，第一个商店由志工营运，非常成功，之后数十个类似的商店开始在比利时、荷兰、卢森堡及德国等其他西欧国家开始营业。
在1960和1970年代，公平贸易运动里很重要的部份是，为那些因为政治因素而被排斥于主流贸易管道的国家，协助他们的产品寻找市场。数千名志工在教会后面和世界商店销售来自安哥拉及尼加拉瓜的咖啡豆，以这些产品从家里和公共场所的摊位传达一个讯息：给那些来自发展中国家的弱势生产者一个公平的机会，就是支持他们自主的永续发展。
另类贸易活动的盛行，若不从贸易量来说，至少以在数量上，有数十个另类贸易组织（ATO）在大西洋两岸成立，同时随着世界商店的扩张，有许多计划性的行动与专案，抨击国际间的剥削与支配的现象，宣扬著曼德拉、朱利叶斯•尼雷尔及尼加拉瓜桑定政权的理念：自主及独立的权利，与接触全球市场及消费者的公平管道。
5.求一篇与国际贸易相关的英文文章
国际贸易International trade is the exchange of capital, goods and services across international boundaries or territories.[1] In most countries, it represents a significant share of GDP. While international trade has been present throughout much of history (see Silk Road, Amber Road), its economic, social, and political importance has been on the rise in recent centuries. Industrialization, advanced transportation, globalization, multinational corporations, and outsourcing are all having a major impact on the international trade system. Increasing international trade is crucial to the continuance of globalization. International trade is a major source of economic revenue for any nation that is considered a world power. Without international trade, nations would be limited to the goods and services produced within their own borders.International trade is in principle not different from domestic trade as the motivation and the behavior of parties involved in a trade does not change fundamentally depending on whether trade is across a border or not. The main difference is that international trade is typically more costly than domestic trade. The reason is that a border typically imposes additional costs such as tariffs, time costs due to border delays and costs associated with country differences such as language, the legal system or a different culture.Another difference between domestic and international trade is that factors of production such as capital and labor are typically more mobile within a country than across countries. Thus international trade is mostly restricted to trade in goods and services, and only to a lesser extent to trade in capital, labor or other factors of production. Then trade in good and services can serve as a substitute for trade in factors of production. Instead of importing the factor of production a country can import goods that make intensive use of the factor of production and are thus embodying the respective factor. An example is the import of labor-intensive goods by the United States from China. Instead of importing Chinese labor the United States is importing goods from China that were produced with Chinese labor.International trade is also a branch of economics, which, together with international finance, forms the larger branch of international economics.Models Several different models have been proposed to predict patterns of trade and to analyze the effects of trade policies such as tariffs.[edit] Ricardian model Main article: Ricardian model The Ricardian model focuses on comparative advantage and is perhaps the most important concept in international trade theory. In a Ricardian model, countries specialize in producing what they produce best. Unlike other models, the Ricardian framework predicts that countries will fully specialize instead of producing a broad array of goods. Also, the Ricardian model does not directly consider factor endowments, such as the relative amounts of labor and capital within a country.[edit] Heckscher-Ohlin model Main article: Heckscher-Ohlin model The Heckscher-Ohlin model was produced as an alternative to the Ricardian model of basic comparative advantage. Despite its greater complexity it did not prove much more accurate in its predictions. However from a theoretical point of view it did provide an elegant solution by incorporating the neoclassical price mechanism into international trade theory.The theory argues that the pattern of international trade is determined by differences in factor endowments. It predicts that countries will export those goods that make intensive use of locally abundant factors and will import goods that make intensive use of factors that are locally scarce. Empirical problems with the H-O model, known as the Leontief paradox, were exposed in empirical tests by Wassily Leontief who found that the United States tended to export labor intensive goods despite having a capital abundance.[edit] Specific factors model In this model, labour mobility between industries is possible while capital is immobile between industries in the short-run. Thus, this model can be interpreted as a 'short run' version of the Heckscher-Ohlin model. The specific factors name refers to the given that in the short-run specific factors of production, such as physical capital, are not easily transferable between industries. The theory suggests that if there is an increase in the price of a good, the owners of the factor of production specific to that good will profit in real terms. Additionally, owners of opposing specific factors of production (i.e. labour and capital) are likely to have opposing agendas when lobbying for controls over 。
6.帮翻译一篇国际贸易论文中文摘要,谢谢
Now, the most important thing in the world economy is economic cooperation, regional economic integration is becoming more and more important, hair speed show more and more quickly, the European Community, the north American free trade area regional economic integration is the best example. Regional economy has become the world's most major common economic growth trend, to the inevitable process of economic globalization is to the regional economic, but also a development trend.China and asean countries, is the world's two major economies, in a large proportion in international trade. In 2010, China - asean free trade area, consisting of a free trade area between them, will become the second only to the European Community, the north American free trade area after the world's third international free trade area. This is the important measure of mutual exchanges between China and asean. Since China's accession to the WTO after the first big move, will promote the foreign trade between China and asean, for all the two economies to promote each other. Position of the guangxi is located at the junction of China and the association of south-east Asian nations (asean). Have such a good conditions, guangxi should play a geographical advantage, grasp the opportunity of the china-asean free trade zone, China - asean free trade area of the important status and role, better and faster development of guangxi economy.This article embarks from the China - asean free trade area, China - asean free trade area and economic development of guangxi as the research object, using the method of literature review and induction analysis study, first introduces the background of the establishment of china-asean free trade zone, guangxi in the role and status of the china-asean free trade area. In these conditions, the use of export total GDP in guangxi, guangxi, guangxi asean total import and export, this paper studies the relationship between the three analysis of mutual relations between and among, imports and exports accounted for the relationship, to make sure of the china-asean free trade area of economic effect, especially, the guangxi economic development better.Finally, the article to the economic and trade development of china-asean free trade area of guangxi Suggestions: 1, guangxi should vigorously develop foreign trade, good at using various countries guangxi macro policies, location advantage, resource advantage, transportation advantages. Second, adjust the industrial structure. To strengthen cooperation with asean countries. Third, should develop the economy of scale, focus on developing enterprise of certain advantage. Four, guangxi work to improve the investment environment, the introduction of the association of south-east Asian nations (asean) to foreign investment.。
7.求一篇有关国际贸易的英文版论文
Investment liberalization and international trade
Abstract
This paper estimates the cross-price elasticity of exports with respect to investment costs for bilateral relations between 36 countries. We show that the effect of reducing foreign direct investment costs on exports depends on country characteristics and trade costs as predicted by the [Markusen, 1997 and Markusen, 2002] model. When countries differ in relative factor endowments and trade costs are low, investment liberalization stimulates exports, whereas when countries are similar in terms of relative factor endowments and size, and trade costs are moderate to high, investment liberalization reduces exports.
Author Keywords: Exports; Foreign direct investment; International trade; Investment costs; Investment liberalization
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是一个PDF，你看看摘要，觉得可以我传你.
还有很多，反正就是关于international trade..
8.有朋友可以提供一篇专业的国际贸易的英文论文吗
International Trade and Globalization In today's world there are many issues in need of reformation, one of which is international trade, otherwise known as globalization. Although there are a great deal of rules, regulations, and policies imposed on international trade, the manner in which those rules have been enforced is a major controversy that seems to be escalating day by day. At the center of the controversy is the World Trade Organization (WTO). The WTO was established in 1995 in order to transform the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) into an enforceable global commercial code. Critics of the WTO say that instead of being run democratically and in the interest of member countries, it has become the enforcer of corporate managed trade. A system whose ethics are not in favor of the public interest, instead the focus has shifted to large corporations and making money. Profit is the motivating factor behind decisions made by the WTO. By looking at international trade from the rational perspective, the WTO has not only failed to protect consumers, workers, and the environment, it has also acquired a number of opponents and protestors. Recent issues concerning the WTO include President Clinton's signing of a bill, which grants permanent normal trade relations to China and virtually guarantees them membership into the WTO. Not concerned with China's communist regime that abuses its workers, supporters of the bill call it a "major victory for U.S. companies like Microsoft Corp. and Boeing Co., which hoped the deal would result in billions of dollars in new sales in the Chinese marketplace" (abcnews.go.com/wire/world/reuters). Once again they are demonstrating that the pursuit of wealth is it's number one goal and ignoring massive protests launched by American labor unions who argue that the pact could cost hundreds of thousands of American jobs due to an increase in Chinese imports and companies who may decide to relocate factories to China, where cheap labor can be utilized. Another prominent issue concerning the WTO is organically produced foods, which have become a highly demanded product in the last few years. Countries take part in distributing and manufacturing foods because it has led to an increased amount of trade (increasing exports and minimizing imports). The parties that have benefited most from organically produced foods are farmers and agricultural businesses in other countries. But a negative impact would be increased competition among businesses. This represents a rational point of view. Competitors are only concerned with their own wealth and distinction. The company and its well-being is their self interest. Their primary goal is success. Businesses expect other businesses, along with the customers, to show obedience. Companies, individuals and countries alike all view the perspective of the rational dimension. The economy as a whole is rational. Groups such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) are using their hierarchy of power to benefit themselves. The WTO has enforced it's own laws on the opening of trade barriers. They made the decision that it's legal to import bovine somatotropin meat (organically produced meat) from the USA. As stated by Tom Wheeler in "The World is Not for Sale", a Panel of the WTO ultimately decides what's good for both the countries and the consumers of these produced foods. This provides no opportunity to consult or anyone's right to appeal. (passion towards nature. Bove states that the danger of these genetically altered materials will have long-term lasting effects on the environment. As managers, we should distinguish the rational perspective from the emotional perspective and incorporate them both into a positive solution to the conflict. It is important for us to achieve a balance between the monetary and humanitarian interests in this issue. Because rational views heavily outweigh emotional views wherever the WTO is involved, incorporating some compassion and surrender is the only way we can correct this unbalanced system. In order to minimize our opportunity costs, we must shift a bit away from wealth and distinction and towards cooperation and happiness. As 。
9.求国际贸易论文英文翻译,身上唯一仅有的10分了,路过的好汉帮帮忙
Title: Oppotunities and Challenges of Late 1980's Latin American Export-oriented Economic Reform Abstract: Affected by the 1980's debt crisis, the import substitution model of Latin American countries is no longer useful. Latin American countries restructed to export-oriented economy. Latin American countries enjoyed abundant natural resources and their geographic advantages, but the political instability, inequality, education technological backwardness, lack of funds and the fierce competition on the world market, making the export-oriented economic reform in Latin America lots of difficulties. Keywords: Latin American, debt crisis, export-oriented, technological, education, East Asia。
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