1.求工程管理方面或工程方面的英文文献!!!! 搜狗问问
Article 1 Definitions In the Contract (as hereinafter defined) the following words and expressions shall have the meanings hereby assigned to them, except where the context otherwise requires: 1.1 "mployer" means the person named as such in this contract and the legal successors in title to such person, but not (except with the consent of the Contractor) any assignee of such person. 1.2 "Contractor" means the person whose tender has been accepted by the Employer and the legal successors in title to such person but not (except with the consent of the Employer) any assignee of such person. 1.3 "Subcontractor" means any person named in the Contract as a Subcontractor for a part of the Works or any person to whom a part of the Works has been subcontracted with the consent of the Engineer and the legal successors in title to such person, but not any assignee of any such person. 1.4 "Engineer" means the person appointed by the Employer to act as Engineer for the purposes of the Contract and named as such in this Contract. 1.5 "Engineer" Representative means a person appointed from time to time by the Engineer under Clause 9.2. 1.6 "Contract" means this Contract, the Specification, the Drawings, the Bill of Quantities, the Tender, the Letter of Acceptance, the Contract Agreement (if completed) and such further documents as may be expressly incorporated in the Letter of Acceptance or the Contract Agreement (if completed). 1.7 "Specification" means the specification of the Works included in the Contract and modification thereof or addition thereto made under Clause 95 or submitted by the Contractor and approved by the Engineer. 1.8 "Drawings" means all drawings, calculations and technical information of a like nature provided by the Engineer to the Contractor under the Contract and all drawings, calculations, samples, patterns, models, operation and maintenance manuals and other technical information of a like nature submitted by the Contractor and approved by the Engineer. 1.9 "Bill of Quantities" means the priced and completed bill of quantities forming of the Tender. 1.10 "Tender" means the Contractor's priced offer to the Employ for the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of any defects therein in accordance with the provisions of the Contract, as accepted by the Letter of Acceptance. 1.11 "Letter of Acceptanc" means the formal acceptance by the Employer of the Tender. 1.12 "Contract Agreement" means the contract agreement (if any) referred to in Clause 26. 1.13 "Appendix to Tender" means the contract agreement (if any) referred to in Clause 16. 1.14 "Commencement Date" means the date upon which the Contractor receives the including plant in notice to commence issued by the Engineer pursuant to Clause 74. 1.15 "Time for Completion" means the time for completing the execution of and passing the Tests on Completion of the Works or any Section or part thereof as stated in the Contract calculated from the Commencement Date. 1.16 "Tests on Completion" means the tests specified in the Contract or otherwise agreed by the Engineer and the Contractor which are to be made by the Contractor before the Works or any Section or part thereof are taken over by the Employer. 1.17 "Taking-Over Certificate" means a certificate issued pursuant to Clause 81. 1.18 "Contract Price" means the sum stated in the Letter of Acceptance as payable to the Contractor for the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of any defects therein accordance with the provisions of the Contract. 1.19 "Retention Money" means the aggregate of all mommies retained by the Employer pursuant to Clause 92.2 (a). 1.20 "Works" means the Permanent Works and the Temporary Works or either of them as appropriate. 1.21 "Permanent Works" means the permanent works to the executed concluding plant in accordance with the contract. 1.22 "Temporary works" means all temporary works of every kind (other than Contractor's Equipment) required in or about the execution and completion of the Works and remedying of any defects therein. 1.23 "Plant" means machinery, apparatus and the like intended to form or forming part of the Permanent Works. 1.24 "Contractor Equipment" means all appliances and things of whatsoever nature (other than Temporary Works) required for the execution and completion of the Works and the remedyingof any defects therein, but dose not include Plant, materials or other things intended to form or 。
2.跪求工程管理专业外文文献+翻译好的资料,急用!
目录Unit1Text High-Rise BuildingsReadig Material The Skyscraper Unit2Text Civil Engineering and the Civil Engineer Reading Material The Capabilities and Careers of Civil EngineersUnit3 Text Design Reading Manterial Safety in Design Unit4 Text FoundationsReading Material The Function of FoundationsUnit5Txet Reinforced ConcreteReading Material Conveying, Placing, Compacting and Curing of ConcreteUnit6Text Tall Building Structure Reading Material The Davelopment of High-Rise Buildings Unit7Test Characteristics of Real EstateReading Material Marketing Real EstateUnit8Test Efficient Organization of FirmsReading Material Civil Engineering ContractsUnit9Text Basic Concepts of Construdtion Project ManagementReading Material The Project Life CycleUnit10Text Loal Classification Reading Material Construction ContractorsUnit11Text Construction PlanningReading Material Construction-cost ContralUnit12Text Quality Contral and Quality AssuranceReading Material Organizing for Quality and SafetyUnit 13Text Bidding,Bid Opening and Award of ContractReading Material Competitve BiddingUnit14Text Urban SenseReading Material A Theory of Landscape Aesthetic Plans of Furniture ArrangementReading Material Green Buildings Unit16Text What a Buildings IsReading Material Structural ReliabilityUnit17Text Making Architectural JudgementsReading Material Criteria FOR Evaluating Proposed The Two Paradinms of ZoningReading Material Evaluation Methods in Urban and Regional Planning Unit19Text Foundamentals of CADReading Material Architects and InternetUnit20Text Scientific PaperReading Material How to Write a Scientific Paper。
3.谁有建筑
英文文献搜索的步骤如下: ①:确定中文关键词:中国+区域经济 ②:然后去cnki翻译助手( ?si=1 New Developments in Project Management A model of information management for construction usinginformation technology。
4.关于工程质量管理的英文文献,要2009年的,标明出处
参考文献 [1] Hussain Z, Hussain N, Barber K. An Intranet based system as an enabler in effective project management and implementation of quality standards: A case study[J]. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 2009,26(3):196-210. [2] Hussain Z, Barber K, Hussain N. An Intranet based system as an enabler in effective project management and implementation of quality standards: A case study[J]. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 2009,26(3):196. [3] Anonymous. ASC TELECOM: ASC Wins Largest Call Center Project in Europe; ASC signs framework contract with Deutsche Telekom; 33 call centers with more than 10,000 agents will be equipped with ASCs quality management software, INSPIRATIONpro[N]. [4] ASC Wins Largest Call Center Project in Europe; ASC signs framework contract with Deutsche Telekom; 33 call centers with more than 10,000 agents will be equipped with ASCA's quality management software, INSPIRATIONpro[N]. [5] Brünnler T, Mandraka F, Wrede C E, et al. Beobachtungen zur ?rztlichen übergabe auf der Intensivstation – ein Qualit?tsmanagementprojekt Medical shift change in an ICU – A quality management project[J]. Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin, 2009,46(3):151-157. [6] Contract Awards: Quality Scotland Wins Multiple Awardees Contract for Project Management Consultancy Services[N]. [7] DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR ISSUES GRANTS NOTICE TO HAVE COST EFFECTIVE, LOCAL-LEVEL COST SHARE PROGRAM WITH NON-FEDERAL PARTNERS TO IMPLEMENT CONSERVATION, OTHER PUBLIC LAND MANAGEMENT PROJECTS FOR THE GOOD OF THE GENERAL PUBLIC AND PUBLIC RESOURCES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, RECREATION, FISH, WILDLIFE, SPECIAL STATUS PLANTS, WATER QUALITY, CULTURAL SITES, HISTORICAL TRAILS[N]. [8] DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR ISSUES GRANTS NOTICE TO IMPLEMENT CONSERVATION, OTHER PUBLIC LAND MANAGEMENT PROJECTS FOR GOOD OF GENERAL PUBLIC, PUBLIC RESOURCES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, RECREATION, FISH, WILDLIFE, SPECIAL STATUS PLANTS, WATER QUALITY, CULTURAL SITES, HISTORICAL TRAILS[N]. [9] FIRST FACILITATING AGRICULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS PROJECT TO HELP IMPROVE WATER QUALITY IN WITHLACOOCHEE RIVER[N]. [10] Harte-Hanks Trillium Software and Syncsort combine Data Quality with Data Management; Alliance helps customers reduce project costs while providing high-speed transformation and aggregation[N]. [11] Sims N. Natalie Sims: Project Manager, Health Care Safety and Quality Unit, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare Junior Vice-President, HIMAA Board of Directors[J]. Health Information Management Journal, 2009,38(1):67-68. [12] Anonymous. Northern Ireland Water is close to completing the Pounds 120m Belfast Sewers Project. It is a major stormwater management scheme aimed at improving water quality in the Lagan and Blackwater rivers, while reducing the flooding risk in Belfast, as well as upgrading the sewer network to EU standards: 1[N]. [13] Notice of Availability of Biotechnology Quality Management System Pilot Project Draft Audit Standard[Z]. Federal Information & News Dispatch, Inc, 2009: 74, 42644. [14] MLOUKA S K B. Project Management and Total Quality Management : Complementary or confused?[J]. Essachess : Journal for Communication Studies, 2009,2(3):81-91. [15] Project management of complex and embedded systems; ensuring product integrity and program quality.(Brief article)(Book review)[M]//Book News, Inc, 2009. [16] Anonymous. Sajan Releases New Version of Market-leading Translation Management System, GCMS(TM): GCMS 5.0 aimed at improving the quality and speed of enterprise localization projects[N]. [17] Odesina V O. Sickle cell pain management in the emergency department: A two phase quality improvement project[D]. ProQuest, UMI Dissertations Publishing, 2009. [18] Catarino M F L, Alves D C D S, de Jesus Pereira A M, et al. Software projects' most important activities of quality management: A Delphi study[J]. Communications of the IBIMA, 2009,11(7):60-66. [19] SOUTH FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENTDISTRICT MOVES FORWARD WITH PROJECT TO ENHANCE EVERGLADES WATER QUALITY[N]. [20] Systems Analysis and Design: Techniques, Methodologies, Approaches, and Architectures[M]. M.E. Sharpe, Inc, 2009. [21] Mehmood Z 和 S S. Teaching Quality 。
5.项目成本管理 中英文 论文摘要
项目成本管理----------------------------------------------------------------------------------7.2成本估计 成本估计涉及计算完成项目所需各资源成本的近似值。
当一个项目按合同进行时,应区分成本估计和定价这两不同意义的词。成本估计涉及的是对可能数量结果的估计--执行组织为提供产品或服务的化费是多少。
而定价是一个商业决策--执行组织为它提供的产品或服务索取多少费用,而成本估计只是定价要考虑的因素之一。 成本估计包括确认和考虑各种不同的成本替代议程。
例如,在许多应用领域,在设计阶段增加额外工作量可减少生产阶段的成本。成本估计过程必须考虑增加的设计工作所多化的成本能否被以后的节省所抵消。
7.2.1成本过程输入 1.WBS结构 WBS结构图见节5.3.3.1,结构图可用于成本估计以及确保所有工作均一一被估计成本了。 2.资源需求 资源需求见节7.1.3.1。
3.资源单价 做成本估计的个人和小组必须知道每种资料单价(例如:每小时人员费用,单位体积材料价格)以计算项目成本。如果实际单价不知道,那么必须要估计单价本身。
4.活动时间估计 活动时间估计(见节6.3)会影响项目成本估计,项目预算中包括财务费用(例如由利息引起的财务费用)。 5.历史资料 许多有关资源成本的信息可从以下一些来源获得: -- 项目档案--项目的一个或数个组织可能保留有先前项目的一些记录,这些记录相当详尽可用以成本估计。
在一些应用领域,个别小组成员也许保留这样的纪录。 -- 商业性的成本估计数据库--历史数据经常可从市场买得到。
-- 项目团队知识--项目团队的个别成员也许记得先前的实际数或估计数,这样的信息资料也是有用的,但可靠性通常比档案结果要低得多。 6.会计科目表 会计科目表是一个组织机构在总帐系统中使用的用于报告该组织财务状况的一套代码。
在项目成本估计中,应把不同成本对应到不同科目上。 7.2.2成本估计的工具和方法 1.类比估计 类比估计是用先前类似项目的实际数据作为估计现在项目的基础。
这种估计法适用于早期的成本估计,因为此时有关项目仅有少量消息可供利用。类比估计是专家判断的一种形式(见节7.1.2.1)类比估计是化费较少的一种方法,但精确性也较差。
以下情况下类比估计是可靠的:(a)先前的项目不仅在表面上且在实质上和当前项目是类同的(b)作估计的个人或小组具有必要经验。 2.参数建模 参数建模是把项目的些特征作为参数,通过建立一个数学模型预测项目成本。
模型可简单(居民住房成本是以每平方尺的居住面积的成本作为参数)也可复杂(软件研制的模型涉及13个独立参数因子,每个因子有5~7子因子)。参数建模的成本和可靠性各不相同,参数建模法在下列情况下是可靠的: (a) 用来建模的历史数据是精确的 (b) 用来建模的参数容易定量化 (c) 模型对大型项目适用,也对小型项目适用。
3.累加估计 该技巧涉及单个工作的逐个估计,然后累加得到项目成本的总计。累加估计的成本和精度取决于单个工作的大小:工作划得小,则成本增加,精确性也增加。
项目管理队伍必须在精确性和成本间做权衡。 4.计算工具 有一些项目管理软件被广泛利用于成本控制。
这些软件可简化上述几种方法,便于对许多成本方案的迅速考虑。 7.2.3 成本估计的结果 1.成本估计 成本估计是项目各活动所需资源的成本的定量估算,这些估算可以简略或详细形式表示。
对项目所需的所有资源的成本均需加以估计,这包括(但不局限于)劳力、材料和其它内容(如考虑通货膨胀或成本余地) 成本通常以现金单位表达(如元,法朗,美元等),以便进行项目内外的比较,也可用人*天或人*小时这样的单位(除非这样做要混淆项目成本,例不能区分具有不同成本的资源)。为便于成本的管理控制,有时成本估计要用复合单位。
成本估计是一个不断优化的过程。随着项目的进展和相关详细资料的不断出现,应该对原有成本估计做相应的修正,在有些应用项目中提出了何时应修正成本估计,估计应达什么样精确度。
例如:AACE已经确认在工程建筑成本估计的五个精度等级:数量化、粗略估计、初步估计、精确估计和成本控制。 2.详细说明 成本估计的详细说明应该包括: -- 工作范围的描述 这通常可由参考WBS获得。
-- 对估计的基础作确认,即确认估计是合理的,说明估计是怎样作出的。 -- 确认为成本估计所作的任何假设的合理性 -- 可能结果用一个范围表示。
例如 $10000±$1000表示:估计成本在$9000和$11000之间。不同应用领域细节的总量和种类也不同。
留下甚至是粗糙的注释也常被证明是有价值的因为它能提供如何估算成本的一个较好的说明。 3.成本管理计划 成本管理计划描述当实际成本与计划成本发生差异时如何进行管理(差异程度不同则管理力度也不同)。
一个成本管理计划可以是高度详细或粗框架的;可以是正规的也可非正规的;这些取决于与项目相关人员的需要。项目管理计划是整个项目计划的一个辅助部分(在节4.1.3.1讨论)。
7.3 成本预算 成本预算是把估算的总成本分配到各个工作细目,建立基准成本以衡量项目执行情况。 7.3.1 成本预算的输入 1. 成本估计 成本估计见节7.2。
6.精密注射模设计有哪些要点
1. 塑件尺寸精度与模具尺寸精度的关联
根据塑件图考虑模具设计、模具制作和塑件成型过程。首先从塑件图面尺寸求得模具图面尺寸,然后按模具图面尺寸制作模具,得到模具实际尺寸,再由模具得到成型塑件。但问题是如何保证塑件实际尺寸在图面所要求尺寸公差内。
2.适当的收缩率
即使同一树脂收缩率也会因成型条件不同而不同,精密成型要求收缩率变化小,预计收缩率和实际收缩率尽可能无差异。当前收缩率的确定主要是通过整理以往类似塑件的实际收缩率来推定,也有用实验模求实际收缩率,再经修正,设计制作生产模。但完全恰当地推定收缩率几乎是不可能的,不可避免地要在试模后修正模具。为便于模具修正,在设计模具凹部尺寸时应将收缩率取小值,设计凸部尺寸时将收缩率取小值,设计凸部尺寸时将收缩率取大值-----来源:模具技术大全网:()
7.求一篇 关于建筑的 英文文献 5000字左右 带中文翻译的最好~ 要有文献
Hello.My english skills is very normal but on a very stable level. Learning english is not as hard as learning chinese. You first have to learn the alphabet, the vowels and the consonants. Then starting from the most simple words to the most difficult. Beware of words that have the same sound, the same meaning or the same spelling. Past, present and future tense. Prefixes and suffixes. Punctuation, abbreviations and more。
8.大学论文的格式怎么写
一、博士、硕士学位论文应包含以下项目内容 1、论文封面 2、论文封面的英文翻译 3、学位论文原创性声明、授权使用声明 4、学位论文答辩委员会成员名单 5、论文摘要及关键词 6、论文目录 7、论文正文 8、附录 9、参考文献 10、后记 11、论文书脊 以上1到10项请按顺序装订成论文。
二、论文各部分的要求 1、论文封面 封面包含的内容: (1)“XXXX届研究生硕(博)士学位论文”(同等学力申请学位者为:“XXXX年度同等学力申请硕(博)士学位论文”,专业学位者为:“XXXX年度专业硕士学位论文”; (2)学号(同等学力无); (3)学校代码(10269); (4)学校名称(华东师范大学); (5)院系名称(正式); (6)学位论文题目; (6)专业(二级学科名称)*; (7)研究方向; (8)研究生(同等学力为申请人)姓名; (9)指导教师(姓名、职称); (10)完成年月 *注:应按国家公布的研究生专业目录和我校经国务院学位办同意自主设置的专业的规范名称填写。 专业学位写正式名称:教育硕士、公共管理硕士、工程硕士,并可以加括号注明方向,如:教育硕士(语文),工程硕士(软件领域)。
论文封面用硬树纹纸制作。博士论文封面的颜色为深色,硕士论文的颜色为浅色。
2、论文封面的英语翻译 格式要求和封面要求相同。 3、学位论文原创性声明、授权使用声明 (1)学位论文原创性声明 本声明由论文作者亲笔签名。
声明内容: 学位论文独创性声明 本人所呈交的学位论文是我在导师的指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。据我所知,除文中已经注明引用的内容外,本论文不包含其他个人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。
对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体,均已在文中作了明确说明并表示谢意。 作者签名:___________________ 日期:___________________ (2)授权使用声明 本声明由论文作者、导师亲笔签名。
声明内容: 本人完全了解华东师范大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,学校有权保留学位论文并向国家主管部门或其指定机构送交论文的电子版和纸质版。 有权将学位论文用于非赢利目的的少量复制并允许论文进入学校图书馆被查阅。
有权将学位论文的内容编入有关数据库进行检索。有权将学位论文的标题和摘要汇编出版。
保密的学位论文在解密后适用本规定。 日期:___________________ 日期:___________________ 学位论文作者签名:___________________ 导师签名:___________________ 这两个声明放置于一页上。
4、答辩委员会成员名单 以表格形式列出答辩委员会成员的姓名、单位、职称,并注明答辩委员会主席。 5、论文摘要及关键词 论文摘要分中文摘要和外文摘要。
关键词也分中外文,置于摘要下方。中外文摘要及关键词分置两页。
6、论文目录 论文目录页排版只排到二级标题,即章和节,必须标明页码。 论文目录含论文正文章节、附录、参考文献、后记等。
7、论文正文 论文统一按word格式A4纸(“页面设置”按word默认值)编排、打印、制作。正文内容字体为宋体;字号为小4号;字符间距为标准;行距为20磅。
硕士学位论文一般采用篇末注,博士学位论文一般采用章末注。 如所在学科有特殊需要,也可适当采用脚注。
引文要注明所引文字的页码。 论文正文部分必须有本论文课题的中外学术界的研究状况、研究史和文献综述。
文科专业硕士论文一般不少于3万字;博士论文一般不少于10万字。理科、工科根据各专业实际情况确定。
8、附录 附录是正文主体的补充。下列内容可以作为附录。
(1)由于篇幅过大,或取材于复制件不便编入正文的材料、数据。 (2)对本专业同行有参考价值,但对一般读者不必阅读的材料。
(3)论文中使用的符号意义、单位缩写、程序全文及有关说明书。 (4)附件:计算机程序清单、软磁盘、鉴定证书、获奖奖状或专利证书的复印件等。
(5)攻读学位期间发表的(含已录用,并有录用通知书的)与学位论文相关的学术论文。 9、参考文献 (1)作者在正文中引用的文献要在此罗列出来,以一定的标准按序号排列。
(2)参考文献要列出文献编、著、撰、译者等文献责任者的姓名,出版地点,出版机构,出版时间,报刊还需列出年份、卷、期或版次。 (3)博士学位论文参考文献不得少于50篇(本),硕士学位论文参考文献不得少于30篇(本)。
(4)引用的文献必须有外文文献(不含中文译本),外语专业必须有本专业语种以外的外文文献。 。
10、后记 后记主要叙述与学位论文写作工作有关的其他内容。包括致谢等。
字体应和论文正文有所区别,篇幅以一页纸为限。后记可以不写。
11、论文书脊须写明论文题目、作者姓名、“华东师范大学”及学位申请年份的字样。 论文须用线装或热胶装订,不能使用钉子装订。