众文网1.求10000字左右的,与经济相关的英文论文或文献,有中文翻译的更好
INTO THE STORMFOR much of the past year the fast-growing economies of the emerging world watched the Western financial hurricane from afar. Their own banks held few of the mortgage-based assets that undid the rich world's financial firms. Commodity exporters were thriving, thanks to high prices for raw materials. China's economic juggernaut powered on. And, from Budapest to Brasília, an abundance of credit fuelled domestic demand. Even as talk mounted of the rich world suffering its worst financial collapse since the Depression, emerging economies seemed a long way from the centre of the storm.过去一年的大部分时间里，高速发展的新兴国家一直在远处观望着西方国家的金融风暴。
他们的银行仅持有少量抵押资产，而类似的资产已经破坏了发达国家的金融公司。商品出口商因为原材料的高价格而日渐富有。
中国不可抗拒的经济力量已然开启，而且信贷刺激的内需从布达佩斯到巴西利亚都表现得非常充足。尽管大萧条后关于西方国家受难于金融崩塌的话题与日俱增，但新兴国家似乎距离金融风暴的中心还有一段距离。
No longer. As foreign capital has fled and confidence evaporated, the emerging world's stockmarkets have plunged (in some cases losing half their value) and currencies tumbled. The seizure in the credit market caused havoc, as foreign banks abruptly stopped lending and stepped back from even the most basic banking services, including trade credits.不过目前的情况不再是那样了，随着境外资本的流失和经济信心的消失，新兴国家股市暴跌（有些地区已经腰斩），本币迅速贬值。由于外国银行突然中断贷款，并且收缩了包括贸易信贷在内的基础银行服务，新兴国家的信贷市场突发混乱，并引发了一场浩劫。
Like their rich-world counterparts, governments are battling to limit the damage (see article). That is easiest for those with large foreign-exchange reserves. Russia is spending $220 billion to shore up its financial services industry. South Korea has guaranteed $100 billion of its banks' debt. Less well-endowed countries are asking for help. Hungary has secured a EURO5 billion ($6.6 billion) lifeline from the European Central Bank and is negotiating a loan from the IMF, as is Ukraine. Close to a dozen countries are talking to the fund about financial help.新兴国家的政府和发达国家的政府一样都在为控制损失程度而奋斗。不过对于外汇储备充足的国家来说难度会小一些：俄罗斯斥资2200亿美元重振金融服务行业；韩国政府担保了1000亿美元的银行债务。
而那些储备并不充足的国家正在四处求援：匈牙利成功向欧洲央行求得了50亿欧元（约66亿美元）的生命线，同时也在同国际货币基金组织协商借款事宜，同时向国际货币基金组织求援的还有乌克兰。近一打儿的国家在向基金组织求助。
Those with long-standing problems are being driven to desperate measures. Argentina is nationalising its private pension funds, seemingly to stave off default (see article). But even stalwarts are looking weaker. Figures released this week showed that China's growth slowed to 9% in the year to the third quarter-still a rapid pace but a lot slower than the double-digit rates of recent years.有持续问题的国家正棋行险招：阿根廷正在将私人养老金国有化，意图阻止违约的发生。即使强有力的国家也表现出虚弱一面：本周公布的数字表明今年中国的增长率在第三季度减缓为9%，虽然增速还算快，但是与近些年的两位数增率相比缓慢了不少。
Blowing cold on credit对信贷没兴趣The various emerging economies are in different states of readiness, but the cumulative impact of all this will be enormous. Most obviously, how these countries fare will determine whether the world economy faces a mild recession or something nastier. Emerging economies accounted for around three-quarters of global growth over the past 18 months. But their economic fate will also have political consequences.众多新兴经济的意愿并不相同，但是累计在一起的影响力却非同一般。最明显的就是这些国家的表现将会决定世界经济所面临的是一个较为缓和的衰退还是更可怕的情况。
在过去18个月的全球经济增长中，新兴经济贡献了75%。但是他们的经济命运也会有一些政治后果。
In many places-eastern Europe is one example (see article)-financial turmoil is hitting weak governments. But even strong regimes could suffer. Some experts think that China needs growth of 7% a year to contain social unrest. More generally, the coming strife will shape the debate about the integration of the world economy. Unlike many previous emerging-market crises, today's mess spread from the rich world, largely thanks to increasingly integrated capital markets. If emerging economies collapse-either into a currency crisis or a sharp recession-there will be yet 。
2.求一篇2000字左右的与有关经济学的英文论文,最好是与企业核心竞争
企业核心竞争力，本来就是体现在特定的能力上。
而这种能力本身又可以视为多种能力的聚合，因而是完全可以分解的。企业核心竞争力，从其具体体现形式分析，可大体分解为十个内容。
我们姑且称之为十大竞争力。 （1）决策竞争力。
这种竞争力，是企业辨别发展陷阱和市场机会，对环境变化作出及时有效反应的能力。不具有这一竞争力，核心竞争力也就成了一具腐尸。
决策竞争力与企业决策力是一种同一关系。决策频频失误的企业，肯定没有决策竞争力。
没有决策竞争力的企业，也就是企业决策力薄弱。 （2）组织竞争力。
企业市场竞争，最终得通过企业组织来实施。也只有当保证企业组织目标的实现必须完成的事务工作，事事有人做，并且知道做好的标准时，才能保证由决策竞争力所形成的优势不落空。
并且，企业决策力和执行力也必须以它为基础的。没有强有力的组织明确而恰当地界定企业组织成员相互之间的关系，保障决策力和执行力的活动，没有恰当的人承担并完成，企业的决策力和执行力从何而来？ （3）员工竞争力。
企业组织的大小事务，必须有人来承担。也只有当员工的能力充分强，做好工作的意愿充分高，并且具有耐心和牺牲精神时，才能保证事事都做到位。
否则，企业的决策力和执行力也就成了无源之水的空话。保障企业决策力和执行力的活动要有效率和效益，也就是保证活动的主体——员工具备与之相适应的能力、意愿、耐心和牺牲精神。
（4）流程竞争力。 流程就是企业组织各个机构和岗位角色个人做事方式的总和。
它直接制约着企业组织运行的效率和效益。企业组织各个机构和岗位角色个人做事方式，没有效率和效益，企业组织的运行，也就不会有效率和效益。
如果一个企业组织的做事方式没有效率，也就企业组织运行没有效率和效益，这直接是企业没有执行力。 （5）文化竞争力。
文化竞争力就是由共同的价值观念、共同的思维方式和共同的行事方式构成的一种整合力，它直接起着协调企业组织的运行，整合其内、外部资源的作用。蒙牛的二十五个法则，之所以能够成为蒙牛的核心竞争力，其原因就在于这二十五个法则都变成了蒙牛人的共同的价值观念、共同的思维方式和共同的行为准则。
因而企业的决策力和执行力也都必然直接受制于它。共同的价值观念、共同的思维方式和共同的行事方式，不统一，并且腐朽落后，决策就不免频频不失误，工作就不免效率低下。
（6）品牌竞争力。 品牌需要以质量为基础，但仅有质量却不能构成品牌。
它是强势企业文化在社会公众心目中的折射体现。因而它也直接构成企业整合内、外部资源的一种能力。
没有品牌竞争力，企业组织内部和外部都不认同企业的做事方式和行事结果，企业也就谈不上有什么竞争力，更谈不上有核心竞争力。品牌一旦形成，又直接是一种资源。
因而它是构成企业支持力的一个重要内容。 （7）渠道竞争力。
企业要赚钱、赢利、发展，就必须有充分多的客户接受他的产品和服务。如果没有宽阔有效的渠道，沟通企业与客户之间的关系，企业与客户隔离，也就必然会惨败无疑。
因而，渠道直接是一种资源，渠道竞争力也就直接构成企业支持力的一个内容。 （8）价格竞争力。
便宜是客户寻求的八大价值之一，没有不关注价格的客户。在质量和品牌影响力同等的情况下，价格优势就是竞争力。
没有价格优势，最终都会被消费者淘汰。因而这一竞争力也就直接构成企业支持力的一个内容。
（9）伙伴竞争力。 人类社会发展到今天，万事不求人地包打天下的日子，已成为过去，要为客户提供全面超值的服务和价值满足，也就必须建立广泛的战略联盟。
如果一个企业失去了合作伙伴的支持，也就无法适应客户价值满足集中化的要求，也就必然在残酷的市场竞争中处于不利地位。因而，它的增强，也就直接是企业支持力和和执行力的提升。
（10）创新竞争力。 一招先，吃遍天，这是市场竞争中的不二法门。
要一招先就必须有不断的创新。谁能不断地创造出这一招先来，谁就能在这市场竞争中立于不败之地。
所以，它既是企业支持力的一个重要内容，又是企业执行力的一个重要内容。 这十大竞争力，作为一个整体，就体现为企业核心竞争力。
从整合企业资源的能力的角度进行分析，这十个方面的竞争力，任何一个方面的缺乏或者降低，又都会直接导致这种能力的下降，即企业核心竞争力的降低。但这十种竞争力又各自相对独立。
任何一个企业，拥有了这其中任何一种竞争力，也都是市场竞争一个制高点的占领。
3.速求一篇经济管理类的英语论文
Macroeconomics is a sub-field of economics that examines the behavior of the economy as a whole, once all of the individual economic decisions of companies and industries have been summed. Economy-wide phenomena considered by macroeconomics include Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and how it is affected by changes in unemployment, national income, rate of growth, and price levels. In contrast, microeconomics is the study of the economic behaviour and decision-making of individual consumers, firms, and industries. Macroeconomics can be used to analyze how to influence government policy goals such as economic growth, price stability, full employment and the attainment of a sustainable balance of payments. Macroeconomics is sometimes used to refer to a general approach to economic reasoning, which includes long term strategies and rational expectations in aggregate behavior. Until the 1930s most economic analysis did not separate out individual economics behavior from aggregate behavior. With the Great Depression of the 1930s, suffered throughout the developed world at the time, and the development of the concept of national income and product statistics, the field of macroeconomics began to expand. Particularly influential were the ideas of John Maynard Keynes, who formulated theories to try to explain the Great Depression. Before that time, comprehensive national accounts, as we know them today, did not exist . One of the challenges of economics has been a struggle to reconcile macroeconomic and microeconomic models. Starting in the 1950s, macroeconomists developed micro-based models of macroeconomic behavior (such as the consumption function). Dutch economist Jan Tinbergen developed the first comprehensive national macroeconomic model, which he first built for the Netherlands and later applied to the United States and the United Kingdom after World War II. The first global macroeconomic model, Wharton Econometric Forecasting Associates LINK project, was initiated by Lawrence Klein and was mentioned in his citation for the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 1980. Theorists such as Robert Lucas Jr suggested (in the 1970s) that at least some traditional Keynesian (after British economist John Maynard Keynes) macroeconomic models were questionable as they were not derived from assumptions about individual behavior, although it was not clear whether the failures were in microeconomic assumptions or in macroeconomic models. However, New Keynesian macroeconomics has generally presented microeconomic models to shore up their macroeconomic theorizing, and some Keynesians have contested the idea that microeconomic foundations are essential, if the model is analytically useful. An analogy might be that the fact that quantum phisics is not fully consistent with relativity theory doesn´t mean that realtivity is false. Many important microeconomic assumptions have never been proved, and some have proved wrong. The various schools of thought are not always in direct competition with one another - even though they sometimes reach differing conclusions. Macroeconomics is an ever evolving area of research. The goal of economic research is not to be "right," but rather to be accurate. It is likely that none of the current schools of economic thought perfectly capture the workings of the economy. They do, however, each contribute a small piece of the overall puzzle. As one learns more about each school of thought, it is possible to combine aspects of each in order to reach an informed synthesis. The traditional distinction is between two different approaches to economics: Keynesian economics, focusing on demand; and supply-side (or neo-classical) economics, focusing on supply. Neither view is typically endorsed to the complete exclusion of the other, but most schools do tend clearly to emphasize one or the other as a theoretical foundation. • Keynesian economics focuses on aggregate demand to explain levels of unemployment and the business cycle. That is, business cycle fluctuations should be reduced through fiscal policy (the government spends more or less depending on the situation) and monetary policy. Early Keynesian macroeconomics was "activist," calling for regular use of policy to stabilize the capitalist economy, while some Keynesians called for the use of incomes policies. • Supply-side economics delineates quite clearly the roles of monetary policy and fiscal policy. The focus for monetary policy should be purely on the price of money as determined by the 。
4.急求英文摘要翻译（经济类论文）
At present, enterprises in the economic life of the credit problem is a very prominent problem, and lose the trust accounts in arrears default, making the economic interests of many enterprises have been violated, some enterprises would rather give up a large number of orders, and cash transactions. This phenomenon not only increase transaction costs for firms, but also hinder the development of enterprises. Credit management issues that affect the key to the competitiveness of enterprises is the core of the modern enterprise content management. Good credit is a valuable asset. Therefore, strengthening the credit awareness in the community, and timely implementation of credit management, has important practical significance. China's accession to the WTO, it means that the Chinese companies into the ranks of international competition, there is not a sound and effective credit management system, enterprises will be the lack of sufficient competition in the market, and will lose the ability to guard against credit risk, and ultimately the market will be relentless elimination。
5.急
The foreign exchange reserves of China rise up sharply in recent years. Meanwhile, beyond Japan, China has become the country which holds the most foreign exchange reserves in 2006. Up to the end of March in 2009, the scale of reserves has reached to 1953.741 billion dollars. Because of such a large scale of foreign exchange reserves and Chinese currency structure based on US dollar, Chinese foreign exchange reserves lost a lot when the subprime crisis appeared in the United States. The problem that portfolio and risk control of foreign exchange reserves caused widespread concern again in China. Particularly, as the reason that China has the world largest scale which has already surpasses the moderate level of foreign exchange reserves, how to solve the problem of investment portfolio and the risk control of foreign exchange reserves appear extremely important.This article comes from the actual situation of the Chinese foreign exchange reserves. In the views of US dollar, Japanese Yen, EURO and Pound, by using the Eviews and the SAS software, we build up the economic model and apply the model of property theory to carry on the two times programming mathematical model. By using the Eviews software, we can obtain the minimum proportion of forecast value of each currency. And then by using the SAS software, we can quantify the anticipated returns ratio and risk degree of foreign exchange reserves and finally get the three different optimal portfolios.By combining the theoretical analysis with the demonstration research, cooperating the economic software with the specialized statistical software, inosculating the latest monthly data and quantification data, this article has become innovative and has a great practical value. It also has a great affect on the income and risk management of the foreign exchange reserves. Finally, under the situation of financial crisis, this article provides some suggestions for the portfolio and risk control of foreign exchange reserves.。
6.急求一篇关于经济的1500字商务英语论文（要英文的）
Humans in the 21st century, the electronic age also makes synchronous communication possible. In international business communication, the speaker can master the language communication, is achieving the desired objectives. Business writing is essential to the communication channels, this way of communication through the process of writing communication of tone problems are analysed thoroughly, so as to improve the business cooperation.A, introductionHumans in the 21st century, economic globalization, international business activities more frequent intercourse, business communication has entered a new stage of development, more and more people show the trend of internationalization, the working environment is more and more diversified. The electronic age also makes synchronous communication, English as possible throughout the world common language in business, one in speech communication plays a compelling communication effect. In international business communication, the speaker can master the language communication, is achieving the desired objectives. In the process of communication, also can use business writing. Business writing is necessary in a communication channel by way of communication, business writing, you can ask others to pass accuracy, business information and good business writing is a kind of business etiquette, can give people leave a good impression.Second, the influence factors of tone1 words and construct sentences. First, sincere words to the communication or business life, sincere cooperation is the most important thing is the most basic, due to our partners to read every day, so the commercial electronic mail file should be concise wording, if use too much words one or two words can mean, obviously makes writing content and vague, drag will waste the time more readers. Regardless of such as in time at were now better, rather than the event is better. If. To use common words, avoid uncommon or spelling words. A word can express, don't use phrases. Use short sentences, because more easy to understand. With less ", "" and", "will", "" these make sentences nowadays become tedious conjunction. In the letter, don't use the same meanings of words. More than Because many use simple little can be more direct simple message and try to persuade the reader, and save time. Example is better than with which now. Avoid using the mean ambiguous words or phrases, the expression that readers will definitely affect misunderstanding, business communication. Therefore, business writing email should be specific, structure clear wording, content clearly. Moreover nowadays women in business, the role of not less than men, more and more women, especially the feminist movement to contain the words very sensitive sex discrimination. Avoid using business email has sex discrimination of communication, this words for both. The chairperson alternative chairman, etc. Finally, people often complain when used in anger or negative words or phrases, the expression of readers, often including criticism or blame, then against business communication. Business letters should adopt positive affirmation of the meaning of the words, avoid using negative expression. Even want to criticize each other, also should not be shown on the wording, should adopt positive tone and indirect or other language, in order to better acceptance. Because business communication purpose is not to blame each other, criticism or not intentionally let them feel guilty, the real purpose is to provide information or other beneficial to take action, to solve the problem.2 the language style. General language styles mainly from natural and whether formal whether such two angles appraisal. Martin Joos according to the degree of formal language use forward five variants: the grave style (half style), The formal style (formal style), The consultative style style (with), Casual style (the casual style), Close the style (intimate style). Business language is a formal language, however, with the increasing trade between business contacts with the trade relations between each other, to strengthen the understanding and communication, due to personal attachment, the trend into the content of electronic business English language style, the liberalization of tend to use language and concise. On one hand, electronic business English should save those polite words, excess leads directly to the consultation, the main theme is to be short and concise, easy reading. On the other hand, electronic data exchange and cable etc, the use of language and sho。
7.经贸英语专业毕业论文怎么选题
提供一些经贸英语专业的毕业论文的题目，供参考。
1、外贸业务报价的策略分析
2、浅析答复买家的第一次询盘原则和方法
3、论外贸函电的语言特点
4、简析拟写进出口合同
5、商业英文书信所使用的词语分类浅析
6、不同交货条件下的风险及防范措施
7、应对进出口贸易中的索赔
8、浅析国际贸易中银行所起的作用
9、评析出口贸易中保险公司的作用
10、区域经济一体化对我国经济的影响
11、电子商务的发展对我国国际贸易的影响
12、加入WTO以后对我国保险业的影响
13、结合我国国有企业改革，谈谈管理层收购（MBO）
14、全球经济一体化趋势下我国的政策选择
15、绿色贸易壁垒对我国国际贸易的影响
16、加入WTO以后对我国银行体制改革的影响
17、出口导向战略与进口替代战略的政策选择
18、加入WTO以后对我国汽车工业的影响19、针对技术性贸易壁垒，我国的现实选择
8.急需英语专业毕业论文 题目 对外商务的经济意义 （The economic
To pay tax is the duty of every person. With the improvement of tax revenue system and the strengthening of the consciousness of tax payers, more and more astute taxpayers begin to design their taxes to protect their own benefits. Tax design runs through the entire management and operation process of an enterprise, which ranges from purchases, sales, daily operations to exports of goods. Tax design in finance management can reduce the tax burden and accelerate the pace of maximizing financial interests for the enterprise. This article analyzes and discusses enterprise tax design both in theory and in practice.
Firstly , the present situation of domestic and foreign researches on tax design theory is summed up. Basic concepts and characteristics of tax design, the purpose of it to the enterprise and the principles should be followed make the basic foundations of the article.
Secondly, it focuses in every detail of the production activities in enterprises. It discusses the substantial applications in goods purchases and sales, rents, funds procurements, expense assignments and so on. In regard to the deepening global integration of the world economics, this article also probes into the application of tax design in product exports process.
Finally, this article analyzes every possible risk which can be encountered in tax design practices and the impact of all these risks to the survival and development of the enterprise. Further, it provides methods to avoid these risks, so that the enterprise group can avoid bad occasions and tend towards favorable conditions and tax design can play an active role.