众文网1.数控技术英文文献,谁有啊
NC technology development trends1 NC system developments at home and abroad With the rapid development of computer technology, the traditional beginning of a fundamental change manufacturing, the industrial developed countries spent huge sums of money on the modern manufacturing technology research and development, to create a new model. In modern manufacturing systems, CNC technology is the key to technology, which combines microelectronics, computers, information processing, automatic detection, automatic control, such as the integration of advanced, a high-precision, high-efficiency, flexible automation, and other characteristics, the manufacturing industry Flexible automation, integrated, intelligent play the pivotal role. At present, NC technology is undergoing a fundamental change, from a special closed-loop control mode to general-purpose real-time dynamic open all closed-loop control mode. In the integrated on the basis of the CNC systems ultra-thin, ultra-light; on the basis of the intelligent, integrated computers, multimedia, fuzzy control, neural network and other technical disciplines, NC system to achieve high-speed, high-precision, Efficient control, automatic processing can be amended to regulate compensation and the parameters for an online intelligent fault diagnosis and treatment of the network based on the CAD / CAM and CNC systems integration as one machine network, makes the central government centralized control of the group control processing. For a long time, China''s CNC system for traditional closed architecture, but only as a non-intelligent CNC machine controller. Process variables based on experience in the form of pre-fixed parameters, processing procedures before the actual processing by hand or through CAD / CAM and automatic programming system prepared. CAD / CAM and CNC have no feedback control link, the entire manufacturing process CNC is a closed ring-opening implementing agencies. In a complex and changing environment under the conditions of processing tool in the process of composition, workpiece material, spindle speed, feed rate, tool path, cutting depth, step, allowance and other processing parameters, not at the scene circumstances under external interference and real-time dynamic random factors, not by random amendment feedback control link CAD / CAM settings volume, in turn, affect the work of CNC machining efficiency and product quality. Clearly, the traditional fixed CNC system that controlled mode and closed architecture, limiting the CNC to the development of more intelligent control variables, can no longer meet the increasingly complex manufacturing process, therefore, the CNC technology in the potential for change inevitable.。
2.毕业论文外文文献
Articles on Tax Resistance, Including: Whiskey Rebellion, Free Trade Zone, Starve the Beast, Tax Avoidance and Tax Evasion, Institute for Fiscal Studi
Articles on International Business, Including: Free Trade, Bilderberg Group, Special Economic Zone, Multinational Corporation, Netherlands Institute
Free Trade Zone Factory Supervisors
Economy of Panama: Puebla-Panama Plan, International Rankings of Panama, Colon Free Trade Zone, Panamanian Balboa
Articles on Special Economic Zones, Including: Special Economic Zone, Free Trade Zone, Xiamen Special Economic Zone, Pudong, Xiangshan County, Guangdo
3.关于基于单片机的数控电源的外文文献
A switching power source having a digital control system is provided. The switching power source includes a switching circuit 40 for switching an input power, an output circuit 50 for converting the switching output into a DC output, and a digital control 70. The digital control 70 is adapted to receive an output voltage analog signal AS1 and an output current analog signal AS2, and to convert the signals AS1 and AS2 into digital signals. It further functions to calculate, based on the digital signals, a command value for determining at least one of the switching frequency and the on or off time of the main switch 42. The operation of the main switch 42 is controlled in accordance with the command value. Information on power source input voltage or load terminal voltage is obtained through an assumption based on the signals AS1 and AS2.
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A controlled stabilized high-voltage power supply for a photomultiplier tube
A small-size stabilized high-voltage power supply for a photomultiplier tube with remote digital and analog regulation of the output voltage is designed. The output voltage is smoothly regulated from 0.5 to 3 kV, the load current is 0–2 mA, and the ripple factor is 0.008%. The supply voltage is 12–16 V.
4.毕业论文外文文献翻译
去百度文库，查看完整内容> 内容来自用户：秦园园 毕业设计说明书英文文献及中文翻译班级：学号：姓名：学院：软件学院专业：指导教师：2014年6月英文文献出自《IBM System Journal,2006,44(2):33-37》作者：Malcolm DavisStruts——An Open-source MVC ImplementationThis article introduces Struts, a Model-View-Controller implementation that uses servlets and JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology. Struts can help you control change in your Web project and promote specialization. Even if you never implement a system with Struts, you may get some ideas for your future servlets and JSP page in grade school put HTML pages on the Internet. However, there is a monumental difference between a grade school page and a professionally developed Web site. The page designer (or HTML developer) must understand colors, the customer, product flow, page layout, browser compatibility, image creation, JavaScript, and more. Putting a great looking site together takes a lot of work, and most Java developers are more interested in creating a great looking object interface than a user interface. JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology provides the glue between the page designer and the Java developer.If you have work。
5.求毕业论文的英文文献
如需全文，请发邮箱过来Electronic trading platforms and the cost-effective distribution of open market option (OMO) pension annuities AbstractOver the next years, the ageing profile of the UK population will lead to a sharp increase in the volumes of pension annuity sales. Every individual that participates in a defined contribution occupational or a personal pension scheme is obliged to convert the capital accumulated into a regular post-retirement income by purchasing an annuity before the age of 75. To ensure a more competitive market the UK Financial Services Authority has ruled that from 1 September 2002 pensioners must be informed that they have the right to purchase their annuities from suppliers other than their current pension provider—this is termed exercising an open market option (OMO).However, the complicated nature of pensions and annuities means the purchase of an annuity is highly dependent upon the information provided by the sellers of these products and the advice received. Given that OMO's are supposed to encourage purchasers to be able to access information on a whole range of annuities from the various suppliers in the market, a single web-based hub that linked manufacturers, distributors and existing industry portals seemed the obvious solution to the challenges facing the industry following the government legislation. However, while the industry recognised that a single product purchasing and servicing system would meet the data management needs of all its stakeholders and carry enormous potential to realise cost and business process efficiencies, the competitive nature of the industry and the slow decision making processes within the individual companies has meant that the project to build 'The Annuity Exchange' has suffered a number of setbacks and delays.This article describes the business case for 'The Annuity Exchange', its objectives and design, and the technical/industry engagement issues it has faced.Keywords: E-commerce; Financial services; Pension annuitiesArticle Outline1. Introduction2. Background: the UK pensions system and the regulatory structure of advice2.1. Recent trends in the UK pensions system2.2. The changing structure of advice3. Previous information management strategies and their shortcomings4. An industry-wide dynamic quotations model4.1. Access to the intermediary portal4.2. Costs and benefits of The Annuity Exchange4.3. Issues with The Annuity Exchange project5. 。
6.毕业论文中的外文文献怎么写啊,我做的是访客通安全管理系统
14.4.2 外文文献各类外文文献的文后参考文献格式与中文示例相同；为了计算机检索方便，建议题名的首字母及各个实词的首字母大写，期刊的刊名等可用全称或按ISO 4规定的缩写格式。
为了减少外文刊名引用不规范所造成的引文统计及链接误差，建议以（SXXXX-XXXX）格式在刊名后加ISSN号。例：[24]JONES R M.Mechanics of Composite Materials[M].New York:McGraw Hill Book Company,1975.[25]Marcel Merle.Sociologie des Relations Internationales[M]. 4th ed. Paris: Dalloz,1988.[26]CHERNIK B E. Introduction to Library Services for Library Technicians[M]. Littleton,Colo.:Libraries Unlimited,Inc,1982.[27]International Federation of Library Association and Institutions.Names of Persons:National Usages for Entry in Catalogues[M]. 3rd ed.London:IFLA International Office for UBC,1977ر[28]Klaus Hildbrand.Das Drite Reich[M].Müchen:Bund-Verlag GmbH,1979.[29]Григорян С В.Рудничная Геохимия[M].Москва： Недра，1992。
7.我们毕业论文要附上一篇外文文献
摘 要：从19世纪中叶函授教育在英国诞生开始，及至今日，远程教育已成为教育界最具活力的领域之一。
在其发展过程中，远程教育研究起到了引导和促进的作用：本文从远程教育与远程教育研究的概念出发，提出远程教育研究可划分为两种基本范式：即理论研究与实践研究，并着重论述了远程教育的理论研究范式。关键词：远程教育；远程教育研究；范式远程教育的诞生是工业社会技术应用的结果，蒸汽机和铁路的发明极大地扩展了人们活动的地理空间。
为了让异地的学生能继续学习，教师自然地想到把学习材料（书籍和教材）通过邮政系统由铁路运输传递到学生手中，这便是最早的远程教育形式──函授教育。从此，每一次新技术在教育媒体和教育传播领域中的应用就产生出一种新型的远程教育形式，从基于印刷、录音录像媒体和无线电广播技术的广播电视教育，到基于印刷、模拟视音频及数字化媒体和计算机网络、卫星传输和通信技术的网络教育，再到基于新型移动数字化教育媒体和移动通信网络技术的移动教育，莫不如此。
远程教育在教学媒体和技术环境两个方面都表现出愈益丰富、愈加复杂的特点，这种丰富性和复杂性使得远程教育具有了较高的学术研究价值。知识经济社会的来临凸显学习的重要性和远程教育无穷的市场潜力，一大批企业被吸引介入远程教育研究领域，由此带来了远程教育的跨越式发展和远程教育研究的繁荣。
一、远程教育与远程教育研究关于远程教育的定义，许多著名的远程教育专家都曾以自己的方式表述过，其中最有影响并被广泛认可的是远程教育学家德斯蒙德？基更的远程教育的五项特征描述的定义（基更，1996）。这一定义概括了远程教育的下列特征。
──准永久性分离教师与学生、学生与其他学生在时间、空间和社会文化心理上的分离是远程教育最突出的特征。在教与学过程中，师生处于物理空间相对分离同时通过信息传递又相互联系的状态；教与学过程是以特定的技术环境、教育资源和教育媒体为基础的。
分离并不是完全永久性的，也就是说远程教育中并不完全排斥面对面交流。──媒体与技术的作用媒体与技术是远程教育中又一个重要特征。
远程教育的本质是实现跨越时间、空间和社会文化心理的教学活动，在这一过程中，媒体与技术是关键因素，是远程教育赖以存在的基础。──双向通信教学活动的本质是教育信息在教师与学生、学生与学生之间的传递，远程教育也是如此。
因此，通信是远程教育教学活动的基础。传统课堂教学中的双向通信机制和多向通信机制是面对面的，而远程教学中的双向通信机制主要是非面对面的，是基于一定的通信技术和网络技术基础之上的。
另外，远程教育在实践中呈现如下一些基本趋势：教师的角色将逐渐淡化，教师更多地以教育资源的形式或学习帮促者的身份出现；出于教学或社会交往需要而组织的基于传统面对面方式，或现代电子方式的集体会议交流活动将增多；从强调媒体与技术的作用转向注重以技术为基础的教育环境建构和教育资源的建设与利用，这种术语的转变体现了学习音中心理论、建构主义、系统科学和后现代主义等现代教育理念、复杂性科学和哲学思想在远程教育中的渗透；远程教育中不可或缺的重要角色是实施远程教育的组织机构，远程教育中的远程学习具有系统性、严肃性与社会确认性的特点，而一般远程学习则不具有这些特点；教育信息传递的通信机制多样化，单向通信、双向通信、多向通信并存，同步传输与异步传输共现。在综合现有各种关于”远程教育”的定义、远程教育的现状以及未来远程教育发展趋势的基础上，本文给出“远程教育”的一个全新定义：从狭义上来看，远程教育是指由特定的教育组织机构，综合应用一定社会时期的技术，收集、开发、设计、制作和利用各种教育资源、建构教育环境，并基于一定社会时期的技术、教育资源和教育环境为学生提供教育服务，以及出于教学和社会化的目的进而为学生组织一些集体会议交流活动（以传统面对面方式或者以现代电子方式进行），以帮助和促进学生远程学习为目的的所有实践活动的总称。
在所有活动中，教师是以教育资源的形式或学习帮促者的身份与学生保持着一种准永久性分离的状态；而学生与教育组织机构（教师）或学生与学生之间将通过建立双向或多向通信机制保持即时会话。从广义上来看，远程教育是指在上述实践活动过程中所涉及的组织机构、技术、资源、人员与实践活动等构成的整个系统。
从发展的观点看，远程教育是与一定社会时期的技术紧密联系的，远程教育发展的历史也就是人类社会技术发展的历史。从本体论的角度看，远程教育是一种复杂的实践活动（狭义）及一个综合的复杂性系统（广义）。
从认识论的角度看，认识和研究这种复杂的实践活动或综合的复杂性系统的过程就是远程教育研究，研究所形成的关于实践活动或复杂性系统的完整理论体系就是远程教育学科。而如何研究、认知和理解这种实践活动或复杂性系统，则属于远程教育研究的方法论的范畴。
这一定义是综合我国及世界各国远程教育的现状并结合未来远程教育的发展趋势加以归纳与表述的，。
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