众文网1.求够大学英语毕业论文
A Contrastive Study of Courtesy Language in English and Chinese英汉礼貌用语对比研究 IContentsAbstract in ChineseAbstract in EnglishChapter I Introduction………………………………………………………………1Chapter II A Review of Literature on Courtesy Language Studies……………….22.1 Definitions of Politeness in English and Chinese………………………………22.2 Indirect Speech Acts Theory and Courtesy Language……………………….…32.3 Cooperative Principle and Courtesy Language…………………………………3Chapter III Cultural Influences on Courtesy Language…………………….……63.1 Two Different Cultures………………………………………………………….63.1.1 Confucianism…………………………………………………………….63.1.2 Christianity……………………………………………………………….73.2 Politeness Principle:Chinese vs English……………………………………..83.2.1 Politeness Principle of Chinese………………………………………….83.2.2 Politeness Principle of English……………………………………….103.3 Age Value:Chinese vs English……………………………………………123.4 Face Theory:English vs Chinese………………………………………….123.4.1 Face Theory in English………………………………………………..133.4.2 Face Theory in Chinese………………………………………………….13Chapter IV A Contrastive Study of Courtesy Language in Chinese and English………………………………………………………………………………………..154.1 Terms of Address…………………………………………………………….154.1.1 Kinship Terms…………………………………………………….…..154.1.2 Non-kinship terms……………………………………………………….174.2 Greetings……………………………………………………………………..194.2.1 Purposes of Greetings……………………………………………………..194.2.2 Contents of Greetings……………………………………………….…..204.2.3 Forms of Greetings………………………………………………………..214.3 Congratulations………………………………………………………………224.4 Appreciations and Apologies…………………………………………………..23Chapter V Mutual Influences of Courtesy Language between the Two LanguagesII………………………………………………………………………………………..245.1 Influence of English Courtesy Language on Chinese………………………..245.2 Influence of Chinese Courtesy Language on English………………………..24Chapter VI Pragmatic Failure in Courtesy Language……………………………….25Chapter VII Conclusion…………………………………………………………………..28Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………………30III英汉礼貌用语对比研究年级：2003研究生：卜晓阳导师：李冬梅副教授何瑞镛教授学科专业：英语语言文学研究方向：特殊用途英语摘要本文主要从文化角度对英汉礼貌用语进行对比研究。
近年来由于对外交流的不断发展，人们对于外语知识的渴求也在不断地增长。但是如果人们不了解英汉两种语言的异同--特别在礼貌用语方面，在交际中可能会出现一些误解，影响具有两种语言背景人们之间的交流，也影响语言学习者对语言的掌握。
礼貌是一种社会现象，它普遍存在于各国语言中，但由于文化价值差异和语用习惯的不同，人们对礼貌的理解、处理和运用方式各不相同。在跨文化交际中，我们应该注意到不同文化的内涵，否则容易引起交际中的语用失误。
中国文化和英美文化被视为东西方文化的代表。中国文化深受儒家思想的影响，强调人的社会性、集体精神，强化社会、集体对人的约束。
而英美社会中，人们推崇的是个人主义，讲究个人拥有不受他人干扰的权利和自由，个人利益神圣不可侵犯。语言是文化的一部分，受到文化的影响，是文化的一面镜子。
因此礼貌用语作为语言的一部分与文化也是密不可分的。英汉文化不同，英汉语言的礼貌原则也存在差异。
汉语礼貌原则的最大特点是"自卑尊人"，通过贬低自己表示对别人的礼貌；英语礼貌原则被概括为六对"尽量多，尽量少"。英语礼貌原则与汉语礼貌原则的最大差异是它没有称呼准则。
西方人受基督教的影响，追求平等自由，因此他们不象中国人在称呼上如此讲究身份和地位的差异。这些特点在双方的礼貌用语里都得到了充分的体现。
礼貌用语主要通过以下几种形式出现，称谓语，问候语，祝福语，感谢语，道歉语等。受不同文化的影响，英汉礼貌用语在上述的形式中也存在差异。
英汉称谓语的最大差异在于汉语称谓语丰富而复杂，而英语称谓语简单而粗疏；汉语把亲属称谓泛化到了亲属关系之外的范围，而在英语中却没有这种现象。英美人交谈忌讳涉及年龄、收入、婚姻、信仰等。
2.硕士研究生的论文怎么写
博士、硕士研究生学位论文书写格式 （一）纸张要求：学位论文一律用A4纸打印。
（二）论文内容要求及排列顺序 1、封面 按照学校统一规定的学位论文格式打印，题目一般在20个字以内为宜，要求简明、恰当，中、外文题目应一致。封面颜色为：博士，红色；硕士：咖啡色；教育硕士：浅蓝色；两课：深蓝色；同等学力：浅黄色。
2、声明 论文扉页内容为“声明”（包括学位论文“独创性声明”和“使用授权声明”），声明须由作者本人签名，未签名者不得参加论文答辩。 3、索取号 由《中国图书馆分类法》（第四版）给出的论文分类号和论文著者号组成。
索取号应打印在封面的左上角（见封面样页）。注：索取号可在校图书馆文献资源建设部从事分类工作的馆员指导下给出。
4、目录 分章、节列出并注明每章、节的页码号，附录、附件也应列入页码号。 5、摘要 500字左右（含3-5个关键词），其内容同前言，但要更简明、精辟，可以独立使用，也可以引用和作为推广介绍。
与中文对应的英文摘要亦含关键词。 6、前言 博士：5000-8000字左右，硕士：2000—5000字左右。
应包含学位论文的主要信息，包括本领域的前沿动态、作者的研究目的、研究方法、研究成果和最终结论，其重点是作者的创新性成果和结论。 7、正文 学位论文的主体，要求文科博士学位论文一般不低于6万字，理科博士学位论文一般不低于4万字（含艺术类、体育类专业）；文科硕士学位论文一般不低于3万字，理科硕士学位论文一般不低于2万字（含艺术类、体育类专业）。
8、参考文献和注释 按文中出现的顺序列出直接引用的主要参考文献，注释可列在所在页下方，应标明引文的所在页码。具体格式为： 引文源于著作时： [序号] 作者 ，著作名，出版者， 出版年份卷（期），引文在著作中的页码。
引文源于杂志时： [序号] 作者 ，文章题目，杂志名称，发行年份和期号，引文在杂志中的页码。 引文源于论文集、丛书时： [序号]论文集或丛书主编，论文集或丛书名，出版者，出版年份，引文在论文集或丛书中的页码。
引文源于报纸时： [序号]作者，文章题目，报刊名称，发行年、月、日，版次。 9、附录 （三）博士、硕士学位论文电子版的提交： 所有学位申请人须按照图书馆的要求提交学位论文的纸质本和电子版。
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3.研究生论文摘要的英文翻译,不要翻译软件的,急
Mathematics Education in China by the examination-oriented education as a long-term effects of the classroom teacher "re-indoctrination style of teaching, light Inquiry Teaching"; re limited 穿丹扁柑壮纺憋尸铂建knowledge of the "Society" Light infinite knowledge, "will study", teachers used to let through a large number of exercises students to learn mathematics, and this is the basic feature of mathematics teaching. In fact teachers teaching should not only allow students to concepts, conclusions and skills, memory, imitation and acceptance, more importantly, through education to enable students to develop independent thinking, to find the problem, self-exploration, positive practice, appropriate reflection, etc. capacity. Therefore, teachers are teaching methods improvement and innovation, not only specific education and teaching methods, strategies, should also include whether their education and teaching of leading, motivating, etc. basic features. So, how to improve and innovate the ways teachers teach the new curriculum reform the key. In high school mathematics teaching, the function accounted for a large proportion of the content, it is a focus of high school mathematics teaching and difficult. Therefore, high school students to learn the function became hot and difficult to learn mathematics. As the function of the contents, and relatively abstract, in teaching, often lectures students will encounter when you hear it, "understand", but the answer function, but the overall feel when Problem difficulties, there was no way situation. My high school mathematics curriculum standards are also to function as the high school mathematics curriculum throughout the main line, the new function of the content of the course has undergone many changes in the content of the function has adopted a new approach. Accurately grasp the new mathematics curriculum in high school function, location, requirements, and deal with the changes in the way, for the effective implementation of the function of teaching, promoting student understanding of the nature of the function of great significance. This article aims to create from the situation, the question guided learning, self-exploration, information technology integration, and several other aspects of the teaching function of the new curriculum under study, summed up allows students to truly understand the function of thinking of teaching. Key words: convergence of information technology situational problem Guidance。
4.研究生该不该做研究写论文的英语作文
我写了一篇，不一定是你想要的
Whether the graduate student does the study and write papers or not
The numbers of graduate students are more and more appering,there are also some problems to be solved.Most importantly,people are discussing the issue whether the graduate student does the study and write papers or not.some people hold the view that they should gain more oppurtunities to tounch the higher education.However,some people think it is not neccessary for studnets to make preparations for leaving from the school.Personally,i agree the former,because doing that will make them more valuable in searching for jobs.