众文网1.英语论文开题报告怎么写
开题报告，老师一般会给模板，还要看你题目是什么。
这是我的开题报告，你参考一下吧。 课题名称 An Analysis of the Different Cultural Connotations of Color Words between English and Chinese 试析颜色词的中英文化内涵差异 课题来源 Self-Selected and Approved by the Tutor 一、课题背景及意义 （课题的立题依据及研究意义） Research Background: A language not only expresses facts, ideas, or events which represent similar world knowledge by its people, but also reflects the people's attitudes, beliefs, and world outlooks etc. People of different cultures structure the world around them differently, at least in the language they use to describe that world. Languages differ enormously from one another, and these differences are related to important differences in the customs and behaviors and other aspects of the cultures in which those language reside. In a word, language is a mirror of culture. When we learn a new word we tend to look for its meaning in the word itself. Yet in addition to its dictionary meanings, the same word may stir up different associations in people, because of cultural differences. In our daily life, color words are the common illustrations of the cultural differences in language use. In Chinese and English cultures, color words are in the same way influenced by cultures, and used widely in people's daily life. Research Significance: As the differences between Eastern and Western cultures led to the understanding of the color words are not the same . Color words contain a lot of deep meaning, implies a different ethnic feelings. If we do not take into account the impact of cultural differences, we are difficult to understand the implicit meaning of color words. The significance of this thesis is to enable a better understanding of color words, in order to enhance communication skills, avoid conflict of cultures. 二、课题研究现状及发展趋势 （课题研究领域的发展现状及可能的发展方向） Research Status: Study of color words has long attracted linguists' attention. The bright lights of the objective world and for humankind as a whole are the same, but the national language or in different books of different ages or different geographical dialects often be found to have different understanding about color words. This concentrated and fully prove that language is the result of human cognition to understand and express the objective world, different groups of people in cognitive understanding and expression of the world, due to the different natural environment, social life, cultural traditions. Study of color words in different languages between the similarities and differences. The same object can look at how the differences in cognitive terms showing similarities and differences between how the social and cultural differences and further expansion of the semantic differences, which for the cognitive linguistics, comparative linguistics and culture, linguistics, and on second language teaching of applied linguistics has an important significance.. Research Tendency: 21st century's color words study should stress the originality on research based on the achievements of the previous scholars, domestic or abroad. The study should keep track of the latest development of color words, making breakthrough, upgrading the research quality. 三、研究内容及研究目标 （对研究的内容进行说明，并阐明要达到的目标） Research Contents: A. Cultural Connotations of Black and Reflections in Idioms 1.Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms 1.1 Black Is Associated With the Solemn and the Dignified 1.2 Black Is Associated With Profit 1.3 Black Is Associated With the Black People 2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms 2.1 Black Is Associated With the Death 2.2 Black Is Associated With the Evil and Unfortunate 2.3 Black Is Associated With the Shame and Disgraceful 2.4 Black Is Associated With Anger B. Cultural Connotations of White and Reflections in Idioms 1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms 1.1 White Is Associated With the Pure and Lucky 1.2 White Is Associated With Integrity and Honesty 2. Negative Connotations and Reflections in Idioms 2.1 White Is Associated With Death and Poor 2.2 White Is Associated With Worthless and Timid C. Cultural Connotations of Red and Reflections in Idioms 1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms 1.1 Red Is Associated With Honor and Love 2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms 2.1 Red is Associated with the Obscenity 2.2 Red Is Associated With Revolution and Socialism. 2.3 Red Is Associated With Danger 。
2.英语专业论文选题,开题报告的格式是怎样的哦
英语论文开题报告范文 function and application of descriptive translation studies 1 introduction the intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of descriptive translation studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis. since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. from then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. among these schools is descriptive translation studies (dts). dts approaches translation from an empirical perspective. translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context. my attention was first directed to dts by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. the subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator's choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community. the method of dts is basically descriptive. the prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. translation phenomena are noted down. with accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. i will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis. a convenient tool has been set up to conduct dts. “norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm. the case taken in this thesis is the chinese classic the dream of red mansions. two english versions translated respectively by yang hsien-yi and david hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches. in this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, i hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of dts. 2 outline 2.1 development and major concepts of dts in this part i will describe holms' basic map of dts and the relationship between function, process and product. i will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc. 2.2 methodolgy i will in this part discuss the methodology of dts before i apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm. 2.3 dts in contrast to other theories a contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of dts from other theories such as equivalence theory and the chinese xin da ya criteria. some advantage will possibly be shown in this study. 2.4 case study in this part, translation of the dream of red mansions (also translated as the story of the stone) will be under investigation in light of dts. translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random. 2.5 conclusion based on the above elaboration of dts and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of dts in specific study of translation. suggestions on further research efforts will be made also. (note: while the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.) 0 000。
3.求一篇关于英语的研究性学习开题报告
毕业论文题目：An Analysis of Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter 1 . Aim and SignificanceNathaniel Hawthorne is a great romantic novelist in America in the nineteenth century. He is deeply influenced by Puritanism consciousness, Transcendental philosophy and mysticism. As a result, instead of giving the objective description of the world, he always gives a symbolic meaning to an objective thing to express his true understanding of the world, trying his best to discover the hidden meaning through the symbols. Therefore, if we want to deeply understand Hawthorne's writing style, it is essential for us to make a thorough research on the symbols and symbolism in his works. The Scarlet Letter is Hawthorne's masterpiece, which makes him well known around the world, and it is also one of the most remarkable works in American literature. This novel with an everlasting glamour mainly lies in Hawthorne's skillful handling of symbolism. From the title to the arrangement of the plot, then to the description of the characters and objects, the author uses only a few words to express rich meanings, which leaves us much room for imagination. The author of the paper develops a deep interest in The Scarlet Letter after having finished reading this novel. What strikes the author most is the scarlet letter “A”. It runs through the whole novel, and manifests in various forms at different time, places and scenes. Furthermore, the meaning of the scarlet letter “A” becomes richer and more complicated as the plot further develops. 2. Main Methods and Ways of Studies:The research into the symbolism in The Scarlet Letter can make readers deeply understand Hawthorne's writing style. First, by way of exploring the various symbolic meanings of the scarlet letter “A” to different characters and the changing symbolicmeanings of the scarlet letter “A” at different time, places and scenes, the thesis can help readers have a better understanding of the rich meanings of the letter “A” in the novel and the process of moral growth of the main characters. Second, the research into the symbolic meanings of the characters' names, various objects in the novel and the symbolic meanings of Pearl can make readers deeply understand Hawthorne's unique artistic writing characteristics, the profound social significance revealed by the novel and the author's writing aims. 3. Reference Books and Materials Available：刁培萼. 教育文化学[M]. 南京： 江苏教育出版社， 2000.范蔚. 新课程标准视野下的课堂教学审美化[J]. 西南师范大学学报. 2003, 3: 83~87.Brown, H. D. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2002. David,Crystal. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 1997。
4.英语论文开题报告 需要写一个论文题目（中英文）以及相关资料收集情
看看这部经典包你写的好：卡萨布兰卡 CASABLANCA
e iconic, and Casablanca has grown in popularity to the point that it now consistently ranks near the top of lists of the greatest films of all time.
5.英语专业毕业论文开题报告
Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies
1 Introduction
The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.
Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS).
DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective. Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.
6.谁能告诉我英文开题报告怎么写
下面是一篇英语论文的开题报告范文，虽然不是特别好，但也反应了开题报告的格式和写法，有一定的借鉴价值。
Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies 1 Introduction The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis. Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS). DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective. Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context. My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator's choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community. The method of DTS is basically descriptive. The prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. Translation phenomena are noted down. With accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis. A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS. “Norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. Function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm. The case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of Red Mansions. Two English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsien-yi and David Hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches. In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of DTS. 2 Outline 2.1 Development and major concepts of DTS In this part I will describe Holms' basic map of DTS and the relationship between function, process and product. I will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc. 2.2 Methodolgy I will in this part discuss the methodology of DTS before I apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm. 2.3 DTS in contrast to other theories A contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of DTS from other theories such as equivalence theory and the Chinese Xin Da Ya criteria. Some advantage will possibly be shown in this study. 2.4 Case study In this part, translation of The Dream of Red Mansions (also translated as The Story of The Stone) will be under investigation in light of DTS. Translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random. 2.5 Conclusion Based on the above elaboration of DTS and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of DTS in specific study of translation. Suggestions on further research efforts will be made also. (Note: While the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)。
7.英语毕业论文开题报告写多少字
英语毕业论文开题报告本科一般1000-2000字吧，研究生多点。字数不是关键，主要是内容，当时我写了几次都没过，还是学长给介绍的莫文网，高手就是不一般，一次性就通过了
经贸英语语篇翻译策略探析
旅游景点英语翻译中的跨文化意识探析
跨文化交际中的新闻英语翻译实践探讨
从功能角度研究商务英语翻译的原则和策略
大学英语翻译教学存在的问题及对策
浅谈科技英语翻译中的常见错误及应对技巧
论国际商务英语翻译的多元化标准
英语翻译中笔译要点分析 优先出版
大学英语翻译教学的问题与对策研究
文化视角下的旅游英语翻译
科技英语翻译的省译
商务英语翻译教学的探索与思考
国际科技交流中科技英语翻译存在的问题及技巧探析
语义翻译和交际翻译观下科技英语翻译研究
影响法律英语翻译的因素
商务英语翻译的文化适应性问题探析
国际商务英语翻译中的文化信息等值研究
构建任务型商务英语翻译课程教学的研究
旅游英语翻译与本土文化对接的思考
项目依托式EAP教学实践研究——以《科技英语翻译》教学为例
高中阶段英语翻译教学现状的调查研究
国际贸易中商务英语翻译的文化差异及应对策略
框架语义学视角下的英汉科技翻译研究
基于功能翻译理论的高职院校土木工程专业英语翻译与教学研究
中国职业男子篮球俱乐部体育英语翻译现状调查和改善对策研究
康巴藏区旅游英语翻译现状调查研究
商务英语翻译中文化意象的传递
高职英语专业英语翻译课教改初探
探讨中西文化差异对英语翻译的影响
论文化转向对商务英语翻译的启示
非英语专业硕士研究生科技英语翻译能力分析
航海英语翻译若干问题
商务英语翻译教材建构模式探微
国内英语翻译现状分析及产业化思考
从建构主义观点谈商务英语翻译教学
8.英语论文文献综述（开题报告）怎么写
"The language is the carrier of culture, in different languages, and different cultural background, each word in the literal meaning, and rich cultural connotation. Due to custom, history, thinking mode, the religious belief and other aspects of the cultural factors, chinese-english two languages give many animal words in their particular cultural connotation, the development of their respective culture reflects the cultural difference. From the linguistics and contrastive linguistics Angle to analyze the contrast of languages in the cultural connotation of animal words similarities and differences of language learning. This will help with examples from the same animal words of the same meaning, the same represent different animal words, different animal words of the same meaning, representing Chinese unique animal words meaning to discuss these four aspects of lexical meanings of Chinese animal similarities and differences of animal words. Through the cultural significance of the study, can not only reveals and avoid the pragmatic failures in different cultures, and the comparison with the import has certain theoretical and practical meaning. By comparison, people can feel more clearly in animal words in Chinese cultural history of cultural differences, thus helping people, properly intercultural communication（"语言是文化的载体，在不同语言和不同文化背景下，每个词除了具有字面意义外，还有丰富的文化内涵.由于受风俗、历史、思维方式、宗教信仰等诸方面文化因素的影响，汉英两种语言赋予许多动物词汇以各自特定的文化内涵，分别反映了各自文化发展的差异.从文化语言学和对比语言学的角度来分析对比中英两种语言中动物词的文化内涵之异同会有助于语言学习.本文结合实例从同一动物词汇代表相同的意义，同一动物词汇代表不同的意义，不同的动物词汇代表相同的意义，英汉特有的动物词涵义这四个方面来讨论英汉动物词汇涵义的相同点和不同点.通过对动物词汇文化意义的揭示和研究，不仅可以避免交际中的语用失误，而且对于不同文化的比较与导入有一定的理论和实践意义.通过比较，人们可以更清楚地感受到英汉文化在动物词语上留下的历史文化差异，从而帮助人们顺利、恰当地进行跨文化交流.）.。
9.求一篇英语论文开题报告
怎么写开题报告呢？ 首先要把在准备工作当中搜集的资料整理出来，包括课题名称、课题内容、课题的理论依据、参加人员、组织安排和分工、大概需要的时间、经费的估算等等。
第一是标题的拟定。课题在准备工作中已经确立了，所以开题报告的标题是不成问题的，把你研究的课题直接写上就行了。
比如我曾指导过一组同学对伦教的文化诸如“伦教糕”、伦教木工机械、伦教文物等进行研究，拟定的标题就是“伦教文化研究”。 第二就是内容的撰写。
开题报告的主要内容包括以下几个部分： 一、课题研究的背景。 所谓课题背景，主要指的是为什么要对这个课题进行研究，所以有的课题干脆把这一部分称为“问题的提出”，意思就是说为什么要提出这个问题，或者说提出这个课题。
比如我曾指导的一个课题“伦教文化研究”，背景说明部分里就是说在改革开放的浪潮中，伦教作为珠江三角洲一角，在经济迅速发展的同时，她的文化发展怎么样，有哪些成就，对居民有什么影响，有哪些还要改进的。当然背景所叙述的内容还有很多，既可以是社会背景，也可以是自然背景。
关键在于我们所确定的课题是什么。 二、课题研究的内容。
课题研究的内容，顾名思义，就是我们的课题要研究的是什么。比如我校黄姝老师的指导的课题“佛山新八景”，课题研究的内容就是：“以佛山新八景为重点，考察佛山历史文化沉淀的昨天、今天、明天，结合佛山经济发展的趋势，拟定开发具有新佛山、新八景、新气象的文化旅游的可行性报告及开发方案。”
三、课题研究的目的和意义。 课题研究的目的，应该叙述自己在这次研究中想要达到的境地或想要得到的结果。
比如我校叶少珍老师指导的“重走长征路”研究课题，在其研究目标一栏中就是这样叙述的： 1、通过再现长征历程，追忆红军战士的丰功伟绩，对长征概况、长征途中遇到了哪些艰难险阻、什么是长征精神，有更深刻的了解和感悟。 2、通过小组同学间的分工合作、交流、展示、解说，培养合作参与精神和自我展示能力。
3、通过本次活动，使同学的信息技术得到提高，进一步提高信息素养。 四、课题研究的方法。
在“课题研究的方法”这一部分，应该提出本课题组关于解决本课题问题的门路或者说程序等。一般来说，研究性学习的课题研究方法有：实地调查考察法（通过组织学生到所研究的处所实地调查，从而得出结论的方法）、问卷调查法（根据本课题的情况和自己要了解的内容设置一些问题，以问卷的形式向相关人员调查的方法）、人物采访法（直接向有关人员采访，以掌握第一手材料的方法）、文献法（通过查阅各类资料、图表等，分析、比较得出结论）等等。
在课题研究中，应该根据自己课题的实际情况提出相关的课题研究方法，不一定面面俱到，只要实用就行。 五、课题研究的步骤。
课题研究的步骤，当然就是说本课题准备通过哪几步程序来达到研究的目的。所以在这一部分里应该着重思考的问题就是自己的课题大概准备分几步来完成。
一般来说课题研究的基本步骤不外乎是以下几个方面：准备阶段、查阅资料阶段、实地考察阶段、问卷调查阶段、采访阶段、资料的分析整理阶段、对本课题的总结与反思阶段等。 六、课题参与人员及组织分工。
这属于对本课题研究的管理范畴，但也不可忽视。因为管理不到位，学生不能明确自己的职责，有时就会偷懒或者互相推诿，有时就会做重复劳动。
因此课题参与人员的组织分工是不可少的。最好是把所有的参与研究的学生分成几个小组，每个小组通过民主选举的方式推选出小组长，由小组长负责本小组的任务分派和落实。
然后根据本课题的情况，把相关的研究任务分割成几大部分，一个小组负责一个部分。最后由小组长组织人员汇总和整理。
七、课题的经费估算。 一个课题要开展，必然需要一些经费来启动，所以最后还应该大概地估算一下本课题所需要 的资金是多少，比如搜集资料需要多少钱，实地调查的外出经费，问卷调查的印刷和分发的费用，课题组所要占用的场地费，有些课题还需要购买一些相关的材料，结题报告等资料的印刷费等等。
所谓“大军未动，粮草先行”，没有足够的资金作后盾，课题研究势必举步维艰，捉襟见肘，甚至于半途而废。因此，课题的经费也必须在开题之初就估算好，未雨绸缪，才能真正把本课题的研究做到最好。
10.英语论文开题报告怎么写研究手段
论文一般由题名、作者、摘要、关键词、正文、参考文献和附录等部分组成，其中部分组成（例如附录）可有可无。论文各组成的排序为：题名、作者、摘要、关键词、英文题名、英文摘要、英文关键词、正文、参考文献和附录和致谢。
下面按论文的结构顺序依次叙述。
题目
（一）论文——题目科学论文都有题目，不能“无题”。论文题目一般20字左右。题目大小应与内容符合，尽量不设副题，不用第1报、第2报之类。论文题目都用直叙口气，不用惊叹号或问号，也不能将科学论文题目写成广告语或新闻报道用语。
署名
（二）论文——署名科学论文应该署真名和真实的工作单位。主要体现责任、成果归属并便于后人追踪研究。严格意义上的论文作者是指对选题、论证、查阅文献、方案设计、建立方法、实验操作、整理资料、归纳总结、撰写成文等全过程负责的人，应该是能解答论文的有关问题者。往往把参加工作的人全部列上，那就应该以贡献大小依次排列。论文署名应征得本人同意。学术指导人根据实际情况既可以列为论文作者，也可以一般致谢。行政领导人一般不署名。
引言
（三）论文——引言是论文引人入胜之言，很重要，要写好。一段好的论文引言常能使读者明白你这份工作的发展历程和在这一研究方向中的位置。要写出论文立题依据、基础、背景、研究目的。要复习必要的文献、写明问题的发展。文字要简练。
材料方法
（四）论文——材料和方法按规定如实写出实验对象、器材、动物和试剂及其规格，写出实验方法、指标、判断标准等，写出实验设计、分组、统计方法等。这些按杂志对论文投稿规定办即可。
实验结果
（五）论文——实验结果应高度归纳，精心分析，合乎逻辑地铺述。应该去粗取精，去伪存真，但不能因不符合自己的意图而主观取舍，更不能弄虚作假。只有在技术不熟练或仪器不稳定时期所得的数据、在技术故障或操作错误时所得的数据、不符合实验条件时所得的数据才能废弃不用。而且必须在发现问题当时就在原始记录上注明原因，不能在总结处理时因不合常态而任意剔除。废弃这类数据时应将在同样条件下、同一时期的实验数据一并废弃，不能只废弃不合己意者。
实验结果的整理应紧扣主题，删繁就简，有些数据不一定适合于这一篇论文，可留作它用，不要硬行拼凑到一篇论文中。论文行文应尽量采用专业术语。能用表的不要用图，可以不用图表的最好不要用图表，以免多占篇幅，增加排版困难。文、表、图互不重复。实验中的偶然现象和意外变故等特殊情况应作必要的交代，不要随意丢弃。
讨论
（六）论文——讨论是论文中比较重要，也是比较难写的一部分。应统观全局，抓住主要的有争议问题，从感性认识提高到理性认识进行论说。要对实验结果作出分析、推理，而不要重复叙述实验结果。应着重对国内外相关文献中的结果与观点作出讨论，表明自己的观点，尤其不应回避相对立的观点。论文的讨论中可以提出假设，提出本题的发展设想，但分寸应该恰当，不能写成“科幻”或“畅想”。
结论
（七）论文——结语或结论论文的结语应写出明确可靠的结果，写出确凿的结论。论文的文字应简洁，可逐条写出。不要用“小结”之类含糊其辞的词。
参考文献
（八）论文——参考义献这是论文中很重要、也是存在问题较多的一部分。列出论文参考文献的目的是让读者了解论文研究命题的来龙去脉，便于查找，同时也是尊重前人劳动，对自己的工作有准确的定位。因此这里既有技术问题，也有科学道德问题。
一篇论文中几乎自始至终都有需要引用参考文献之处。如论文引言中应引上对本题最重要、最直接有关的文献；在方法中应引上所采用或借鉴的方法；在结果中有时要引上与文献对比的资料；在讨论中更应引上与论文有关的各种支持的或有矛盾的结果或观点等。
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