众文网1.求一篇路桥方面的英语文献带中文翻译
Road and Bridge, located in the coastal Zhejiang Province in central China's middle of the Gold Coast. The territorial boundaries of the East China Sea east, south, Wenling, Huangyan west, north Jiaojiang. Land 33.3 kilometers from east to west, 18.8 kilometers from north to south, between latitude 28'27, -28 '38, and east longitude 121'13, -121 '40, between. A total area of 274 square kilometers inland, built urban area of 29.25 square kilometers. Jurisdiction over four towns six streets, with a total population of 413,000. Region's mountains and the sea in front, hills and plain white; river horizon, the water network clouds, islands dotted; wide shallow beach vast an area of 21.33 square kilometers.
路桥，位于浙江沿海中部，中国黄金海岸中段。境域东濒东海，南接温岭，西邻黄岩，北连椒江。陆地东西长33.3公里，南北宽18.8公里，介于北纬28'27，—28'38，和东经121'13， —121'40，之间。内陆总面积274平方公里，建城区面积29.25平方公里。辖4镇6街道，总人口41.3万。全区背山面海，丘陵与平原相间；河道纵横，水网密布，岛屿星罗棋布；浅海滩涂宽广辽阔，面积达21.33平方公里。
Taizhou Bridge is one of the main city, located in the middle of China's gold coast, warm yellow plain abdomen. The region an area of 274 square kilometers land area, jurisdiction over four towns six streets, with a total population of 429.3 thousand.
路桥是台州市的主体城区之一，地处我国黄金海岸线中段，温黄平原腹部。全区陆域面积274平方公里，辖4镇6街道，总人口42.93万。
2.桥梁论文摘要翻译
Steel Bridge for construction of cast-in-place bracket above program Abstract: Great River Bridge as an example, a high steel bridge pier for cross-cast-in-place construction design corbel brackets and the other end of the reaction force imposed by the balance method. The design not only improves the cast-in-place construction of the safety factor also decreased the use of materials, easy to operate to shorten the construction period, effective to reduce the project cost. Keywords: balanced brackets。
3.求土木桥梁毕业外文翻译
building types and designA building is closely bound up with people,for it provides with the necessary space to work and live in .As classified by their use ,buildings are mainly of two types :industrial buildings and civil buildings .industrial buildings are used by various factories or industrial production while civil buildings are those that are used by people for dwelling ,employment ,education and other social activities .Industrial buildings are factory buildings that are available for processing and manufacturing of various kinds ,in such fields as the mining industry ,the metallurgical industry ,machine building ,the chemical industry and the textile industry . factory buildings can be classified into two types single-story ones and multi-story ones .the construction of industrial buildings is the same as that of civil buildings .however ,industrial and civil buildings differ in the materials used and in the way they are used .Civil buildings are divided into two broad categories: residential buildings and public buildings .residential buildings should suit family life .each flat should consist of at least three necessary rooms : a living room ,a kitchen and a toilet .public buildings can be used in politics ,cultural activities ,administration work and other services ,such as schools, office buildings, parks ,hospitals ,shops ,stations ,theatres ,gymnasiums ,hotels ,exhibition halls ,bath pools ,and so on .all of them have different functions ,which in turn require different design types as well. Housing is the living quarters for human beings .the basic function of housing is to provide shelter from the elements ,but people today require much more that of their housing .a family moving into a new neighborhood will to know if the available housing meets its standards of safety ,health ,and comfort .a family will also ask how near the housing is to grain shops ,food markets ,schools ,stores ,the library ,a movie theater ,and the community center .In the mid-1960's a most important value in housing was sufficient space both inside and out .a majority of families preferred single-family homes on about half an acre of land ,which would provide space for spare-time activities .in highly industrialized countries ,many families preferred to live as far out as possible from the center of a metropolitan area ,even if the wage earners had to travel some distance to their work .quite a large number of families preferred country housing to suburban housing because their chief aim was to get far away from noise ,crowding ,and confusion .the accessibility of public transportation had ceased to be a decisive factor in housing because most workers drove their cars to work .people we're chiefly interested in the arrangement and size of rooms and the number of bedrooms .Before any of the building can begin ,plans have to be drawn to show what the building will be like ,the exact place in which it is to go and how everything is to be done.An important point in building design is the layout of rooms ,which should provide the greatest possible convenience in relation to the purposes for which they are intended .in a dwelling house ,the layout may be considered under three categories : “day”, “night” ,and “services” .attention must be paid to the provision of easy communication between these areas .the “day “rooms generally include a dining-room ,sitting-room and kitchen ,but other rooms ,such as a study ,may be added ,and there may be a hall .the living-room ,which is generally the largest ,often serves as a dining-room ,too ,or the kitchen may have a dining alcove .the “night “rooms consist of the bedrooms .the “services “comprise the kitchen ,bathrooms ,larder ,and water-closets .the kitchen and larder connect the services with the day rooms .It is also essential to consider the question of outlook from the various rooms ,and those most in use should preferably face south as possible .it is ,however ,often very difficult to meet the optimum requirements ,both on account of the surroundings and the location of the roads .in resolving these complex problems ,it is also necessary to follow the local town-planning regulations which are concerned with public amenities ,density of population ,height of buildings ,proportion of green space to dwellings ,building lines ,the general appearance of new properties in relation to the neighbourhood ,and so on .There is little standardization in industrial buildings although such buildings still need to comply with local town-planning regulations .the modern trend is towards light ,airy factory buildings .generally of reinforced concrete or metal construction ,a factory can be given a “shed ”type ridge roof ,incorpora。
4.桥梁毕业设计 摘要翻译
你好：
Zhuzhou Shifeng the preliminary design of the bridge (to a row simply supported continuous beam construction program)
Abstract
The design of the bridge is mainly Zhuzhou Shifeng the preliminary design of the upper structure. Zhuzhou Shifeng Bridge to the use of simply-supported method for first after the lifting of prefabricated construction girder into a simply supported beam, and then inter-beam removal of temporary support to form cast-in-place continuous beam, main beam of the use of such a high degree of box girder, span of 30 meters.
The design is composed of eleven chapters, the first chapter for the introduction, a brief bad environment surrounding the project, the design requirements, construction methods; chapter for the bridge-and longitudinal and cross-sectional layout; the third chapter for the cross-section geometric properties；第四五六Chapter for the calculation of internal forces and internal forces at the internal force composition; Chapter VII of the estimates for the pre-stressed beam of steel, arranged；第八九chapter for prestressed reinforcement after the loss and the calculation of internal forces; Chapter beam intensity-based check. Chapter XI for the stress, deformation, and other check.
Keywords: prestressed concrete simply supported continuous beam bridge construction for the internal force to the internal force portfolio at pre-camber
5.急求一篇土木工程毕业论文英文文献及翻译,不少于3000个单词
Research on the construction safety management of Civil Engineering In recent years, the construction accident in civil engineering in our country often occur. This not only caused casualties, also caused great loss of national property, and resulting in a very bad social influence. Therefore, in our country, the construction units in the civil engineering construction projects, shouldstrengthen the construction safety management, all aspects ofsecurity control for engineering, to prevent dangerous accidentsin the end it all. The cause of the civil engineering constructionaccidents are in many aspects. In order to enhance security,should be combined with the characteristics of construction projects and the enterprise's internal and external conditions, the rational allocation of production factors, optimization of management process. In order to realize the construction safetymanagement, construction units should establish a safety management system of a project, it should be carried out from the following aspects:A construction safety consciousness, cultivate the modern safety science theory, occurrence of unsafe human behavior causedcasualties. To implement safety management, it should becombined with psychology, behavioral science to strengthen the education and training of employees in production safety,improve the consciousness of safe production, so as to guide the safety production behavior of employees. For the construction enterprises should strengthen safety awareness and educationproject personnel, developing the regular safety education to the construction personnel involved in the project, and to carry outsecurity work. Three level education to the new participate in the work of the operating personnel; often transform types of employees, should be safety training for new types of work, makeoperation personnel matters needing attention can be familiar with the safe operation of the. In order to make safe win support among the people, enterprisemanagement personnel but also in engineering project, using a variety of promotional tools to start a variety of education,cultivate the construction personnel safety consciousness. Andin the management of enterprises, the production safety systemthought to. Leaders at all levels and enterprises in issuing the project production task, should also carry out safety productionmeasures. Such as the production safety requirements to the construction personnel, so conducive to safe thought into the production of management, let each employee has consciously in the psychological sense of security.Two, the establishment of management system for safety in production in addition to strengthen production safety education and awareness of construction project staff, should alsoestablish a safety management system, protect the system from the construction enterprise safety in production of. In order toavoid the frequent occurrence of sudden accident, the construction enterprise should according to the project, to develop a comprehensive, the system of safety management,and invest the necessary manpower and funds to ensure the implementation of the project. Ensure the production safetyconstruction from the system implementation, the project section of construction enterprises should establish the safety inspectionsystem, and regularly to the project construction of the security check. Make a clear record of project construction process,record the dangerous post, and regularly check the work. Self evaluation and construction team every week to organize asafety activities, the project department to make regular safetyevaluation for project production. Construction enterprises in theconstruction of civil engineering, in order to establish a safety management system, need to make corresponding technical measures for safety management system, a standard for project.Therefore, the safety work of construction enterprise project technical measures should be prior to commencement of works.As for engineering and technical measures should be strict examination and approval, the approval before implementation. If the design changes during construction, corresponding safety technical measures should be coordinated with the adjustment,will follow. The safety technical measures enacted personnel andparticipation, should fully understand the project as the construction scheme, construction environment, the actualoperation has, and combined with relevant laws and regulations or the security policy to establish safety technical measures,which can ensure the safety 。
6.跪求英语论文5000字
(For children and primary school pupils) （一） Developing oral communication skills Oral communication skills here refer to listening and speaking skills. They are very important skills for beginners. Children learning their native language begin by understanding through listening. They comprehend the language long before they can speak. With primary school pupils, it is better that we let them listen and understand the language first. Let them speak gradually when they feel ready and comfortable with it. In fact, listening and speaking are always used inseparably in real life situations. However, listening is an important basis for speaking. The following are some listening and speaking activities you can use in the classroom. Read them and discuss which ones are adaptable in your teaching and which ones are not practical for your situations and explain why. Listening Activities Listen and act/follow instructions This type of activity is also known as TPR (Total Physical Response). TPR is an extremely useful and adaptable teaching technique in the primary classroom for language learning. With TPR, children listen to their teacher telling them what to do and then do it. This is also the way how children acquired their first language. They are able to do things according to what they hear long before they are able to speak the language. By doing TPR, you are also giving chil- dren a sense of security. It does not matter if they cannot pronounce the word or say the sentence. They can simply listen and watch others to understand the meaning. For TPR activities, the easiest is to start with classroom commands, 'touch' activities and verbs in action, etc. （二）Speaking activities Speaking activities do not need to be always reading aloud, reciting dialogues or repeating what the teacher said. When we speak, we speak with a purpose and we speak with interest as well. Therefore, we need to create interesting topics and genuine purposes for children to speak the language. Of course some imitations and repetitions are necessary to prepare children to speak, but even with imi- tations and repetitions, we can make them more interesting and meaningful. One important point to note is that speaking only develops gradually with plenty of practice and with a lot of encouragement. We should have realistic expectations with children beginning with English. The following are some speaking activities. Some of them are basic speaking activities and some of them are more advanced speaking activities. They can only be applied with different levels of learners and in different contexts. 本文摘自： 。
7.路桥英文翻译
我下面先给您个样，您要是觉得好，就给分并把您的原文发过来，再给您翻好发回去。
这样可以么？========================Road and Bridge, located in the coastal Zhejiang Province in central China's middle of the Gold Coast. The territorial boundaries of the East China Sea east, south, Wenling, Huangyan west, north Jiaojiang. Land 33.3 kilometers from east to west, 18.8 kilometers from north to south, between latitude 28'27, -28 '38, and east longitude 121'13, -121 '40, between. A total area of 274 square kilometers inland, built urban area of 29.25 square kilometers. Jurisdiction over four towns six streets, with a total population of 413,000. Region's mountains and the sea in front, hills and plain white; river horizon, the water network clouds, islands dotted; wide shallow beach vast an area of 21.33 square kilometers.Road and Bridge, Qin (AD 222, when) is Hueiji. Han Jianwu (25-36 years) after the case of Zhang County (later changed Linhai County), Tang Gaozong Shangyuan two years (675 years) from the coastal precipitation Yongning County, road and bridge are Yongning County. After the first year of Tian Shou Tang Wu (690) Change Yongning for Huangyan, Huangyan County Road and Bridge is later dynasties Xiangyan. In 1994, the State Council approved to set up withdrawal Taizhou City, road and bridge from the precipitation of a prefecture-level city Huangyan district, Taizhou city for one of the city.Road and Bridge is located in Taizhou, the most densely populated because of the temperature and yellow plain, has always been a trade developed regions, Song Si has to "merchants gathered, vehicle spokes converge." Road and Bridge is currently "no street no city, no Lane does not stall, no household is not business" has become the southeast Zhejiang Taizhou and commercial center, the region of 76 existing types of markets, with the Chinese Commodity Mall as a leader, small commodity wholesale market , Zhejiang Southeast food markets, China Building Decoration City, Bridge City, electrical and mechanical hardware, electronic digital Taizhou City, Furniture City, Zhejiang Fang-Lin Motor City, Fu Shi-squares as the backbone of the market system, tentacles extending throughout the country till the border, overseas, to enter Russia, Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos and other countries and South Africa countries.Road and Bridge is also an important source of China's stake in one of the cooperative economy, the region of existing 34500 private enterprises, to form a motorcycle and accessories, mold and plastic products, air conditioners and refrigeration parts and agricultural machinery as the pillar of the four leading industries, holiday lights, wire and cable, hardware, electrical and mechanical, printing, sanitary ware such as simultaneous development of the industrial system.Road & Bridge, "ten-mile Long Street," was founded in the Southern Song Dynasty, the street was built along the river, suitable for distribution of goods, rather Jiangnan business city of charm, for road and bridge symbol. Adults sharp foothills Ishihama Park, Song and Tang Dynasty, ancient temples ancient temple Zenboji Xiang Yan Temple tour of places for road and bridge; "Hometown of Chinese loquat," Tong-yu of the pastoral provision of loquat Tourist Park as a good place for sightseeing; coastal huanglang another view Chao's a good place.Taizhou Bridge is one of the main city, located in the middle of China's gold coast, warm yellow plain abdomen. The region an area of 274 square kilometers land area, jurisdiction over four towns six streets, with a total population of 429.3 thousand.The earliest history of road and bridge can be traced back 3000 years ago, the Western Zhou period; to the Southern Song Dynasty, road and bridge the burgeoning wind business, department stores gathered; the Qing dynasty Qianlong southeast coast of Zhejiang has become a well-known commercial port; August 22, 1994, the State Council approved Taizhou withdrawal of land for municipal, road and bridge construction area.The market economy must weather training, shaped the distinctive Bridge economy. That is the market boom, the private economy, private capital rich, the public mind into. In 2008, the region realized a GDP of 27.031 billion yuan, up by 10.2%, 61.9 thousand yuan per capita gross domestic product; fiscal revenues 3.271 billion yuan, of which 1.554 billion yuan of local revenue, up by 17.8%, respectively, and 16.7%; the whole social fixed assets investment 10.14 billion yuan, up by 10.9%; the end of the balance of deposits and loans of financial institutions 。
8.跪求道桥专业毕业设计一篇
毕业设计（论文）是学生毕业前最后一个重要学习环节，是学习深化与升华的重要过程。
它既是学生学习、研究与实践成果的全面总结，又是对学生素质与能力的一次全面检验，而且还是对学生的毕业资格及学位资格认证的重要依据。 一、毕业设计（论文）资料的组成 A.毕业设计（论文）任务书；B.毕业设计（论文）成绩评定书；C.毕业论文或毕业设计说明书（包括：封面、中外文摘要或设计总说明（包括关键词）、目录、正文、谢辞、参考文献、附录）；D.译文及原文复印件；E.图纸、软盘等。
二、毕业设计（论文）资料的填写及有关资料的装订 毕业设计（论文）统一使用学校印制的毕业设计（论文）资料袋、毕业设计（论文）任务书、毕业设计（论文）成绩评定书、毕业设计（论文）封面、稿纸（在教务处网上下载用，学校统一纸面格式，使用A4打印纸）。 毕业设计（论文）资料按要求认真填写，字体要工整，卷面要整洁，手写一律用黑或蓝黑墨水；任务书由指导教师填写并签字，经院长（系主任）签字后发出。
毕业论文或设计说明书要按顺序装订：封面、中外文摘要或设计总说明（包括关键词）、目录、正文、谢辞、参考文献、附录装订在一起，然后与毕业设计（论文）任务书、毕业设计（论文）成绩评定书、译文及原文复印件（订在一起）、工程图纸（按国家标准折叠装订）、软盘等一起放入填写好的资料袋内交指导教师查收，经审阅评定后归档。 三、毕业设计说明书（论文）撰写的内容与要求 一份完整的毕业设计（论文）应包括以下几个方面： 1.标题 标题应该简短、明确、有概括性。
标题字数要适当，不宜超过20个字，如果有些细节必须放进标题，可以分成主标题和副标题。 2.论文摘要或设计总说明 论文摘要以浓缩的形式概括研究课题的内容，中文摘要在300字左右，外文摘要以250个左右实词为宜，关键词一般以3~5个为妥。
设计总说明主要介绍设计任务来源、设计标准、设计原则及主要技术资料，中文字数要在1500~2000字以内，外文字数以1000个左右实词为宜，关键词一般以5个左右为妥。 3.目录 目录按三级标题编写（即：1……、1.1……、1.1.1……），要求标题层次清晰。
目录中的标题应与正文中的标题一致，附录也应依次列入目录。 4.正文 毕业设计说明书（论文）正文包括绪论、正文主体与结论，其内容分别如下： 绪论应说明本课题的意义、目的、研究范围及要达到的技术要求；简述本课题在国内外的发展概况及存在的问题；说明本课题的指导思想；阐述本课题应解决的主要问题，在文字量上要比摘要多。
正文主体是对研究工作的详细表述，其内容包括：问题的提出，研究工作的基本前提、假设和条件；模型的建立，实验方案的拟定；基本概念和理论基础；设计计算的主要方法和内容；实验方法、内容及其分析；理论论证，理论在课题中的应用，课题得出的结果，以及对结果的讨论等。学生根据毕业设计（论文）课题的性质，一般仅涉及上述一部分内容。
结论是对整个研究工作进行归纳和综合而得出的总结，对所得结果与已有结果的比较和课题尚存在的问题，以及进一步开展研究的见解与建议。结论要写得概括、简短。
5.谢辞 谢辞应以简短的文字对在课题研究和设计说明书（论文）撰写过程中曾直接给予帮助的人员（例如指导教师、答疑教师及其他人员）表示自己的谢意，这不仅是一种礼貌，也是对他人劳动的尊重，是治学者应有的思想作风。 6.参考文献与附录 参考文献是毕业设计（论文）不可缺少的组成部分，它反映毕业设计（论文）的取材来源、材料的广博程度和材料的可靠程度，也是作者对他人知识成果的承认和尊重。
一份完整的参考文献可向读者提供一份有价值的信息资料。一般做毕业设计（论文）的参考文献不宜过多，但应列入主要的文献可10篇以上，其中外文文献在2篇以上。
附录是对于一些不宜放在正文中，但有参考价值的内容，可编入毕业设计（论文）的附录中，例如公式的推演、编写的程序等；如果文章中引用的符号较多时，便于读者查阅，可以编写一个符号说明，注明符号代表的意义。一般附录的篇幅不宜过大，若附录篇幅超过正文，会让人产生头轻脚重的感觉。
四、毕业设计（论文）要求 我校毕业设计（论文）大致有设计类、理论研究类（理科）、实验研究类、计算机软件设计类、经济、管理及文科类、综合类等，具体要求如下： 1.设计类（包括机械、建筑、土建工程等）：学生必须独立绘制完成一定数量的图纸，工程图除了用计算机绘图外必须要有1~2张（2号以上含2号图）是手工绘图；一份15000字以上的设计说明书（包括计算书、调研报告）；参考文献不低于10篇，其中外文文献要在2篇以上。 2.理论研究类（理科）：对该类课题工科学生一般不提倡，各院系要慎重选题，除非题目确实有实际意义。
该毕业设计报告或论文字数要在20000字以上；根据课题提出问题、分析问题，提出方案、并进行建模、仿真和设计计算等；参考文献不低于15篇，其中外文文献要在4篇以上。 3.实验研究类：学生要独立完成一个完整的实验，取得足够的实验数据，实验要有探索性，而不是简。
9.毕业论文 摘要 英文翻译
The development of China's textile exports have been international textile trade system seriously, quotas, and increasing variety of Settings main varieties of quotas for our export strengths. According to the world trade organization WTO textile and apparel trade integrated treatment, including the United States, the European Union, Canada, Turkey set quotas of countries and regions of China were part of the export textile and clothing products category are cancelled quotas. Of course, the domestic existing appearance for the export products, system structure, product quality problem is serious influence our textile and clothing products export and development. But in the following two aspects: one is the market access, 2 it is competitive.
"Green barrier" in many cases, not on many of the products to the market, but through direct limit environmental standards set or improve the original environment standard, thus improving the product cost, weaken the international competitiveness of products. Compared with the market access of "green barrier" product competitiveness of more extensive and profound influence. Because of some environmental standards and influence of market access, often is the product of the individual, and because, "green barrier" and involves product competitiveness is common often.
China's textile enterprises in environment mark authentication is relatively backward, and appear to China textile and apparel production enterprise 7 million, is one of the world's biggest exporter, clothing production and authentication of such obviously not reasonable, also not congruent with.
China's textile enterprises should actively application environment, is the current standard of PPM enterprises to improve product competition environment, the important way.