众文网1.能源与动力专业毕业设计 英文文章
热能与动力工程是以工程热物理学科为主要理论基础，以内燃机和正在发展中的其它新型动力机械及系统为研究对象，运用工程力学、机械工程学、自动控制、计算机、环境科学、微电子技术等学科的知识和内容，研究如何把燃料的化学能和液体的动能安全、高效、低（或无）污染地转换成动力的基本规律和过程，研究转换过程中的系统和设备的自动控制技术。
随着常规能源的日渐短缺，人类环境保护意识的不断增强，节能、高效、降低或消除污染排放物、发展新能源及其它可再生能源成为本学科的重要任务，在能源、交通运输、汽车、船舶、电力、航空宇航工程、农业工程和环境科学等诸多领域获得越来越广泛的应用，在国民经济各部门发挥着越来越重要的作用。 这方面人才在加强学生基础理论和综合素质教育的同时，加强计算机及自动控制技术的应用，强化专业实践教学，注重全能训练，全面提高自己的实践动手能力和科学研究潜力. 我国能源动力类专业形成于20世纪50年代。
以交通大学为例，1952年院系调整时，当时设在机械系中的动力组就单独成立了动力机械系。由于受当时苏联教育体制的影响，在该学科的发展过程中，专业面曾一度越分越细。
50年代初期只有锅炉、气轮机、内燃机等专业，以后又先后办起制冷专业与风机专业，制冷专业又细分出压缩机，制冷及低温专业。在50年代末又创办了核能专业，在60~70年代有些学校先后设立了工程热物理专业。
这样能源动力学科中的专业就先后包括有锅炉、涡轮机、电厂热能、风机、压缩机、制冷、低温、内燃机、工程热物理，水力机械以及核能工程等11个专业，形成了明显的以产品带教学的基本格局。 热能与动力工程专业中包含的水利水电动力工程专业的前身为水电站动力装置专业。
该专业形成于20世纪50年代。新中国成立以后，随着国家对水患的治理和经济建设的发展，国家设立了华东水利学院、武汉水利水电学院、华北水利水电学院等一些专门的水利院校，1958年起在这些院校和西安交通大学水利系（西安理工大学水电学院的前身）设立了水电站动力装置专业，以满足国家对水电建设人才的迫切需求。
1977年恢复高考招生后，该专业更名为水电站动力设备专业。1984年该专业更名为水利水电动力工程专业，涵盖了原水能动力工程、水电站动力装置、水电站动力设备、水能动力及其自动化、机电排灌工程、水能动力与提水工程等专业，昆明工业学院、成都科技大学等一些院校都设置了该专业。
1998年，按照国家教育部颁布的新的专业目录，水利水电动力工程专业并入热能与动力工程专业，新的热能与动力工程专业包含了原来的热力发动机、流体机械及流体工程、热能工程与动力机械、热能工程、制冷与低温技术、能源工程、工程热物理、水利水电动力、工程冷冻冷藏工程等9个专业。 客观上说，这种专业划分与当时我国计划经济的体制以及工业发展的实际情况，在一定程度上是相适应的。
过窄的专业面，但却培养了专业工作能力较强的学生。因此，在当时对我国经济的发展和工业体系的重建，曾经起到过积极的作用。
但随着社会经济向现代化方向的发展和高新科学技术的进步，特别是我国改革开放以后，国外先进科技、管理体系的大量引进，学科的交叉融合不断产生新的经济增长点，当时实际存在的过细过窄的工科专业设置，总体上已不能适应新的形势和发展对人才的需要，必须进行专业调整。因此，在1993年原国家教委进行的专业目录调整中，将能源动力学科的上述前10个专业压缩为4个专业，即热能工程，热力发动机，制冷与低温工程，流体机械与流体工程，核工程与核技术保留。
1998年，教育部颁布了新的专业目录，将上述前4个专业进一步合并为热能与动力工程专业，核工程与核技术专业单独设立，而在引导性的专业目录中，则建议将热能工程与核能工程合并。但当时我国大多数学校还是采用了热能工程与核能工程单独设专业的方案。
因此，在2000年教育部设立的新一轮教学指导委员中，在能源动力学科教学指导委员会下分设了三个委员会：热能动力工程，核工程与核技术以及热工基础课程教学指导分委员会。 能源动力工业是我国国民经济与国防建设的重要基础和支柱型产业，同时也是涉及多个领域高新技术的集成产业，在国家经济建设与社会发展中一直起着极其重要的作用。
近年来，随着我国各个方面改革的深化发展，包括市场经济的逐步建立，国有大中型企业机制的转换，加入WTO后面临的挑战，以及能源动力领域技术的发展，并考虑到我国核科技工业“十一五”以及到2020年发展所面临的形势与任务，我国能源动力类以及核相关专业人才的培养面临着严峻的挑战。 能源动力及环境是目前世界各国所面临的头等重大的社会问题，我国能源工业面临着经济增长、环境保护和社会发展的重大压力。
我国是世界上最大的煤炭生产和消费国，煤炭占商品能源消费的76%，已成为我国大气污染的主要来源。已经探明的常规能源剩余储量（煤炭、石油、天然气等）及可开采年限十分有限，2000年的统计资料表明，我国化石能源剩余可储采比煤炭为92年，石油20.5年，仅为世界储采比。
2.关于分布式能源的外文和翻译 文献翻译 毕业论文
分布式能源系统究竟如何定义，现在有两种理解：一是靠近用户的小型发电或蓄电系统；另一种是利用天然气作燃料的冷热电联产12万~40万千瓦的大机组。
笔者认为，既然称为分布式能源系统应当是第一种理解，第二种只能称为冷热电联产系统，不是分布式能源系统，只有小型的冷热电联产系统可以称为分布式能源系统。 能源辞典关于分布式能源是这样说的：“靠近用户的小型发电或蓄电系统。
它可以大大减少输送、分配成本，联产达到很高的效率，减少CO2和大气污染物的排放，提高供电质量和可靠性，更多的终端用户控制。这些优点将使能源工业发生革命性的变化。
它采用可再生能源发电，没有或很少大气污染物和CO2排放，采用燃料电池、微型燃气轮机和内燃机，总的排放量也可减少，利用余热可提高能效。目前，分布式发电大多是备用电源，用于医院、工厂、因特网服务器等供电中断代价大的地方，还用作边远地点的独立电源。
它对发展中国家有很大好处，因为它的基础设施投入少。
3.求有关供热工程的英文文献要求翻译成汉子不少于4000字
供热 Heating 供燃气 supplies the fuel gas 通风 Well ventilated 空调专业 Air conditioning specialized 热能 Heat energy 动力工程专业 Power engineering specialty 供热 Heating 供燃气 supplies the fuel gas 通风 Well ventilated 空调专业 Air conditioning specialized 热能 Heat energy 动力工程专业 Power engineering specialty。
4.英语日记80字（带翻译）
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篇一：寒假英语日记80词
寒假英语日记80词
3)it was the third day of our winter holiday. today, i sat in my mother's office and help her answer the telephone. although i also have a lot of time to do my homework, i still do it. because in my mother's office, i had nothing to do. if i did nothing, i was wasting my time and my life. i can't do the foolish thing. we should take good use of our time.
译：
这是我们的寒假的第三天。今天，我坐在
在我母亲的办公室，帮她接电话。虽然我也有大量的时间去做我的功课，我还是做这件事。因为在我母亲的办公室，我无事可做。如果我无事可做，我是我在浪费自己的时间和生命。我不能做傻事。我们应该充分利用我们的时间。
4)it is a special day today. my mother sent one hundred basket of red bayberries. i like to eat red bayberries. it tastes nice. when they arrived in shanghai, they were still fresh.
but most of them would be sent to my mother's business friends. i chose the best basket of red bayberries to eat. i put the rest in my refrigerator. red bayberry is my hometown's special product. it is well-known in china. many people like to eat it.
译：
今天是一个特殊的日子。我妈妈送来一百篮子深红色的月桂果。我喜欢吃红月桂果。这味道很好。当他
5.全英语论文3000字
Published in 1847, WUTHERING HEIGHTS was not well received by the reading public, many of whom condemned it as sordid, vulgar, and unnatural--and author Emily Bronte went to her grave in 1848 believing that her only novel was a failure. It was not until 1850, when WUTHERING HEIGHTS received a second printing with an introduction by Emily's sister Charlotte, that it attracted a wide readership. And from that point the reputation of the book has never looked back. Today it is widely recognized as one of the great novels of English literature. Even so, WUTHERING HEIGHTS continues to divide readers. It is not a pretty love story; rather, it is swirling tale of largely unlikeable people caught up in obsessive love that turns to dark madness. It is cruel, violent, dark and brooding, and many people find it extremely unpleasant. And yet--it possesses a grandeur of language and design, a sense of tremendous pity and great loss that sets it apart from virtually every other novel written. The novel is told in the form of an extended flashback. After a visit to his strange landlord, a newcomer to the area desires to know the history of the family--which he receives from Nelly Deans, a servant who introduces us to the Earnshaw family who once resided in the house known as Wuthering Heights. It was once a cheerful place, but Old Earnshaw adopted a "Gipsy" child who he named Heathcliff. And Catherine, daughter of the house, found in him the perfect companion: wild, rude, and as proud and cruel as she. But although Catherine loves him, even recognizes him as her soulmate, she cannot lower herself to marry so far below her social station. She instead marries another, and in so doing sets in motion an obsession that will destroy them all. WUTHERING HEIGHTS is a bit difficult to "get into;" the opening chapters are so dark in their portrait of the end result of this obsessive love that they are somewhat off-putting. But they feed into the flow of the work in a remarkable way, setting the stage for one of the most remarkable structures in all of literature, a story that circles upon itself in a series of repetitions as it plays out across two generations. Catherine and Heathcliff are equally remarkable, both vicious and cruel, and yet never able to shed their impossible love no matter how brutally one may wound the other. As the novel coils further into alcoholism, seduction, and one of the most elaborately imagined plans of revenge it gathers into a ghostly tone: Heathcliff, driven to madness by a woman who is not there but who seems reflected in every part of his world--dragging her corpse from the grave, hearing her calling to him from the moors, escalating his brutality not for the sake of brutality but so that her memory will never fade, so that she may never leave his mind until death itself. Yes, this is madness, insanity, and there is no peace this side of the grave or even beyond. Many people in the world are trying to find a perfect companion.Some of these may marry and not know what their new husband or wife is like.This kind of situation often leads to separation or hostility. Other situations may develop between two friends that stem from jealousy, desire for revenge, uncaring parents, etc. Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights displays several characteristics of destructive relationships. Three of these are uncaring parents, marriage without knowing the person, and jealousy. Uncaring or unsympathizing parents are shown throughout this story to be an element of destructive relationships. Because Heathcliff gained all the attention from Mr. Earnshaw, Hindley became disassociated from his father. This separation continued until after Mr. Earnshaw had died.Another example is between Hindley and Hareton. Hindley became such a drunk and a gambler that he could not properly care for young Hareton. This led to a separation between Hareton and his father as well. One primary example of an uncaring parent is shown between Heathcliff and his son Linton.Heathcliff did not even want his son for anything except enacting a part of his revenge. This is shown by Linton's fear of Heathcliff and Heathcliff's enmity toward his son. Linton even says "。
my father threatened me, and I dread him - I dread him!"(244) to express his feeling about Heathcliff.The hostility and separation between father and son in this book shows that uncaring parents can cause serious damage in relationships with their children. This element of destructive behavior may stem from an unhappy marriage in which the husbands or wives don't know each other. This had happened between Isabella and Heathcliff. Isabella did not really 。
6.英文作文《大学生兼职》
Remember the blogosphere "the second starting line"? Life is actually in the unceasing start and spent compete. If as college students we have in the "first starting line" on hard won, so, next we will set foot on "the runway", will be full of more challenges, it is our career. And our "second starting line", will start from part-time. In the scheduled before, and let's listen to a part-time students heart: turn on the TV, newspaper and Internet browsing, all kinds of such as "graduation is unemployed," "college graduates below one thousand yuan a month," "difficult obtain employment" information inexorably filled with my audio-visual, that I admitted to Beijing from the key university that day on, he has carried the future employment pressure, for tomorrow uncertain "bowl" and faint uneasy. Because of this, I and many students, from freshman began to actively thinking about the future of the employment problem. And when I from several senior learned they use part-time exercise myself, and to realize the workplace rules of the game. My heart began to strongly request part-time!
还记得央视著名的“第二起跑线”吗？人生其实是在不断的起跑与竞逐中度过的。如果说作为大学生的我们已经在“第一起跑线”上艰难胜出，那么，接下来我们所要踏上的“跑道”，将会充满更多的挑战，它就是我们的职业生涯。而我们的“第二起跑线”，将从兼职开始。在开赛之前，让我们先聆听一位兼职大学生的心声： 打开电视机、翻开报纸、上网浏览，各种诸如“毕业即失业”、“大学毕业生月薪跌破千元”、“就业难”的信息不可阻挡地充斥着我的视听，以至于我从考上北京的这所重点大学的那天起，就已经背负着未来就业的压力，为明天不确定的“饭碗”而隐隐感到不安。 正因为这样，我和许多同学一样，从大一就开始积极地思考将来的就业问题。而当我从几位学长那里了解到他们利用兼职锻炼自己，并且从中领悟职场游戏规则的时候。我的内心就开始强烈地要求兼职！
7.英语演讲稿100词左右 带翻译 急需
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英语演讲稿100词带翻译励志
英语演讲稿是指用英文写的书面演讲文字英语演讲稿首先开头要开门见山，既要一下子抓住听众又要提出你的观点。关于的有哪些呢？下面是xx为你整理的内容，希望对你有帮助。 篇一 A Brother Like That A Brother Like That A friend of mine named Paul received an automobile from his brother as a Christmas present. On Christmas Evewhen Paul came out of his office, a street urchin was walking around the shiny new car, admiring it. "Is this your car, Mister?" he said. Paul nodded. "My brother gave it to me for Christmas." The boy was astounded. "You mean your brother gave it to you and it didn't cost you nothing? Boy, I wish . . ." He hesitated. Of course Paul knew what he was going to wish for. He was going to wish he had a brother like that. But what the lad said jarred Paul all the way down to his heels. "I wish," the boy went on, "That I could be a brother like that." Paul looked at the boy in astonishment, then impulsively he added, "Would you like to take a ride in my car?" "Oh yes, Id love that." After a short ride, the boy turned with his eyes aglow, said, "Mister,would you mind driving in front of my house?" Paul smiled a little. He
8.名人故事英文版带翻译（简单的）
答：你好，很高兴回答你的问题。下面是关于爱恩斯坦的故事：
Albert Einstein Albert Einstein was considered the greatest scientist of the 20th century and one of the greatest of all time. His discoveries and theories have greatly influenced science in many fields. Einstein was born in 1879 in Ulm, a city in Germany. As a boy, he was slow to learn to talk, but later in his childhood he showed great curiosity about nature and ability to solve difficult mathematical problems. After he left school, he went to Switzerland, where he graduated from the university with a degree in mathematics. In 1905, Einstein began to publish a series of papers which shook the whole scientific and intellectual world, and for the theories he established in the papers he won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. Because Einstein was Jewish, when Hitler took over Germany in 1933, he had to leave the country and finally settled in the United States. There he continued his study on the structure of the universe until his death in 1955. Among the several important discoveries Einstein made in his life, the greatest is the creation of his famous Theory of Relativity。
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦被认为是最伟大的科学家之一，20th世纪最伟大的时间。他的发现极大地影响了科学和理论在许多领域。爱因斯坦于1879年出生在德国的乌尔鉧城，一个城市。作为一个男孩，他慢慢地学会讲话，但后来在童年时代他表现得非常好奇地自然和能力解决棘手的数学问题。他从学校毕业后，他去瑞士，在那里他大学毕业，获得学士学位的数学。 1905年，爱因斯坦开始发表的一系列文件震动整个科学知识的世界，和他建立的理论在报纸上他获得诺贝尔物理学奖在1921年。 因为爱因斯坦是犹太教徒，当希特勒接管德国在1933年，他不得不离开这个国家并且最终定居在美国。他继续他的研究宇宙的结构直到1955年去世为止。 在几个重要的发现爱因斯坦交了他生命中最伟大的是他创立了著名的相对论。
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