众文网1.600分求毕业论文中的外文翻译,要有外文原文和译文
Shallow view college students（浅析大学生消费观） In the current consumption market, as a special group is receiving more and more attention. Cell phones, Internet, sports, tourism, av equipment are students of consumption. Their younger age, different from other social consumer groups of consumer psychology and behavior. On one hand has strong consumption demand, on the other hand, has obtained the financial independence. Consumer spending power of advanced concepts, the lag and has great influence on them. With this curious, we investigated the students listened, currently the teachers.Results showed that the following reasons for college students have a profound influence on the view.First, family environment for students of consumption "congenital". Family is the basic factors restricting their consumption. Most students from rural areas currently. Rural students would not spend a lot of money to buy a bar of chocolate, biscuit, candy and snacks. A classmate of institute of grammar, told reporters he every month in the consumption of food and supplies, and a small part of life. However, the students from the developed city, in the free allowance is master circumstance, even the remaining money to spend on hair, clothing, accessories, and other items. MP3 Second, the consumption of college campus environment. According to the understanding of the ", just past 11 golden weeks, "some travel agency" lovers swims "travel group, a lot of students. Some boys to girls, the pursuit of cosmetics, snacks, flowers as "sociology". In the investigation and discussion, we found that the students love more than 100 - month about spending at least 200 yuan, also has 50 yuan, the highest reach 500 yuan. One of the students of agronomy humorously tells a reporter, dating from the average expenses for the situation had been broken and three kinds, namely, man should take all NanNvFang share and the initiative of all, girls love spending even more than the situation.Internet addiction among is one where money. Some students spend all day in the net cafe, wasting their time and energy, and parents hard-earned money.Third, social environment influence on college students' view. In the interview process, a eppo school students told reporters: "some students fashion and famous, too." compare existing In the seminar, some students, in order to have a phone or a paragraph on the most popular, some classmates to economize, even sacrifice other necessary expenses. Some male classmate to buy a pair of shoes, the female classmate brand in order to buy a set of famous cosmetic or a brand-name clothes at hand to his family, money or borrow money from their classmates, these reflects some students don't know into, and driven them form the vanity of endless themselves. In addition, the male classmate hair, earrings, female students, also make positive modelling teachers and parents worried.College students are the pillars of the construction of the future society, its consumption ideas and directly affected the life character and the influence of the motherland, indirect jiangshan justice. Good training and strengthening consumer habits will get to the school, good shape, and formed the role of school student wind virtuous circle. Therefore, the schools should set students' good consumption psychology and behavior of the cultivation of campus culture construction as an important component. Facing the current as of inviting advertising the snowflake fly to the university campus, teachers and parents have necessary guidance from the side with the correct method, students correct view firmly. College students from his actual consumption of the economic situation, develop simple life style, develop good consumption habits and consumption mentality. 在当前的消费市场中，大学生作为一个特殊的消费群体正受到越来越多的关注。
手机、旅游、上网、运动、影音器材都是大学生的消费热点。他们年龄较轻，有着不同于社会其他消费群体的消费心理和行为。
一方面有着旺盛的消费需求，另一方面，尚未获得经济上的独立。消费观念的超前和消费实力的滞后，都对他们有很大影响。
带着这样的好奇，我们调查了农大的同学，听取了老师们的意见。 调查结果显示，下面几种原因对大学生的消费观有着深刻的影响。
第一，家庭环境对大学生的消费观产生“先天性”的影响。家庭条件是大学生消费的根本制约因素。
农大学生大部分来自于农村。农村来的学生不愿花费很多钱去买巧克力、饼干、糖果之类的零食。
文法学院的一位同学告诉记者，他每个月的消费大部分用在伙食及学习用品上，还有一小部分是生活用品。但是，来自发达城市的学生，。
2.毕业论文英语翻译原文 内容关于：主成分分析（principal component
你的邮箱发不进去，请换一个，这里发部分供你参考Principal component analysisPrincipal component analysis (PCA) is a mathematical procedure that uses an orthogonal transformation to convert a set of observations of possibly correlated variables into a set of values of uncorrelated variables called principal components. The number of principal components is less than or equal to the number of original variables. This transformation is defined in such a way that the first principal component has as high a variance as possible (that is, accounts for as much of the variability in the data as possible), and each succeeding component in turn has the highest variance possible under the constraint that it be orthogonal to (uncorrelated with) the preceding components. Principal components are guaranteed to be independent only if the data set is jointly normally distributed. PCA is sensitive to the relative scaling of the original variables. Depending on the field of application, it is also named the discrete Karhunen–Loève transform (KLT), the Hotelling transform or proper orthogonal decomposition (POD).PCA was invented in 1901 by Karl Pearson.[1] Now it is mostly used as a tool in exploratory data analysis and for making predictive models. PCA can be done by eigenvalue decomposition of a data covariance matrix or singular value decomposition of a data matrix, usually after mean centering the data for each attribute. The results of a PCA are usually discussed in terms of component scores (the transformed variable values corresponding to a particular case in the data) and loadings (the weight by which each standarized original variable should be multiplied to get the component score) (Shaw, 2003).PCA is the simplest of the true eigenvector-based multivariate analyses. Often, its operation can be thought of as revealing the internal structure of the data in a way which best explains the variance in the data. If a multivariate dataset is visualised as a set of coordinates in a high-dimensional data space (1 axis per variable), PCA can supply the user with a lower-dimensional picture, a "shadow" of this object when viewed from its (in some sense) most informative viewpoint. This is done by using only the first few principal components so that the dimensionality of the transformed data is reduced.PCA is closely related to factor analysis; indeed, some statistical packages (such as Stata) deliberately conflate the two techniques. True factor analysis makes different assumptions about the underlying structure and solves eigenvectors of a slightly different matrix.。
3.求关于财务分析的英文文章加翻译（翻译成中文2000字左右）
First, the privately operated enterprise the question and the reasonanalysis which exists in the financial control As everybody knows, business management including productionmanagement, marketing management and financial control and so on manyaspects, but the financial control is the enterprise entire managementsystem core, enterprise's financial control goal is a goal which theenterprise pursues. Obviously, only has take the financial control asthe center, the coordination operates management system each aspect,can effectively strengthen the business management, the promotionenterprise develops.Said from the nation that, the privately operated enterprise quantitymultitudinous, distributed is widespread, the differently, in addition receives the macroscopiceconomic environment and the system influence, the privately operatedenterprise was strengthening the financial control aspect to meet thecertain resistance, for example: The policy "the discrimination"causes the privately operated enterprise and the major industry cannotthe fair competition, the local authority, the profession controlsection's intervention, causes the privately operated enterprise thefinancial control goal short-term, again is main is the privatelyoperated enterprise financial control owner's influence oversized andso on some subjective factors existences, causes the financial controlthe importance to neglect. Therefore, in its financial control existsquestion also many and varied, I believed, at present the universalexistence question and the reason mainly have: . (1) financing difficulty, the revolving fund is insufficient, causeslake of the financial control Cheng Duanyuan. At present, the our country privately operated enterprise initiallyestablished has been independent, the channel many Yuan financingsystem, but, financed difficultly, to guarantee difficultly, still wasthe most prominent question which the restriction privately operatedenterprise developed, the main question was: First, is in debtexcessively many, financing cost high, risk big, creates the privatelyoperated enterprise credit rank low, helps the letter relatively to beworse. Second, the majority privately operated enterprise right andwrong major industry, some banks the traditional ideas and theadministrative intervention influence, insufficiently are warm-heartedto its loan. Third, the facilitating agency is not perfect, lacksspecially the financial facilitating agency and the loan guaranteeorganization which serves for the privately operated enterprise loan. Analyzes its main reason to display in two aspects: One is the financeindustry is insufficient to the privately operated enterprise's creditaid. Our country finance system from establishes to the serviceproject, mostly is take the big enterprise as the service object, theprivately operated enterprise's credit service is often neglected.Because the loan is difficult, in the production management processneeds the fund to be insufficient, enormously has restricted theprivately operated enterprise's development. Some privately operatedenterprises, although exists temporarily difficultly, but the bankonce supports can bring back to life; Two is the privately operatedenterprise's financing channel is unitary, adapts the market demandchange with difficulty. As a result of some privately operatedenterprises, in both cannot obtain the bank the loan support, and doesnot have self- financing or to the social public financing ability,imperceptibly, strengthened the enterprise financial control also tobecome an empty talk, the financial control has also become mediateslake of the source. (2) financial control is weak, lacks the scientific nature, causes thefinancial control to take a step difficultly. The majority of privately operated enterprises have the financialcontrol link to be weak, moreover to strengthens the financial controlaspect insufficiently to take, has not understood the financialcontrol from the true significance in enterprise's status. The mainquestion includes: One is the fund management is lax, financialcontrol weak, creates the fund to leave unused or to be insufficient.Two is the receivable account funds turnover is slow, causes the fundrecycling difficulty. Three, the inventory control is weak, createsthe fund delay. Four is re- Qian Qingwu, the property drainsseriously. Analyzes its reason mainly is: One is some privately operatedenterprises thought cash more the better, causes the massive cashesnot to participate in the turnover, some are the fund lacks the planarrangement, excessive purchase real estate, but causes the enterpriseto be unable to deal with the management urgently 。
4.急求论文“杜邦分析法在企业财务分析中的应用”的文献综述
杜邦财务比率分析法在工业企业统计分析中的应用 2004-04-19 在目前的状况下，企业的经营状况普遍通过企业的财务报表反映出来。
因此，对企业财务统计报表的分析和研究，就显得更为重要了。现结合企业的实际情况，从净资产的收益率（反映企业经济效益好坏与经营能力高低的指标）这个财务指标入手，将“杜邦财务比率分析法”应用于统计分析，从企业的生产、销售的各个环节，对企业的经营状况进行综合分析。
一、“六要素比率分析法”杜邦财务比率分析法是美国杜邦公司财务管理人员在实践中摸索和建立起来的对净资产收益率进行要素分析的方法。它将净资产收益率分解为多个不同的财务比率，这些财务比率反映企业经营业绩的各个不同方面，同时它们之间又有一个分子分母相互交叉、约除的关系。
这样，通过对每个财务比率跨年度变化的比较，就可以找出影响净资产收益率变化（上升或下降）的业绩要素，为公司管理部门改善经营业绩，提高未来的净资产收益率提出方向。杜邦分析法在西方被广泛地应用在企业的财务分析中。
我国的财务制度下的报表结构与欧美的制度有所不同，因此无法直接用杜邦分析法来分析我国工业企业的业绩。而需要对原有公式进行相应的调整。
在“五要素杜邦分析法”当中增加“管理成本”这个财务要素，就可演变成为另外一种适合我国情况的“六要素工业企业财务比率分析法”。“六要素工业企业杜邦财务比率分析法”如下：六要素工业企业杜邦财务比率分析法对应要素→[税务负担]〔财务成本〕[管理成本]〔主营业务利润率〕〔总资产周转率〕〔债务倍数〕其中：净利润是指税后利润，等于财务统计报表中的利润总额减去应缴所得税。
税前利润=财务统计报表中的利润总额+产品销售税金及附加+本年应缴增值税，它不仅可以反映企业的获利能力，而且可以反映企业对国家的贡献程度。我国工业企业财务报表中直接给出的销售收入是主营业务收入，由于主营业务变动反映的是企业的核心竞争水平的变化，因比杜邦公式原来的用总销售额进行分析更为准确、合理。
在国外尤其是美国的会计制度中，利息支出是营业利润之后的一个单项成本，列于税前利润之前。而在我国的报表制度中，营业利润（营业利润=产品销售利润+其他业务利润-管理费用-财务费用）中已经减除了财务费用，在营业利润和利润总额（即税前利润）之间的差项是投资收益以及营业外收入与支出，通常这几项净额不大。
为简便起见，企业的利息成本前的利润可用营业利润加上财务费用表示，而财务成本之后、征税之前的利润则用利润总额代替。用营业利润加财务费用除以利润总额可以反映出企业支付利息成本前后的利润变化情况，考察财务成本对总利润水平的影响。
由于我国工业企业的财务报表突出主营业务，因此可将其调整为主营业务利润除以主营业务收入，可反映企业经营的间接成本（管理费用和销售费用以及其它业务利润）的情况，有利于考察企业固定成本管理的效益。对六要素的分析：1、税务负担=净利润/利税税务负担越轻，企业将有更多的发展资金，企业用于自身的基础设施建设、生产设备的改造、技术创新等的投入就会更大，企业的发展后劲就更足。
2、财务成本=利税/（营业利润+财务费用）财务费用越小，说明财务成本对企业的总利润的影响水平不大，企业融资业务趋于合理；财务费用值越大，在利税值不变的情况下，财务成本要素值越小，这表明企业从取得营业利润到税后利润的中间环节，财务成本的增长消耗了企业利润的取得。3、管理成本=（营业利润+财务费用）/产品销售利润管理成本是一个正指标。
由于影响管理成本要素的管理费用指标值在公式当中的分母中，管理成本要素值越大说明企业管理费用的消耗降低，企业管理结构合理（忽略其他业务利润的影响）。如果管理费用猛增，在营业利润没有变化的情况下，管理成本要素值就变小，说明企业管理效率低下，管理机构有待调整.管理需要科学化。
4、主营业务利润率=产品销售利润/产品销售收入主营业务利润率是一个正指标。由于产品销售费用和销售成本都包含在分母项——产品销售收入中，在产品销售利润不变的情况下，主营业务利润率要素值越小，表明企业在销售过程中的投入没有得到相应的回报。
相反，主营业务利润率要素值越大，说明企业在产品销售费用和销售成本的问题上了采取了有效的措施，销售环节的管理水平有了很大的提高。5、总资产周转率=产品销售收入/资产总计它反映了企业流动资产的运转状况。
总资产周转率要素值越大，表明企业总资产的周转速度越快。资产流转质量良好；反之，说明企业运营资金比率过小，资金运作困难。
6、债务倍数=资产总计/所有者权益债务倍数是一个负指标。对会计恒等式资产=负债+所有者权益加以变化可以得出：债务倍数=1+负债/所有者权益。
债务倍数要素值越大，说明企业的负债过大，企业负有较大的偿债风险；反之，说明企业的经营风险偏小，企业对债权人提供的资金的驾驭能力就越强。这种六要素的分析方法的主要优点在于：公式中的各个指标数值全部来自于工业企业的财务状况年报表，应用性比较强。
而且。
5.求一篇关于复合材料的英文文献
Composite Materials (Composite materials), is based on a matrix material (Matrix), a material for the reinforcement (reinforcement) material combination. Performance on a variety of materials in each other, creating synergies, so that the integrated performance of composite materials than the original composition of material to meet a variety of different requirements. Matrix material is divided into two major categories of metal and non-metallic. Commonly used in metal matrix aluminum, magnesium, copper, titanium and its alloys. Mainly non-metallic matrix of synthetic resin, rubber, ceramics, graphite, carbon and so on. Main reinforcement glass fiber, carbon fiber, boron fiber, aramid fiber, silicon carbide fibers, asbestos fibers, whiskers, wires and other fine-grained and hard. The use of composite materials can be traced back to ancient history. From ancient times to enhance the use of straw and clay for centuries has been the use of reinforced concrete formed by the two types of composite materials. The 20th century, 40's, due to the needs of the aviation industry, the development of glass fiber reinforced plastic (commonly known as glass fiber reinforced plastic), a composite material from the name. After the 50's, have developed a carbon fiber, graphite fibers and boron fibers high strength and high modulus fibers. 70's a aramid fiber and silicon carbide fiber. These high-strength, high modulus fibers with synthetic resin, carbon, graphite, ceramic, rubber and other non-metallic substrate or aluminum, magnesium, titanium and other metal matrix composites, which constitute the composite material features. [Edit this paragraph] Classification Is a mixture of composite materials. Composite materials into their component metals and metal composites, non-metallic composite materials and metals, non-metallic and non-metallic composite materials. According to their structural characteristics are divided into： ① fiber composite materials. Body will be placed in a variety of fiber-reinforced matrix--《复合材料学报》2004年05期。